CN104846212B - A kind of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process - Google Patents
A kind of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN104846212B CN104846212B CN201510307977.2A CN201510307977A CN104846212B CN 104846212 B CN104846212 B CN 104846212B CN 201510307977 A CN201510307977 A CN 201510307977A CN 104846212 B CN104846212 B CN 104846212B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process, including treating that metal smelting is made as consutrode and is welded in one heart below transition electrode and completes step prepared by electrode, it is fixed to the lifting spindle lower end of consumable electrode vacuum furnace including electrode is installed and delivers to the step in consumable electrode vacuum furnace crucible, and completing Butt sealing and the step of evacuation of consumable electrode vacuum furnace vacuum chamber housing, rising that electrifying electrodes makes after evacuation consutrode and crucible bottom preset produces arc discharge and smelts between electric arc agent；It is characterized in that, when electrode is installed, first realize the automatic centering of electrode by being arranged at the docking structure that can form cone barrel cooperation a pair of electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end, be fixedly clamped by electrode clamping device the most again.It is stable that the present invention clamps centering localization method exquisiteness, easy and simple to handle, and electrode repetitive positioning accuracy is high, speed is fast, greatly reduces operation personal error, improves work quality and efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vacuum drying oven metallurgical industry field, particularly relate to a kind of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process.
Background technology
Vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace is called for short consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process, is to utilize electric arc as a kind of electric furnace of thermal source smelting metal in vacuum environment.It is mainly used in melting refractory metal and rare metal, especially applies widely in titanium or titanium alloy melting field.The structure of vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace, body of heater including built-in crucible, in body of heater, crucible is outside equipped with the cooling water chamber of sandwich-type, vacuum chamber housing it is vertically provided with above body of heater, vacuum chamber housing is externally connected with pumped vacuum systems, the vertical electrode just crucible arranged it is arranged with in vacuum chamber housing, electrode includes transition electrode above and is welded on the consutrode below transition electrode, transition electrode top is connected on lifting spindle, lifting spindle top is slidably disposed through vacuum chamber housing by slipper seal structure, it is additionally provided with for controlling vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle carries out the lift control system that lifts.The most existing electrode and lifting spindle connected mode, be docked by transverse plane after, be clamped fixing to electrode by the fixture on lifting spindle.
This consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process technical process is as follows, treat that the metal of remelting first makes consutrode, formation electrode is the most firmly welded with transition electrode, transition electrode is clamped by the fixture on lifting spindle, consutrode is put in body of heater crucible, self-consuming furnace is airtight, it is evacuated to definite value, under lifting spindle, general who has surrendered's consutrode delivers to nearly crucible bottom, heelpiece and starting the arc agent it is placed with in crucible bottom, under floating voltage, produce arc discharge by means of consutrode and the instant contact that rises between electric arc agent and then reach stable arc burning, form a certain amount of metal bath. proceed to normal smelting after starting the arc success. conservative control electric current during normal smelting, voltage, speed of melting and vacuum, gas and the impurity of low melting point in metal just can be removed.
In vacuum consumable electrode electric arc remelting processing, the diameter of consutrode and crucible diameter should have a rational ratio, electrode diameter is too big (close to crucible diameter), affect aerofluxus, the least, heat loss can be made excessive, bath temperature is uneven. and moderate electrode diameter and crucible diameter are made by a certain percentage, if but electrode and crucible die misalignment, i.e. electrode external peripheral surface is uneven with crucible inner peripheral surface distance, or electrode even has point of contact because of die misalignment with crucible, the most easily produce limit arcing bad crucible wall, because outside crucible wall being cooling water, as occurred above-mentioned accident to puncture crucible then by badly damaged equipment and harm operator's personal safety.And existing consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process lifting spindle lower surface coordinates face to select plane to coordinate with transition electrode, plane fit system contacts well in guarantee face when electrode is good with main shaft cooperation concentricity, well conducting.As main shaft is the most concentric with electrode, then there will be certain angle because of action of gravity center lines of electrodes and spindle centerline, the generation fit clearance that cooperation face will be difficult to avoid that, main shaft will produce with transition electrode poor fit and beat arc phenomenon in a large number, electric current is smelted in impact, and fragile main shaft lower surface or transition electrode coordinate face accordingly, transition electrode loss is big.nullExisting consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process main shaft and transition electrode mainly select vertical clamp in terms of clamping，This fixture shortcoming is to ensure that chuck and electrode hold the clamping of folder position，Automatic centering effect can not be played in electrode clamping is installed，Thus prior art design can not be readily achieved electrode and main shaft and the follow-up operation requirement ensureing centering with crucible. in practical operation, operator are in order to good center，The most repeatedly clamp，Repeatedly rise and fall constantly adjust the centering situation etc. of electrode and crucible，And can only go to judge actual centering amount by eyes，The method precision is the lowest，Personal error is bigger，It is difficult to prevent electrode axially and radial displacement occurs between main shaft orientation centrage and crucible centrage，Thus cause and vacuum metling produces because of electrode die misalignment limit arc phenomenon damage crucible wall，Prior art operation is complicated，Electrode repetitive positioning accuracy is low、Speed of operation is slow，When being difficult to meet batch production electrode batch replacement with and high accuracy repeat the requirement that quickly positions，Greatly reduce production efficiency.
During it addition, existing consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process is smelted, being all that electrode inserts and installs rear direct-electrifying and heat, so new electrode bursts or falls the phenomenon of block if do not processed to be likely to occur with regard to steep temperature rise；Affecting safety and more serious impact is after to be that new electrode blank is fried drop into molten bath, in inevitably causing crystallizer because of blank termination with molten bath excessive temperature differentials, bath temperature reduces suddenly, breaks normal smelting environment.So that steel ingot occur strangling shell, slag runner, composition uneven, containing the mass defect such as miscellaneous, had a strong impact on ingot smelting quality.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved is: how to provide a kind of and clamping centering to electrode can be better achieved, can reduce main shaft coordinates what face poor fit produced to beat arc phenomenon with transition electrode, main shaft can be made stable with transition electrode clamping exquisiteness, consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process easy and simple to handle, make its electrode repetitive positioning accuracy high, speed is fast, and adapt to electrode batch replacement and the high accuracy quickly resetting requirement carried out needed for large-scale production, and make it have preheating function further and improve its safety, improve ingot smelting quality.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process, including treating that metal smelting is made as consutrode and is welded in one heart below transition electrode and completes step prepared by electrode, it is fixed to the lifting spindle lower end of consumable electrode vacuum furnace including electrode is installed and delivers to the step in consumable electrode vacuum furnace crucible, and completing Butt sealing and the step of evacuation of consumable electrode vacuum furnace vacuum chamber housing, rising that electrifying electrodes makes after evacuation consutrode and crucible bottom preset produces arc discharge and smelts between electric arc agent；It is characterized in that, when electrode is installed, first realize the automatic centering of electrode by being arranged at the docking structure that can form cone barrel cooperation a pair of electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end, be fixedly clamped by electrode clamping device the most again.
So, electrode can be better achieved the automatic centering of electrode when installing, ensure that electrode axially and will not occur radial displacement between main shaft orientation centrage and crucible centrage, it is to avoid vacuum metling produces because of electrode die misalignment limit arc phenomenon and damages crucible wall, improve smelting safety.
This method have employed following consumable electrode vacuum furnace realize, described consumable electrode vacuum furnace includes the body of heater of built-in crucible, in body of heater, crucible is outside equipped with the cooling water chamber of sandwich-type, vacuum chamber housing it is vertically provided with above body of heater, vacuum chamber housing lower end and body of heater upper end seal docking separably, vacuum chamber housing is externally connected with pumped vacuum systems, the vertical electrode just crucible arranged it is arranged with in vacuum chamber housing, electrode includes transition electrode above and is welded on the consutrode below transition electrode, transition electrode top is connected on lifting spindle, lifting spindle top is slidably disposed through vacuum chamber housing by slipper seal structure, it is additionally provided with for controlling vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle carries out the lift control system that lifts；Described electrode upper end is fixed on lifting spindle lower end by electrode clamping device, it is characterised in that be additionally provided with the docking structure for realizing electrode automatic centering between described electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end.Wherein, described docking structure includes being positioned at the installing hole that lifting spindle lower end is coaxially disposed, installing hole bottom has smaller diameter end conical cylinder section upwards, docking structure also includes the frustum section being coaxially disposed being positioned at electrode upper end near end, frustum section smaller diameter end sets up, after described electrode upper end is inserted into lifting spindle lower end installing hole, frustum section can complete snug fit with conical cylinder section.
So, after consutrode is welded on transition electrode form electrode overall structure, when electrode is installed, electrode upper end is inserted in the installing hole of lifting spindle lower end, by the conical cylinder section snug fit in the frustum section of electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end installing hole, the automatic centering to electrode axle center can be completed, realize electrode is fixed by electrode clamping device the most again.This makes it possible to clamping centering to electrode is better achieved, main shaft can be reduced and coordinate with transition electrode what face poor fit produced to beat arc phenomenon so that it is electrode repetitive positioning accuracy height, speed are fast.
As optimization, described installing hole bottom interference fit is arranged with a copper sheathing and forms described conical cylinder section, and copper sheathing inner surface is that cone barrel outer surface is for cylindrical.
So, individually using copper sheathing to form the location fit face of conical cylinder section, copper sheathing is beneficial to conduction and surface more smooth abrasion-proof, simultaneously after locating surface weares and teares, and can be by the way of dismounting and change copper sheathing, it is ensured that registration effect.
As optimization, described electrode upper frustum section lower position is the most circumferentially to the boss being outside equipped with two circle clampings.So, the convenient clamping movement to electrode is to realize installing location.
nullAs optimization，Described electrode clamping device，Including being positioned at lifting spindle lower end installing hole and being fixed on a clamping head being coaxially disposed with electrode of end, electrode upper end，Clamping head bottom is the arcwall face to contract and is fixedly connected on the frustum section upper end shaft core position of electrode in lower end by the most vertically arranged post that connects，Electrode clamping device also includes a mandrel，Mandrel is vertically co-axially located in the axle center hole at lifting spindle axle center，Mandrel upper end is arranged on lifting spindle upper end by mandrel elevating mechanism and it can be leaned on to control lifting，Mandrel lower end is fixedly connected with a horizontally disposed jaw mounting disc，Jaw mounting disc periphery uniformly offers multiple mounting groove and hinged can be provided with movable jaw in each mounting groove vertical rotating，Movable jaw entirety surrounds the tapered sleeve shape that smaller diameter end is downward，And the tapered sleeve lower lumen that surrounds and clamping head form fit，The tapered sleeve outer surface that movable jaw surrounds and the circle positive stop lug boss being circumferentially provided on the installing hole inwall of lifting spindle lower end coordinate，Movable jaw lower end can be forced inwardly to rotate and be fixedly clamped by clamping head by positive stop lug boss when mandrel is moved downward.
So, when, after electrode butt junction location, mandrel elevating mechanism controls mandrel and moves down so that movable jaw contacts with the positive stop lug boss in lifting spindle endoporus and is forced to rotate, and is fixedly clamped by clamping head；Realize the clamping fastener to main shaft.After so making electrode butt junction location, grip from inside.The clamp structure used can greatly ensure the axiality requirement of clamping, realize blind-mate automatic centering positioning clamping, prevent electrode axial direction and main shaft orientation centrage generation radial displacement, cause and vacuum metling occurs produce limit arcing bad crucible wall because of electrode die misalignment, smelting accident occurs, greatly reduces main shaft equally and coordinate with transition electrode face to beat arc phenomenon because of what poor fit produced.
As optimization, being positioned at positive stop lug boss and be arranged above chute in the installing hole of described lifting spindle lower end, described movable jaw outer surface top has evagination and coordinates the slide unit in chute.So can better ensure that in engagement process, the axiality between tapered sleeve and lifting spindle and electrode that movable jaw surrounds, it is ensured that electrode centering effect.
Being embedded with insulation sleeve as socket in optimization, the lifting spindle lower end installing hole of described movable jaw foreign side, described positive stop lug boss and chute are both formed in described insulation sleeve inner surface.So, the insulation sleeve being individually embedded, can be beneficial to this position inner-cavity structure arranges shaping, is convenient for changing to ensure quality of fit, it is ensured that centering effect after abrasion simultaneously.Insulation sleeve can also realize insulation simultaneously, it is to avoid mandrel upper end produces and beats arc phenomenon.Further, described mandrel lower end and jaw mounting disc junction have one section of insulant section.Further mandrel is insulated, it is to avoid mandrel upper end produces beats arc phenomenon and breaking plant.
As optimization, described mandrel elevating mechanism includes the cylinder body being fixedly mounted on end, lifting spindle upper end, there is in the middle part of the inner chamber in height of cylinder direction dividing plate inner chamber of cylinder block is divided into upper and lower two chambers, described mandrel upper end is upward through cylinder body slidably, and be provided with sealing ring respectively between mandrel and the upper and lower two ends of cylinder body and the dividing plate at middle part and realize movable sealing, mandrel is positioned at part each level of upper and lower two chambers of inner chamber of cylinder block and is fixedly installed a piston inner chamber of cylinder block is divided into four air-pressure chambers that short transverse is arranged successively, the pore interface that four respectively with four air-pressure chambers connect it is additionally provided with on cylinder body.
So, by the way of air pressure controls, control the lifting of mandrel, easy to control quick and simple and reliable for structure.
As optimization, described lift control system, it is positioned at body of heater side including one and the rotating disk on ground is fixed in bottom, rotating disk is provided above hydraulic lift, the lift side of hydraulic lift and vacuum chamber housing are fixed and are connected and be used for driving it to lift, and the lift side upper end of hydraulic lift is further fixedly arranged on lifting spindle device and the fixing connection of lifting spindle and for driving lifting spindle to lift.Described lifting spindle device includes the leading screw of a lift side upper end being vertically arranged to hydraulic lift, leading screw and leading screw control motor and connect and it can be leaned on to control to rotate, being equipped with a nut on leading screw and constitute screw nut driven pair, nut connects by linking arm and lifting spindle are fixing.
So, lift control system is capable of the synchronization lifting of vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle and controls, the independent elevating control to lifting spindle can also be realized, there is simple in construction, easy to control fast, the feature that motor process is reliable and stable, is capable of the Spin Control of vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle simultaneously, to facilitate the operations such as handling maintenance.
As optimization, described pumped vacuum systems includes the pump-line connected with vacuum chamber housing, two Roots vaccum pumps and a sliding valve vacuum pump have been arranged in series it away from vacuum chamber shell one end on pump-line, a prime control valve it is also respectively provided with on pump-line between two Roots vaccum pump rear ends and front end and sliding valve vacuum pump, the bypass duct that the prime control valve with two Roots vaccum pumps and its rear end is in parallel it is additionally provided with on pump-line, bypass control valve it is provided with on bypass duct, the first bypass pipe of belt switch valve it is also associated with on the pump-line at bypass duct rear, the second bypass pipe of belt switch valve it is also associated with on pump-line between prime control valve and the sliding valve vacuum pump of two Roots vaccum pump front ends.Wherein, during evacuation, air-flow flow direction is front.
So, pumped vacuum systems have employed two circuits, during evacuation, can first close the first bypass pipe and the second bypass pipe；Open bypass duct and the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump front ends, close the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump rear ends, close the second bypass pipe, carry out forvacuum by sliding valve vacuum pump.After being extracted into a certain degree in advance, close the bypass control valve on bypass duct, open the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump front ends, open the second bypass pipe, carry out degree of depth evacuation by two Roots vaccum pumps.This ensure that the quick of vacuum, reliably, evacuation degree is high and is difficult to injury device, extension device service life.After smelting, the first bypass pipe can be opened and exit, after band body of heater internal gas pressure balance, then remove vacuum chamber housing, it is ensured that air pressure impact brings potential safety hazard.
Therefore the present invention can be better achieved the clamping centering to electrode, can reduce main shaft coordinates what face poor fit produced to beat arc phenomenon with transition electrode, main shaft can be made stable with transition electrode clamping exquisiteness, easy and simple to handle, make its electrode repetitive positioning accuracy height, speed fast, and adapt to the electrode batch replacement that carries out needed for large-scale production and high accuracy quickly resetting requirement, and there is preheating function further improve its safety, raising ingot smelting quality.
As optimizing further, by body of heater, be further provided with electrode preheating device, electrode preheating device have that one vertically arranged and upper end open can the heating chamber that inserts of power pole lower end, also there is the heater that can be used in the heated by electrodes inserted.As such, it is possible to smelting the preheating realized electrode that takes a step forward, improve and smelt safety, improve ingot smelting quality.
In sum, it is stable that the present invention clamps centering localization method exquisiteness, easy and simple to handle, electrode repetitive positioning accuracy is high, speed is fast, can meet electrode batch replacement in batch production with and the demand of high accuracy quickly resetting, greatly reduce operation personal error, improve work quality and efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of consumable electrode vacuum furnace that the present invention uses when being embodied as.
Fig. 2 is independent body of heater, lifting spindle and the structural representation of vacuum chamber housing parts in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the electrode preheating device that the present invention can increase when being embodied as further.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with optimum embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof, the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process, including treating that metal smelting is made as consutrode and is welded in one heart below transition electrode and completes step prepared by electrode, it is fixed to the lifting spindle lower end of consumable electrode vacuum furnace including electrode is installed and delivers to the step in consumable electrode vacuum furnace crucible, and completing Butt sealing and the step of evacuation of consumable electrode vacuum furnace vacuum chamber housing, rising that electrifying electrodes makes after evacuation consutrode and crucible bottom preset produces arc discharge and smelts between electric arc agent；Wherein, when electrode is installed, first realize the automatic centering of electrode by being arranged at the docking structure that can form cone barrel cooperation a pair of electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end, be fixedly clamped by electrode clamping device the most again.
nullMore particularly，In preferred embodiment，The consumable electrode vacuum furnace preferably employing following structure realizes，This vacuum consumable furnace structure is as Figure 1-3，Body of heater 12 including built-in crucible，In body of heater, crucible is outside equipped with the cooling water chamber of sandwich-type，Vacuum chamber housing 15 it is vertically provided with above body of heater 12，Vacuum chamber housing 15 lower end and body of heater upper end seal docking separably，Vacuum chamber housing is externally connected with pumped vacuum systems，The vertical electrode just crucible 14 arranged it is arranged with in vacuum chamber housing，Electrode includes transition electrode 1 above and is welded on the consutrode 13 below transition electrode 1，Transition electrode 1 top is connected on lifting spindle 7，Lifting spindle 7 top is slidably disposed through vacuum chamber housing by slipper seal structure 16，It is additionally provided with for controlling vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle carries out the lift control system that lifts；Described electrode upper end is fixed on lifting spindle lower end by electrode clamping device, wherein, is additionally provided with the docking structure for realizing electrode automatic centering between described electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end.
Wherein, described docking structure includes being positioned at the installing hole that lifting spindle 7 lower end is coaxially disposed, installing hole bottom has smaller diameter end conical cylinder section upwards, docking structure also includes the frustum section being coaxially disposed being positioned at electrode upper end near end, frustum section smaller diameter end sets up, after described electrode upper end is inserted into lifting spindle lower end installing hole, frustum section can complete snug fit with conical cylinder section.
So, after consutrode is welded on transition electrode form electrode overall structure, when electrode is installed, electrode upper end is inserted in the installing hole of lifting spindle lower end, by the conical cylinder section snug fit in the frustum section of electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end installing hole, the automatic centering to electrode axle center can be completed, realize electrode is fixed by electrode clamping device the most again.This makes it possible to clamping centering to electrode is better achieved, main shaft can be reduced and coordinate with transition electrode what face poor fit produced to beat arc phenomenon so that it is electrode repetitive positioning accuracy height, speed are fast.
Wherein, described installing hole bottom interference fit is arranged with a copper sheathing 2 and forms described conical cylinder section, and copper sheathing 2 inner surface is that cone barrel outer surface is for cylindrical.
So, individually using copper sheathing to form the location fit face of conical cylinder section, copper sheathing is beneficial to conduction and surface more smooth abrasion-proof, simultaneously after locating surface weares and teares, and can be by the way of dismounting and change copper sheathing, it is ensured that registration effect.
Wherein, described electrode upper frustum section lower position is the most circumferentially to the boss being outside equipped with two circle clampings.So, the convenient clamping movement to electrode is to realize installing location.
nullWherein，Described electrode clamping device，Including being positioned at lifting spindle lower end installing hole and being fixed on a clamping head being coaxially disposed with electrode of end, electrode upper end，Clamping head bottom is the arcwall face to contract and is fixedly connected on the frustum section upper end shaft core position of electrode in lower end by the most vertically arranged post that connects，Electrode clamping device also includes a mandrel 6，Mandrel 6 is vertically co-axially located in the axle center hole at lifting spindle axle center，Mandrel 6 upper end is arranged on lifting spindle upper end by mandrel elevating mechanism and it can be leaned on to control lifting，Mandrel lower end is fixedly connected with a horizontally disposed jaw mounting disc 4，Jaw mounting disc 4 periphery uniformly offers multiple mounting groove and hinged can be provided with movable jaw 3 in each mounting groove vertical rotating，Movable jaw 3 entirety surrounds the tapered sleeve shape that smaller diameter end is downward，And the tapered sleeve lower lumen that surrounds and clamping head form fit，The tapered sleeve outer surface that movable jaw surrounds and the circle positive stop lug boss being circumferentially provided on the installing hole inwall of lifting spindle lower end coordinate，Movable jaw lower end can be forced inwardly to rotate and be fixedly clamped by clamping head by positive stop lug boss when mandrel is moved downward.
So, when, after electrode butt junction location, mandrel elevating mechanism controls mandrel and moves down so that movable jaw contacts with the positive stop lug boss in lifting spindle endoporus and is forced to rotate, and is fixedly clamped by clamping head；Realize the clamping fastener to main shaft.After so making electrode butt junction location, grip from inside.The clamp structure used can greatly ensure the axiality requirement of clamping, realize blind-mate automatic centering positioning clamping, prevent electrode axial direction and main shaft orientation centrage generation radial displacement, cause and vacuum metling occurs produce limit arcing bad crucible wall because of electrode die misalignment, smelting accident occurs, greatly reduces main shaft equally and coordinate with transition electrode face to beat arc phenomenon because of what poor fit produced.
Wherein, being positioned at positive stop lug boss and be arranged above chute in the installing hole of described lifting spindle lower end, described movable jaw outer surface top has evagination and coordinates the slide unit in chute.So can better ensure that in engagement process, the axiality between tapered sleeve and lifting spindle and electrode that movable jaw surrounds, it is ensured that electrode centering effect.
Wherein, in the lifting spindle lower end installing hole of described movable jaw foreign side, socket is embedded with insulation sleeve 5, and described positive stop lug boss and chute are both formed in described insulation sleeve 5 inner surface.So, the insulation sleeve being individually embedded, can be beneficial to this position inner-cavity structure arranges shaping, is convenient for changing to ensure quality of fit, it is ensured that centering effect after abrasion simultaneously.Insulation sleeve can also realize insulation simultaneously, it is to avoid mandrel upper end produces and beats arc phenomenon.Further, described mandrel lower end and jaw mounting disc junction have one section of insulant section.Further mandrel is insulated, it is to avoid mandrel upper end produces beats arc phenomenon and breaking plant.
Wherein, described mandrel elevating mechanism includes the cylinder body 17 being fixedly mounted on end, lifting spindle upper end, there is in the middle part of the inner chamber in height of cylinder direction dividing plate cylinder body 17 inner chamber is divided into upper and lower two chambers, described mandrel 6 upper end is upward through cylinder body 17 slidably, and be provided with sealing ring respectively between mandrel and the upper and lower two ends of cylinder body and the dividing plate at middle part and realize movable sealing, mandrel is positioned at part each level of upper and lower two chambers of inner chamber of cylinder block and is fixedly installed a piston inner chamber of cylinder block is divided into four air-pressure chambers that short transverse is arranged successively, it is the first cylinder chamber 11 that four cylinder chamber arrange the most successively, second cylinder chamber 10, 3rd cylinder chamber 9 and the 4th cylinder chamber 8, the pore interface that four respectively with four air-pressure chambers connect it is additionally provided with on cylinder body.
So, by the way of air pressure controls, control the lifting of mandrel, easy to control quick and simple and reliable for structure.
Wherein, described lift control system, it is positioned at body of heater side including one and the rotating disk 26 on ground is fixed in bottom, rotating disk is provided above hydraulic lift, lift side 18 and the vacuum chamber housing 15 of hydraulic lift are fixed and are connected and be used for driving it to lift, and lift side 18 upper end of hydraulic lift is further fixedly arranged on lifting spindle device and the fixing connection of lifting spindle 7 and for driving lifting spindle 7 to lift.Described lifting spindle device includes the leading screw 27 of a lift side upper end being vertically arranged to hydraulic lift, leading screw 27 and leading screw control motor and connect and it can be leaned on to control to rotate, being equipped with a nut on leading screw and constitute screw nut driven pair, nut is by linking arm and the fixing connection of lifting spindle 7.
So, lift control system is capable of the synchronization lifting of vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle and controls, the independent elevating control to lifting spindle can also be realized, there is simple in construction, easy to control fast, the feature that motor process is reliable and stable, is capable of the Spin Control of vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle simultaneously, to facilitate the operations such as handling maintenance.
Wherein, described pumped vacuum systems includes the pump-line 28 connected with vacuum chamber housing, two Roots vaccum pumps 22 have been arranged in series it away from vacuum chamber shell one end on pump-line 28, 23 and a sliding valve vacuum pump 25, a prime control valve 21 it is also respectively provided with on pump-line between two Roots vaccum pump rear ends and front end and sliding valve vacuum pump, 24, the bypass duct that the prime control valve with two Roots vaccum pumps and its rear end is in parallel it is additionally provided with on pump-line, bypass control valve 20 it is provided with on bypass duct, the first bypass pipe 19 of belt switch valve it is also associated with on the pump-line 28 at bypass duct rear, the second bypass pipe 29 of belt switch valve it is also associated with on pump-line between prime control valve and the sliding valve vacuum pump of two Roots vaccum pump front ends.Wherein, during evacuation, air-flow flow direction is front.
So, pumped vacuum systems have employed two circuits, during evacuation, can first close the first bypass pipe and the second bypass pipe；Open bypass duct and the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump front ends, close the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump rear ends, close the second bypass pipe, carry out forvacuum by sliding valve vacuum pump.After being extracted into a certain degree in advance, close the bypass control valve on bypass duct, open the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump front ends, open the second bypass pipe, carry out degree of depth evacuation by two Roots vaccum pumps.This ensure that the quick of vacuum, reliably, evacuation degree is high and is difficult to injury device, extension device service life.After smelting, the first bypass pipe can be opened and exit, after band body of heater internal gas pressure balance, then remove vacuum chamber housing, it is ensured that air pressure impact brings potential safety hazard.
When the present invention is embodied as, electrode preheating device can also be set by body of heater further, as it is shown on figure 3, electrode preheating device has that one vertically arranged and upper end open can the heating chamber that inserts of power pole lower end, also there is the heater that can be used in the heated by electrodes inserted.So before metal electrode blank is smelted, electrode blank termination is preheated, is possible to prevent metal electrode to enter after slag, electrode blank termination steep temperature rise and bursting occurs or falls the phenomenon of block；Enter behind molten bath prevented also from electrode blank, make because bath temperature rapid drawdown is low ESR ingot occur strangling shell, slag runner, composition uneven, containing the mass defect such as miscellaneous.Therefore improve safety and metallurgical effect.
Wherein, described electrode preheating device includes housing 8 ', housing 8 ' is internally provided with refractory insulating material 9 ' and forms heating chamber at middle part, the induction coil 10 ' formation heater that being embedded with in described refractory insulating material 9 ' spirals around heating chamber lift is arranged.
So, refractory insulating material can be formed good protective layer with thermal insulation and insulation, increase the service life.Heater uses the non-contact thermal of induction coil, under the sensing of coil electromagnetic field of high frequency, make to stretch into the electrode blank termination fast heating of heating chamber, quick heating, thermal loss is little, temperature homogeneity is high, can have good heats and efficiency, induction coil avoids and electrode contact in being laid on fireproof high-temperature resistant insulant protective layer simultaneously, in case practical operation improper damage induction coil, as in use, electrode blank termination is the most just clamping or telescopic location is improper, make it collide with induction coil or contact problems such as beating arc damage induction coil, solve security hidden trouble present in its technology.It can be not required to change by life-time service, and service life is long, safe efficient, energy-conservation.
Wherein, induction coil 10 ' inner hollow forms coil cooling-water duct, and housing 8 ' side is additionally provided with the coil cooling water inlet 11 ' and coil coolant outlet 12 ' connected at the two ends with coil cooling-water duct short transverse.So, coil uses cooling water cooling, prevents coil own temperature too high, improves coil protected effect, increases the service life.
Wherein, being additionally provided with protective gas passage 13 ' in described housing, the inner gas outlet of protective gas passage 13 ' is positioned at heating cavity bottom, and outer end air inlet is used for external protection source of the gas.So, inert gas shielding can be provided during preheating, it is to avoid electrode blank termination oxidative phenomena present in the warm, prevent the scaling loss of active element, prevent the oxygen content in steel from increasing, it is ensured that metallurgical effect.
Wherein, described protective gas passage 13 ' is the annular channel structure arranged higher than heating chamber inner bottom surface, and described gas outlet is equally distributed multiple around circular passage circumference and is circumferentially communicated to obliquely along identical incline direction heat cavity bottom.As such, it is possible to can side-lower upwards annularly flow in protection device after venthole is given vent to anger, it is possible to preferably the air in script furnace chamber is expelled from furnace chamber inner space, improves protected effect,
Wherein, described housing 8 ' is overall in drum-shaped, and heating chamber is the cylinder being coaxially disposed, and case top lid sets the cap 14 ' being fixed with coupling, cap 14 ' middle part is provided with and heats the via that chamber is coaxial, and via diameter is more than electrode external diameter and less than heating chamber diameter.So; housing and heating chamber cross section are circle; the device space can be saved; improve the efficiency of heating surface; the cap arranged can limit the position that electrode inserts, and prevents electrode and heats chamber inner wall and contact and produce destruction, and can to limit protective gas excessive for cap simultaneously; improve gas shield effect, improve electrode protection effect.It addition, the lid that cap is detachable sets and is fixedly installed, installation settings and the repair and maintenance of housing interior structure can be facilitated.
Wherein, being positioned at induction coil top position and be additionally provided with temperature sensor 15 ' in described heating chamber, temperature sensor 15 ' is connected for non-contact temperature sensor and the alarm that is positioned at outside housing with one.So, the actual temperature during preheating of electrode blank termination can accurately be measured.So that electrode blank termination reaches the best pre-heat effect.When temperature overheating being detected, can be sent alarm by alarm, it is overheated to prevent, and improves electrode protection effect.Use non-contact temperature sensor avoid with electrode contact and cause destroy, alarm can use buzzer or warning lamp.
Wherein, described housing 8 ' bottom is additionally provided with cooling water cavity room 16 ', and side, cooling water cavity room 16 ' is provided with inlet channel 17 ', and opposite side is provided with outlet conduit 18 '.So, cooling water cavity room can cooling protection electrode preheating device, extension fixture life-span further.
Claims (9)
1. a consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process, including treating that metal smelting is made as consutrode and is welded in one heart below transition electrode and completes step prepared by electrode, it is fixed to the lifting spindle lower end of consumable electrode vacuum furnace including electrode is installed and delivers to the step in consumable electrode vacuum furnace crucible, and completing Butt sealing and the step of evacuation of consumable electrode vacuum furnace vacuum chamber housing, rising that electrifying electrodes makes after evacuation consutrode and crucible bottom preset produces arc discharge and smelts between electric arc agent；It is characterized in that, when electrode is installed, first realize the automatic centering of electrode by being arranged at the docking structure that can form cone barrel cooperation a pair of electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end, be fixedly clamped by electrode clamping device the most again；
This method have employed following consumable electrode vacuum furnace and realizes, described consumable electrode vacuum furnace includes the body of heater of built-in crucible, in body of heater, crucible is outside equipped with the cooling water chamber of sandwich-type, vacuum chamber housing it is vertically provided with above body of heater, vacuum chamber housing lower end and body of heater upper end seal docking separably, vacuum chamber housing is externally connected with pumped vacuum systems, the vertical electrode just crucible arranged it is arranged with in vacuum chamber housing, electrode includes transition electrode above and is welded on the consutrode below transition electrode, transition electrode top is connected on lifting spindle, lifting spindle top is slidably disposed through vacuum chamber housing by slipper seal structure, it is additionally provided with for controlling vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle carries out the lift control system that lifts；Described electrode upper end is fixed on lifting spindle lower end by electrode clamping device, is additionally provided with the docking structure for realizing electrode automatic centering between described electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end；Described docking structure includes being positioned at the installing hole that lifting spindle lower end is coaxially disposed, installing hole bottom has smaller diameter end conical cylinder section upwards, docking structure also includes the frustum section being coaxially disposed being positioned at electrode upper end near end, frustum section smaller diameter end sets up, after described electrode upper end is inserted into lifting spindle lower end installing hole, frustum section can complete snug fit with conical cylinder section；For completing the automatic centering to electrode axle center.
2. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described installing hole bottom interference fit is arranged with a copper sheathing and forms described conical cylinder section, copper sheathing inner surface is that cone barrel outer surface is for cylindrical.
3. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described electrode upper frustum section lower position is the most circumferentially to the boss being outside equipped with two circle clampings.
null4. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 1，It is characterized in that，Described electrode clamping device，Including being positioned at lifting spindle lower end installing hole and being fixed on a clamping head being coaxially disposed with electrode of end, electrode upper end，Clamping head bottom is the arcwall face to contract and is fixedly connected on the frustum section upper end shaft core position of electrode in lower end by the most vertically arranged post that connects，Electrode clamping device also includes a mandrel，Mandrel is vertically co-axially located in the axle center hole at lifting spindle axle center，Mandrel upper end is arranged on lifting spindle upper end by mandrel elevating mechanism and it can be leaned on to control lifting，Mandrel lower end is fixedly connected with a horizontally disposed jaw mounting disc，Jaw mounting disc periphery uniformly offers multiple mounting groove and hinged can be provided with movable jaw in each mounting groove vertical rotating，Movable jaw entirety surrounds the tapered sleeve shape that smaller diameter end is downward，And the tapered sleeve lower lumen that surrounds and clamping head form fit，The tapered sleeve outer surface that movable jaw surrounds and the circle positive stop lug boss being circumferentially provided on the installing hole inwall of lifting spindle lower end coordinate，Movable jaw lower end can be forced inwardly to rotate and be fixedly clamped by clamping head by positive stop lug boss when mandrel is moved downward.
5. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that be positioned at positive stop lug boss in the installing hole of described lifting spindle lower end and be arranged above chute, described movable jaw outer surface top has evagination and coordinates the slide unit in chute.
6. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that in the lifting spindle lower end installing hole of described movable jaw foreign side, socket is embedded with insulation sleeve, and described positive stop lug boss and chute are both formed in described insulation sleeve inner surface.
7. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described mandrel elevating mechanism includes the cylinder body being fixedly mounted on end, lifting spindle upper end, there is in the middle part of the inner chamber in height of cylinder direction dividing plate inner chamber of cylinder block is divided into upper and lower two chambers, described mandrel upper end is upward through cylinder body slidably, and be provided with sealing ring respectively between mandrel and the upper and lower two ends of cylinder body and the dividing plate at middle part and realize movable sealing, mandrel is positioned at part each level of upper and lower two chambers of inner chamber of cylinder block and is fixedly installed a piston inner chamber of cylinder block is divided into four air-pressure chambers that short transverse is arranged successively, the pore interface that four respectively with four air-pressure chambers connect it is additionally provided with on cylinder body.
8. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described lift control system, it is positioned at body of heater side including one and the rotating disk on ground is fixed in bottom, rotating disk is provided above hydraulic lift, the lift side of hydraulic lift and vacuum chamber housing are fixed and are connected and be used for driving it to lift, and the lift side upper end of hydraulic lift is further fixedly arranged on lifting spindle device and the fixing connection of lifting spindle and for driving lifting spindle to lift；
Described lifting spindle device includes the leading screw of a lift side upper end being vertically arranged to hydraulic lift, leading screw and leading screw control motor and connect and it can be leaned on to control to rotate, being equipped with a nut on leading screw and constitute screw nut driven pair, nut connects by linking arm and lifting spindle are fixing.
9. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pumped vacuum systems includes the pump-line connected with vacuum chamber housing, two Roots vaccum pumps and a sliding valve vacuum pump have been arranged in series it away from vacuum chamber shell one end on pump-line, a prime control valve it is also respectively provided with on pump-line between two Roots vaccum pump rear ends and front end and sliding valve vacuum pump, the bypass duct that the prime control valve with two Roots vaccum pumps and its rear end is in parallel it is additionally provided with on pump-line, bypass control valve it is provided with on bypass duct, the first bypass pipe of belt switch valve it is also associated with on the pump-line at bypass duct rear, the second bypass pipe of belt switch valve it is also associated with on pump-line between prime control valve and the sliding valve vacuum pump of two Roots vaccum pump front ends.
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| CN105861850B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-11-03 | 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of electroslag refining furnace electrode producing method |
| CN107586964B (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2020-08-25 | 沈阳真空技术研究所有限公司 | Vacuum consumable electrode arc skull furnace |
| DE102018103312B4 (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2019-08-22 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Remelting plant and method for operating a remelting plant |
| CN116426761B (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-10-27 | 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 | Electrode rod, electrode deflection resistance method and electroslag furnace |
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| JPH03197624A (en) * | 1989-12-25 | 1991-08-29 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Vacuum esr method for component control |
| CN103045877B (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-04 | 西部超导材料科技股份有限公司 | Automatic arcing device for vacuum consumable electric-arc furnace and control method |
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