CN104826445B - 回收乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气的分离工艺 - Google Patents

回收乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气的分离工艺 Download PDF

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CN104826445B
CN104826445B CN201510250147.0A CN201510250147A CN104826445B CN 104826445 B CN104826445 B CN 104826445B CN 201510250147 A CN201510250147 A CN 201510250147A CN 104826445 B CN104826445 B CN 104826445B
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CN104826445A (zh
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阮雪华
林雪
贺高红
代岩
张宁
焉晓明
郑文姬
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种回收乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气的分离工艺，属于石油化工领域。通过低温膨胀透平将制冷系统开车尾气中的静压能转化为超低温冷量，使能量得到充分利用；通过冷箱换热，利用低温膨胀透平产生的超低温冷量，冷凝回收开车尾气中的乙烯。本发明提供了一种不需要消耗外部能量就能回收乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气的分离方法及工艺，可实现压缩制冷系统开车尾气中95％以上乙烯的回收。此外，由于不需要外加动力系统，根据本发明建立的压缩制冷系统开车尾气回收装置，具有工艺流程简单、设备数量少等特征，因而投资少、运行稳定。

Description

回收乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气的分离工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种回收乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气的分离方法，以及对应的工艺，属于石油化工领域。该分离方法利用制冷系统开车尾气具有较高压力这一特征，通过低温膨胀透平将开车尾气的静压能转化为超低温冷量，再通过冷箱换热，冷凝分离开车尾气中的乙烯，是一种不需要消耗外部能量的制冷系统开车尾气回收方法。
背景技术
乙烯是工业上经常使用的一种低温制冷剂。乙烯压缩制冷系统是指乙烯加压后在高温条件下冷凝、减压后在低温条件下蒸发吸热的制冷过程。在工业生产中，低于-50℃的冷却过程通常使用乙烯压缩制冷，比如：在乙烯的分离精制过程中，由乙烯压缩制冷系统分别提供-55℃、-76℃和-98℃等温位的制冷剂；在丁基橡胶聚合过程中，由乙烯压缩制冷系统分别提供-76℃和-107℃等温位的制冷剂；在阶式液化天然气生产过程中，由乙烯压缩制冷系统提供-90℃温位的制冷剂。
在乙烯压缩制冷系统的开车过程中，首先要用高纯氮气进行清扫置换，使整个系统达到无氧状态。氧浓度达标后，从乙烯压缩机入口处导入乙烯，增压至1.6MPag以上，置换系统中的氮气，形成的开车尾气从制冷系统的乙烯冷凝分离罐顶部排出。当系统中制冷工质的乙烯浓度达到99mol％后，开车尾气排放才可以停止，通常这一过程需要2～3个小时。
乙烯压缩制冷系统的开车尾气具有以下特点：1)间歇排放，只存在于开车过程，每年排放时间一般不超过20小时；2)瞬间排放大，6万吨/年丁基橡胶的制冷系统，开车尾气流量达到3500Nm3/h，乙烯损失超过2.2t/h；3)乙烯浓度变化大，从开车启动时不含乙烯，到稳定运行时乙烯浓度超过99mol％。从上述特征来看，如果要对制冷系统开车尾气进行回收，必须要有一种启动迅速、处理能力大且投资少的乙烯分离工艺。由于这些特征的限制，现有的乙烯压缩制冷系统均未考虑回收开车尾气中的乙烯，也没有相关的文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种回收乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气的分离工艺。该方法利用压缩制冷系统的开车尾气具有较高压力(>1.6MPaG)这一特征，通过低温膨胀透平将开车尾气的静压能转化为超低温冷量(<-120℃)，再通过冷箱换热，冷凝回收开车尾气中的乙烯，这是一种不需要消耗外部能量的制冷系统开车尾气回收方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一种回收乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气的分离工艺，
从制冷系统的乙烯减压闪蒸罐(1)顶部排出的开车尾气(S-1)，首先进入冷箱(2)，随着温度的降低，开车尾气(S-1)中的乙烯大部分被冷凝下来，形成气-液混合物(S-2)，进入凝液回收罐(3)中。
在凝液回收罐(3)顶部，排出以氮气为主的不凝气(S-3)，进入低温膨胀透平(4)，将静压能转化为超低温冷量，即<-120℃；低温膨胀透平(4)输出的超低温不凝气(S-4)，返回冷箱(2)，与开车尾气(S-1)逆流换热；回收冷量后的不凝气(S-5)，送往火炬。
在凝液回收罐(3)底部，得到以乙烯为主的凝液(S-6)，进入节流阀(5)，减压后返回冷箱(2)，与开车尾气(S-1)逆流换热，得到气态的粗乙烯(S-7)；粗乙烯(S-7)返回乙烯压缩机(6)入口。
本发明的优点及有益效果：
提供了一种不需要消耗外部能量的乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气回收方法，通过低温膨胀透平将开车尾气的静压能转化为超低温冷量，即可完成开车尾气中95％乙烯的回收。此外，本发明涉及的回收装置不需要外加动力系统，流程简单、设备数量少，投资少。
以6万吨/年的丁基橡胶合成装置为例，采用本发明提供的回收工艺处理乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气，每次开车过程可回收乙烯6.25吨，每年(按开/停车4次)可回收乙烯约25吨，经济效益达到22万元/年。
附图说明
图1是回收乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气的分离工艺流程简图。
在附图中：(1)乙烯减压闪蒸罐；(2)冷箱；(3)凝液回收罐；(4)低温膨胀透平；(5)节流阀；(6)乙烯压缩机；(7)冷凝换热系统；(8)冷量用户；(S-1)制冷系统开车尾气；(S-2)气-液混合物；(S-3)以氮气为主的不凝气；(S-4)超低温不凝气；(S-5)回收冷量后的不凝气；(S-6)以乙烯为主的凝液；(S-7)气态的粗乙烯。
具体实施方式
以下结合技术方案和附图详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
采用本发明提供的分离工艺回收6万吨/年丁基橡胶合成装置中乙烯压缩制冷系统的开车尾气，尾气流量平均为3500Nm3/h，压力为1.6MPaG。
减压闪蒸罐(1)顶部排出的开车尾气(S-1)，首先进入冷箱(2)，温度降至-125℃，大部分乙烯被冷凝下来，形成气-液混合物(S-2)，进入凝液回收罐(3)中；在回收罐(3)的顶部得到以氮气为主的不凝气(S-3)，在底部得到以乙烯为主的凝液(S-6)；不凝气(S-3)进入低温膨胀透平(4)，压力降低至0.4MPaG，静压能转化为超低温冷量(-146℃)，返回冷箱(2)，与开车尾气(S-1)逆流换热，回收冷量后的不凝气(S-5)，送往火炬；凝液(S-6)经节流阀(5)减压至0.2MPaG，温度为-128℃，返回冷箱(2)中，与开车尾气(S-1)逆流换热，得到的气态粗乙烯(S-7)返回乙烯压缩机(6)入口。
低温膨胀透平(4)的操作条件：进口1.6MPaG/-125℃；出口0.4MPaG/-146℃。
冷箱(2)的操作条件：热物流(S-1)入口1.6MPaG/-38℃，出口1.6MPaG/-125℃；冷物流(S-4)入口0.4MPaG/-146℃，出口0.4MPaG/-50℃；冷物流(S-6)入口0.2MPaG/-128℃，出口0.2MPaG/-50℃。
低温膨胀透平(4)的规格为轴功率(输出)22kW，冷箱(2)的换热面积为400m2，开车尾气回收装置的总投资约为60万元。
在该实施例中，一次开车过程可回收乙烯6.4吨，收率为97.5％，每年(按开/停车4次)可回收乙烯约25.6吨，经济效益(产值-设备折旧)达到22.6万元/年。
实施例2
采用本发明提供的分离工艺回收80万吨/年乙烯分离精制装置中乙烯压缩制冷系统的开车尾气，尾气流量平均为40000Nm3/h，压力为1.8MPaG。
减压闪蒸罐(1)顶部排出的开车尾气(S-1)，首先进入冷箱(2)，温度降至-110℃，大部分乙烯被冷凝下来，形成气-液混合物(S-2)，进入凝液回收罐(3)中；在回收罐(3)的顶部得到以氮气为主的不凝气(S-3)，在底部得到以乙烯为主的凝液(S-6)；不凝气(S-3)进入低温膨胀透平(4)，压力降低至0.2MPaG，静压能转化为超低温冷量(-155℃)，返回冷箱(2)，与开车尾气(S-1)逆流换热，回收冷量后的不凝气(S-5)，送往火炬；凝液(S-6)经节流阀(5)减压至0.2MPaG，温度为-114℃，返回冷箱(2)中，与开车尾气(S-1)逆流换热，得到的气态粗乙烯(S-7)返回乙烯压缩机(6)入口。
低温膨胀透平(4)的操作条件：进口1.8MPaG/-110℃；出口0.2MPaG/-155℃。
冷箱(2)的操作条件：热物流(S-1)入口1.8MPaG/-35℃，出口1.8MPaG/-110℃；冷物流(S-4)入口0.2MPaG/-155℃，出口0.2MPaG/-55℃；冷物流(S-6)入口0.2MPaG/-114℃，出口0.2MPaG/-55℃。
低温膨胀透平(4)的规格为轴功率(输出)800kW，冷箱(2)的换热面积为6000m2，开车尾气回收装置的总投资约为1100万元。
在该实施例中，一次开车过程可回收乙烯72吨，收率为95.3％，每年(按开/停车3次)可回收乙烯约216吨，经济效益(产值-设备折旧)达到161万元/年。

Claims (1)

1.一种回收乙烯压缩制冷系统开车尾气的分离工艺，其特征在于，
从制冷系统的乙烯减压闪蒸罐(1)顶部排出的开车尾气(S-1)，首先进入冷箱(2)，随着温度的降低，开车尾气(S-1)中的乙烯大部分被冷凝下来，形成气-液混合物(S-2)，进入凝液回收罐(3)中；
在凝液回收罐(3)顶部，排出以氮气为主的不凝气(S-3)，进入低温膨胀透平(4)，将静压能转化为超低温冷量，即<-120℃；低温膨胀透平(4)输出的超低温不凝气(S-4)，返回冷箱(2)，与开车尾气(S-1)逆流换热；回收冷量后的不凝气(S-5)，送往火炬；
在凝液回收罐(3)底部，得到以乙烯为主的凝液(S-6)，进入节流阀(5)，减压后返回冷箱(2)，与开车尾气(S-1)逆流换热，得到气态的粗乙烯(S-7)；粗乙烯(S-7)返回乙烯压缩机(6)入口。
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