CN105806040A - 利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统与方法 - Google Patents

利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统与方法 Download PDF

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CN105806040A
CN105806040A CN201610274609.7A CN201610274609A CN105806040A CN 105806040 A CN105806040 A CN 105806040A CN 201610274609 A CN201610274609 A CN 201610274609A CN 105806040 A CN105806040 A CN 105806040A
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carbon black
tail gas
heat exchanger
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郝凯钟
陈武
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Beijing Zhongke Ruiao Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统与方法，其中利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统包括：精馏设备；第一膨胀机，第一膨胀机的膨胀端与精馏设备的一气体出口通过管路连接，第一膨胀机的膨胀端用于使精馏设备排出的富氮气膨胀后返回精馏设备，以此为精馏设备提供冷量。本发明的方法包括：利用精馏设备对炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气；利用第一膨胀机的膨胀端使富氮气膨胀后返回精馏设备，以此为精馏设备提供冷量。本发明的技术方案的优点是可以对炭黑尾气中尾气进行液化分离，分离出液化天然气产品和富氮气，将尾气进行分离并提纯，提高了尾气的利用价值，并且本装置的制冷系统采用的单一的冷剂氮气，大大降低了制冷系统的成本。

Description

利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统与方法
技术领域
本发明涉及尾气的回收利用领域，特别是涉及一种利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统与方法。
背景技术
炭黑是一种无定形碳，其为轻、松而极细的黑色粉末，其比表面积非常大，范围从10-3000m2/g。炭黑是有机物(天然气、重油、燃料油等)在空气不足的条件下经不完全燃烧或受热分解而得的产物，比重为1.8-2.1。由天然气制成的称“气黑”，由油类制成的称“灯黑”，由乙炔制成的称“乙炔黑”。此外还有“槽黑”、“炉黑”。按炭黑性能区分有“补强炭黑”、“导电炭黑”、“耐磨炭黑”等种类。炭黑可作黑色染料，用于制造中国墨、油墨、油漆等，也可用于做橡胶的补强剂。
每生产1吨炭黑，会产生8000Nm3含尘尾气。按照我国2105年炭黑产量504万吨计，产生尾气约400亿Nm3，这些炭黑尾气如直接排入空气中会造成极大污染与浪费，如何有效利用炭黑尾气是急需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种有效减少污染与浪费的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统与方法。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，包括：
用于对炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气的精馏设备；
第一膨胀机，所述第一膨胀机的膨胀端与精馏设备的一气体出口通过管路连接，所述第一膨胀机的膨胀端用于使精馏设备排出的富氮气膨胀后返回精馏设备，以此为所述精馏设备提供冷量。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其中，所述精馏设备包括：
用于对炭黑尾气进行初步冷却的一级换热器；
用于对初步冷却后炭黑尾气进行再次冷却的二级换热器，与所述一级换热器通过管路连接；
用于对再次冷却后的炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气的甲烷精馏塔，与所述二级换热器通过管路连接；所述甲烷精馏塔的塔顶分离器的富氮气出口与所述第一膨胀机的膨胀端通过第一管路连接；所述第一膨胀机的膨胀端通过排气管路将膨胀至低温低压的富氮气排出，所述排气管路经过二级换热器、一级换热器，以向二级换热器、一级换热器提供冷量。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其中，所述第一管路经过二级换热器，以向二级换热器提供冷量。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其中，所述精馏设备还包括氮气制冷系统，氮气制冷系统包括用于对氮气压缩的压缩机，压缩机的气体出口通过第二管路连通第一节流阀，所述第一节流阀通过回流管路连接压缩机的气体入口，所述氮气在压缩机与第一节流阀之间循环，第二管路依次经过一级换热器、甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器、二级换热器，第二管路中的氮气在一级换热器、甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器、二级换热器中冷却降温，回流管路依次经过甲烷精馏塔的塔顶冷凝器、二级换热器、一级换热器，回流管路中的氮气在甲烷精馏塔的塔顶冷凝器、二级换热器、一级换热器中提供冷量。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其中，所述回流管路经过二级换热器后经过第二膨胀机的膨胀端，由所述第二膨胀机的膨胀端接出后，所述回流管路依次经过二级换热器、一级换热器，第二膨胀机的膨胀端用于使所述回流管路内的氮气膨胀降温。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其中，所述甲烷精馏塔的底部的液化天然气出口与液化天然气排出管连通，液化天然气排出管经过二级换热器后与第二节流阀的入口连通，以使液化天然气排出管中的液化天然气通过二级换热器冷却降温后通过第二节流阀节流冷却降温。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的方法，包括：
利用精馏设备对炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气；
利用第一膨胀机的膨胀端使所述富氮气膨胀后返回精馏设备，以此为所述精馏设备提供冷量。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的方法，其中，利用精馏设备对炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气包括：
对炭黑尾气进行初步冷却；
对初步冷却后炭黑尾气进行再次冷却；
对再次冷却后的炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的方法，其中，在利用第一膨胀机的膨胀端使所述富氮气膨胀之前，对所述富氮气复温处理。
本发明的技术方案的优点是可以对炭黑尾气中尾气进行液化分离，分离出液化天然气产品和富氮气，将尾气进行分离并提纯，提高了尾气的利用价值，并且本装置的制冷系统采用的单一的冷剂氮气，大大降低了制冷系统的成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，包括：
用于对炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气的精馏设备；
第一膨胀机ET1，第一膨胀机ET1的膨胀端与精馏设备的一气体出口通过管路连接，第一膨胀机ET1的膨胀端用于使精馏设备排出的富氮气膨胀后返回精馏设备，以此为精馏设备提供冷量。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其中，精馏设备包括：
用于对炭黑尾气进行初步冷却的一级换热器E1；
用于对初步冷却后炭黑尾气进行再次冷却的二级换热器E3，与一级换热器E1通过管路连接；
用于对再次冷却后的炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气的甲烷精馏塔T1，与二级换热器通过管路连接；甲烷精馏塔T1的塔顶分离器V1的富氮气出口与第一膨胀机ET1的膨胀端通过第一管路11连接；第一膨胀机的膨胀端通过排气管路10将膨胀至低温低压的富氮气排出，排气管路10经过二级换热器E3、一级换热器E1，以向二级换热器E3、一级换热器E1提供冷量。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其中，第一管路11经过二级换热器E3，以向二级换热器E3提供冷量。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其中，精馏设备还包括氮气制冷系统，氮气制冷系统包括用于对氮气压缩的压缩机C1，压缩机的气体出口通过第二管路12连通第一节流阀V10，第一节流阀V10通过回流管路30连接压缩机C1的气体入口，氮气在压缩机与第一节流阀V10之间循环，第二管路12依次经过一级换热器E1、甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器E2、二级换热器E3，第二管路12中的氮气在一级换热器、甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器E2、二级换热器中冷却降温，回流管路30依次经过甲烷精馏塔的塔顶冷凝器E4、二级换热器、一级换热器，回流管路中的氮气在甲烷精馏塔的塔顶冷凝器E4、二级换热器、一级换热器中提供冷量。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其中，回流管路30经过二级换热器后经过第二膨胀机ET2的膨胀端，由第二膨胀机的膨胀端接出后，回流管路30依次经过二级换热器、一级换热器，第二膨胀机的膨胀端用于使回流管路内的氮气膨胀降温。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其中，甲烷精馏塔的底部的液化天然气出口与液化天然气排出管40连通，液化天然气排出管40经过二级换热器后与第二节流阀V20的入口连通，以使液化天然气排出管40中的液化天然气通过二级换热器冷却降温后通过第二节流阀V20节流冷却降温。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的方法，包括：
利用精馏设备对炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气；
利用第一膨胀机的膨胀端使富氮气膨胀后返回精馏设备，以此为精馏设备提供冷量。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的方法，其中，利用精馏设备对炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气包括：
对炭黑尾气进行初步冷却；
对初步冷却后炭黑尾气进行再次冷却；
对再次冷却后的炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的方法，其中，在利用第一膨胀机的膨胀端使富氮气膨胀之前，对富氮气复温处理。
本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其中，还包括用于对炭黑尾气压缩的炭黑尾气压缩机以及用于对压缩后的炭黑尾气进行干燥净化处理的干燥净化装置，炭黑尾气压缩机与干燥净化装置通过管路连接，干燥净化装置与一级换热器通过管路连接。
炭黑尾气压缩机用于将炭黑尾气压缩至10-40bar。
压缩机可以为往复压缩机或离心压缩机或螺杆压缩机或迷宫压缩机，可以为实现1-4级压缩的压缩机。
利用本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统实施本发明的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的方法的实施例如下：
炭黑尾气流量为4000Nm3/h，压力18bar，成分如表1所示，进入一级换热器E1降温至-96℃后，进入二级换热器E3降温至-150℃，然后进入甲烷精馏塔T1，在甲烷精馏塔T1塔底的液相物料经过甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器E2加热，氮气不断的蒸发，甲烷不断的浓缩，最终从塔底分离出温度-112℃、压力17bar、流量493Nm3/h的液化天然气(LNG)，经二级换热器E3降温和第二节流阀V20降压，最终输出-161℃、1.15bar的液化天然气产品，组分如表1所示。
在甲烷精馏塔T1塔顶的气相物料经过甲烷精馏塔的塔顶冷凝器E4冷凝，并经过甲烷精馏塔的塔顶分离器V1分离，分离出的富氮气，流量3507Nm3/h、温度-160℃、压力16.8bar，进入二级换热器E3复温至-128℃，进入第一膨胀机ET1膨胀为-165℃、500bar，然后经二级换热器E3、一级换热器E1换热后常温排出。
3bar、36℃，5500Nm3/h的氮气进入压缩机C1压缩至26bar后，依次进入一级换热器E1降温至-86℃、甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器E2降温至-110℃、二级换热器E3降温至-160℃、第一节流阀V10降压至-162.8℃/15bar、甲烷精馏塔的塔顶冷凝器E4换热后至-162.9℃、二级换热器复温至-120℃进入第二膨胀机膨胀至-164℃/3.4bar、二级换热器复温至-120℃、一级换热器复温至30℃，最后进入压缩机C1的入口，完成氮气循环。
本实施例中，氮气进入压缩机入口的压力为2-4bar，由压缩机出口排出时压力18-30bar。氮气经节流阀降压至8-15bar，并且经过膨胀机膨胀至2-5bar。甲烷精馏塔可以为板式塔也可以为填料塔。再沸器可以为釜式重沸器或热虹吸式再沸器或强制循环再沸器。
本实施例中，炭黑尾气经换热器换热降温，进入甲烷精馏塔，在塔底精馏出液化天然气，在塔顶精馏出富氮气，富氮气进入二级换热器后，经膨胀机膨胀降温降压，为二级换热器提供冷量，并依次进入二级换热器和一级换热器，最后常温排出。
本发明的优点是：可以对炭黑尾气中尾气进行液化分离，分离出液化天然气产品和富氮气，将尾气进行分离并提纯，提高了尾气的利用价值，并且本系统的制冷系统采用的单一的冷剂氮气，大大降低了制冷系统的成本。
表1
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其特征在于，包括：
用于对炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气的精馏设备；
第一膨胀机，所述第一膨胀机的膨胀端与精馏设备的一气体出口通过管路连接，所述第一膨胀机的膨胀端用于使精馏设备排出的富氮气膨胀后返回精馏设备，以此为所述精馏设备提供冷量。
2.如权利要求1所述的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其特征在于，所述精馏设备包括：
用于对炭黑尾气进行初步冷却的一级换热器；
用于对初步冷却后炭黑尾气进行再次冷却的二级换热器，与所述一级换热器通过管路连接；
用于对再次冷却后的炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气的甲烷精馏塔，与所述二级换热器通过管路连接；所述甲烷精馏塔的塔顶分离器的富氮气出口与所述第一膨胀机的膨胀端通过第一管路连接；所述第一膨胀机的膨胀端通过排气管路将膨胀至低温低压的富氮气排出，所述排气管路经过二级换热器、一级换热器，以向二级换热器、一级换热器提供冷量。
3.如权利要求2所述的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其特征在于，所述第一管路经过二级换热器，以向二级换热器提供冷量。
4.如权利要求3所述的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其特征在于，所述精馏设备还包括氮气制冷系统，氮气制冷系统包括用于对氮气压缩的压缩机，压缩机的气体出口通过第二管路连通第一节流阀，所述第一节流阀通过回流管路连接压缩机的气体入口，所述氮气在压缩机与第一节流阀之间循环，第二管路依次经过一级换热器、甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器、二级换热器，第二管路中的氮气在一级换热器、甲烷精馏塔的塔底再沸器、二级换热器中冷却降温，回流管路依次经过甲烷精馏塔的塔顶冷凝器、二级换热器、一级换热器，回流管路中的氮气在甲烷精馏塔的塔顶冷凝器、二级换热器、一级换热器中提供冷量。
5.如权利要求4所述的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其特征在于，所述回流管路经过二级换热器后经过第二膨胀机的膨胀端，由所述第二膨胀机的膨胀端接出后，所述回流管路依次经过二级换热器、一级换热器，第二膨胀机的膨胀端用于使所述回流管路内的氮气膨胀降温。
6.如权利要求5所述的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的系统，其特征在于，所述甲烷精馏塔的底部的液化天然气出口与液化天然气排出管连通，液化天然气排出管经过二级换热器后与第二节流阀的入口连通，以使液化天然气排出管中的液化天然气通过二级换热器冷却降温后通过第二节流阀节流冷却降温。
7.一种利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的方法，其特征在于，包括：
利用精馏设备对炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气；
利用第一膨胀机的膨胀端使所述富氮气膨胀后返回精馏设备，以此为所述精馏设备提供冷量。
8.如权利要求7所述的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的方法，其特征在于，利用精馏设备对炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气包括：
对炭黑尾气进行初步冷却；
对初步冷却后炭黑尾气进行再次冷却；
对再次冷却后的炭黑尾气进行精馏，使炭黑尾气分离出富氮气、液化天然气。
9.如权利要求8所述的利用炭黑尾气制液化天然气的方法，其特征在于，在利用第一膨胀机的膨胀端使所述富氮气膨胀之前，对所述富氮气复温处理。
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