CN104824007A - Spreading oil for controlling rice blast - Google Patents
Spreading oil for controlling rice blast Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104824007A CN104824007A CN201510245437.6A CN201510245437A CN104824007A CN 104824007 A CN104824007 A CN 104824007A CN 201510245437 A CN201510245437 A CN 201510245437A CN 104824007 A CN104824007 A CN 104824007A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- prochloraz
- orysastrobin
- film
- spreading oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
The invention relates to a spreading oil for controlling rice blast. The invention is characterized in that the spreading oil is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1-20% of prochloraz, 0.1-20% of orysastrobin, 1-15% of surfactant, 1-30% of water surface diffusant, 0.1-5% of stabilizer and the balance of solvent. The weight ratio of the prochloraz to the orysastrobin is (5-1):(1-5). The spreading oil prepared from the prochloraz and orysastrobin can obviously enhance the control effect and prolong the persistent effect, saves the work, labor and water, obviously lowers the pesticide cost, and greatly lowers generation speed of pathogenic bacteria resistance and drug resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Prochloraz and the composite film-spreading oil solution for active component of orysastrobin (Orysastrobin), belong to pesticide field, be applicable to a bottle method of getting rid of, water surface exhibition embrane method and pesticide-clay mixture method dispenser control rice blast.
Background technology
Rice blast is one of important disease of paddy rice, can cause the significantly underproduction, and the underproduction 40% ~ 50% time serious, even No kernels or seeds are gathered, as in a year of scarcity.Mainly to cause harm blade, stem stalk, fringe portion.
Prochloraz, chemical name: N-propyl group-N-[2-(2,4,6-Trichlorophenoxy) ethyl] imidazoles-1-formamide, its structural formula is:
prochloraz is imidazoles high-effective broad-spectrum fungicide.It works by suppressing the biosynthesis of sterol, has the multiple actions such as prevention, protection and treatment, has splendid preventive effect to the multiple diseases that sac fungi and imperfect fungus cause.Rice blast, the banded sclerotial blight common to field crop, fruit tree leaves pinta, anthracnose, scab, the multiple diseases on melon beans rust, powdery mildew, turf and ornamental plants has splendid treatment and eradicant action.
Orysastrobin (Orysastrobin), chemical name is (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-2-{2-[(3E, 5E, 6E)-S-(methoxyimino)-4,6-dimethyl-2,8-dioxa-3,7-dioxa diene-1-in the ninth of the ten Heavenly Stems-3,6-base] phenyl }-N-methyl second phthalein amine.Orysastrobin is methoxy acrylic (strobilurin) bactericide of BASF Aktiengesellschaft's research and development, this kind of compound effects mechanism is unique, mainly formed inhibited to the spore-germination on pathogen life cycle, hapteron, hinder the Pyricularia oryzae, the sheath blight fungus mycelial growth that invade in paddy rice body, control the increase of morbidity stem strain, the bacterial strain producing resistance to other bactericide to some effectively and lasting effect is good.
Efficient medicament uses throughout the year, in a large number and frequently, causes multiple germ to produce serious resistance to it, is not suitable for single use.Conventional spray-on process efficiency is low, labour intensity is large, Environmental Residues is serious, is also difficult to adapt to implant mass area to the control requirement of damage by disease and insect.
Film-spreading oil solution, be again water surface diffusant, based on special aquatic environment feature, for improving dispenser efficiency, reduce labor intensity, hydrophobicity pesticide original medicine is dissolved in organic solvent and makes special " finish ", without the need to adding water or mixing soil when using this medicine, do not use any plant protection apparatus, point-like be administered to the water surface after, medicament is wavy rapid diffusion, be uniformly distributed rapidly full field, by non-covalent intermolecular key association, medicine film layer is formed at water surface, and be gathered in stem of plant base portion, by the siphonage of aquatic crops base portion, directly effectively can prevent and treat the multiple disease pest and weed of aquatic crops apart from the water surface 20 ~ 30 centimetres.Meanwhile, this medicament enters conduit by stem phloem, is transported to each position of crop, plays an effect protected for a long time, can reduce times for spraying, reduce labour cost to crop.
At present, active component Prochloraz has the open report of the formulations such as missible oil, thermal fog, kind clothing suspending agent, aqueous emulsion, microemulsion, soluble concentrate and wetting powder on document, but at home and abroad but there is not been reported for its film-spreading oil solution.Secondly active component orysastrobin common report having the single dose of granule and built agent to use in a large number at paddy field on document, but at home and abroad but there is not been reported with the composite film-spreading oil solution of Prochloraz.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that the single dose resistance development existed for above-mentioned prior art is fast, and drug effect is poor and use the problems such as regular dosage form efficiency is low, labour intensity is large, Environmental Residues is serious, provides a kind of film-spreading oil solution preventing and treating rice blast.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above taked technical scheme, a kind of film-spreading oil solution preventing and treating rice blast, be made up of the component of following weight percent content: Prochloraz 0.1% ~ 20%, orysastrobin 0.1% ~ 20%, surfactant 1% ~ 15%, water surface diffusant 1% ~ 30%, stabilizing agent 0.1% ~ 5%, solvent complements to 100%; Described Prochloraz and the weight ratio of orysastrobin are 5 ~ 1:1 ~ 5.
Described surfactant is at least one in fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, OPEO, alkylaryl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether, calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
Described water surface diffusant is at least one in triethyl group hexyl phosphoric acid, methyl anyl alcohol, guar gum or fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester.
Described stabilizing agent is at least one in benzoic acid, sorbic acid or dehydroactic acid;
Described solvent is following cited at least one:
(1) aromatic hydrocarbon solvent: dimethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, o-dichlorohenzene, durene, diethylbenzene, methyl naphthalene, diesel oil, gasoline and two wires oil;
(2) vegetable oil solvent class: soybean oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, corn oil, turpentine oil; Esterified vegetable oil: methyl oleate, ethyl oleate and dimethyl carbonate;
(3) other kind solvents: ether, acetophenone, n-octyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol and terpineol.
The application process of film-spreading oil solution of the present invention is for getting rid of a bottle method, water surface exhibition embrane method and pesticide-clay mixture method, and according to controlling object, a situation arises determines the consumption that is suitable for, and usual formulation rate is 1L ~ 5L/hm
2.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, labour intensity is low, and work preventive effect is high.Film-spreading oil solution does not need to use apparatus dispenser, need not be watered, and reduces labour intensity, average every day single can dispenser 80-100 mu, work efficiency be the 8-10 of conventional dispenser doubly.Meanwhile, orysastrobin and the composite specialty of Prochloraz prevent and treat rice blast, and resistance is low, and preventive effect is high.
2, the suppression to the different action site of mycelia is increased, delaying drug resistance, Synergistic.Due to a large amount of, single of conventional pesticide with frequently use, multiple germ is caused to produce serious resistance to it.Prochloraz and orysastrobin belong to the bactericide of the different mechanism of action, orysastrobin and Prochloraz is composite itself can not produce antagonism, add Prochloraz grows different target suppression to rice blast hypha, play delay resistance, expand the effect of target spectrum.
3, safety is high, mu cost is low.Film-spreading oil solution adopts low toxogen medicine and solvent, low to natural enemy insect, human body and herding toxicity.Residual few in use procedure, few to ecological threat, safety is high.Adopt the low medicament of resistance to combine with conventional dose, improve control efficiency, reduce mu cost.Meanwhile, this medicament adopts to spread and drips method dispenser, and release labour, labour cost is very low.
4, target administration, control efficiency is remarkable.Film-spreading oil solution can go directly paddy rice base portion, by inhaling target administration in phloem, improving paddy rice base portion liquor strength, significantly improving control efficiency.
In sum, by the film-spreading oil solution that Prochloraz and orysastrobin are made, can not only preventive effect be significantly improved, extend holding effect, and saving of labor, laborsaving and water-saving, significantly reduce pesticide cost, greatly reduce the generation of germ resistance and drug-fast generation speed simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, elaboration detailed is further done to the present invention.
Below test and undertaken by Guangxi Agricultural resource environment and agricultural product quality and safety Scientific Research in University Laboratory.
One, Toxicity Determination
Determine, after the effective inhibition concentration scope of each medicament, Prochloraz, orysastrobin and mixture preparation thereof to be diluted 5 concentration by active constituent content gradient series, compares with sterile water through prerun.Carry out with reference to " farm-chemical indoor determination test rule bactericide ", employing growth rate method measures, variable concentrations medicament is added in sterilizing culture dish, every ware 1mL, then add the PDA medium 10mL of sterilizing fusing, fully be mixed and made into flat board, again the bacterium colony spread cultivation is broken into=bacterium the dish of 0.8cm, 1, every ware, often process 4 times and repeat, be placed in 25 DEG C of insulating boxs to cultivate, every 24h measures colony diameter 1 time.Calculate Net growth rate, relative inhibition, mycelial growth inhibition rate is converted into probit value (y), liquor strength (μ g/mL) converts logarithm value (x) to, try to achieve virulence regression equation (y=a+bx) with method of least squares, and calculate the EC of often kind of medicament thus
50.The computing formula of bacteriostasis rate is as follows:
Mycelial growth inhibition rate (%)=(contrast colony diameter ﹣ process colony diameter)/contrast colony diameter × 100
Evaluate the synergistic effect of pharmacy mix according to the co-toxicity coefficient method (CTC) of the abundant method of Sun Yun, namely CTC≤80 are antagonism, and 80 ﹤ CTC ﹤ 120 are summation action, and CTC >=120 are synergistic effect.
Result of the test is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 orysastrobin, Prochloraz composition are to the toxicity test analysis of results table of rice sheath blight disease
| Reagent agent | Proportioning | Regression equation (y=a+bx) | Correlation coefficient | EC 50(mg/L) | Co-toxicity coefficient |
| Orysastrobin | / | y＝2.1503+1.2981x | 0.9902 | 9.86 | / |
| Prochloraz | / | y＝3.1725+1.6945x | 0.9912 | 14.99 | / |
| Orysastrobin: Prochloraz | 5:1 | y＝3.5334+1.4438x | 0.9945 | 8.16 | 138.8 |
| Orysastrobin: Prochloraz | 4:1 | y＝3.1968+1.9806x | 0.9939 | 7.14 | 158.1 |
| Orysastrobin: Prochloraz | 2:1 | y＝3.7056+1.5427x | 0.9952 | 6.85 | 169.4 |
| Orysastrobin: Prochloraz | 1:1 | y＝3.5989+1.6763x | 0.9902 | 7.35 | 156.8 |
| Orysastrobin: Prochloraz | 1:2 | y＝3.4705+1.6638x | 0.9989 | 7.56 | 151.4 |
| Orysastrobin: Prochloraz | 1:3 | y＝3.7841+1.5326x | 0.9924 | 8.06 | 155.7 |
| Orysastrobin: Prochloraz | 1:4 | y＝3.3541+1.7922x | 0.9977 | 8.09 | 149.3 |
| Orysastrobin: Prochloraz | 1:5 | y＝3.6541+1.4628x | 0.9948 | 8.36 | 125.5 |
As shown in Table 1, Prochloraz, orysastrobin are to the EC of rice sheath blight disease
50be respectively 14.99mg/L and 9.86mg/L, the toxicity index of orysastrobin is higher than the toxicity index of Prochloraz; Orysastrobin and Prochloraz mixture in 5:1 ~ 1:5 proportioning all shows obvious synergistic function, and when the percentage by weight of Prochloraz and orysastrobin is 1:2, co-toxicity coefficient is 169.4, and co-toxicity coefficient is the highest.
Two, preparation performance measurement
Prepare 10 film-spreading oil solution samples according to following table, measure the bacteriostatic activity that film forming stability, scalability and base portion remain medicament respectively, the assay method of each index is as follows:
Film forming stability: respectively get it filled agent 1ml, the instillation beaker water surface, observes its film forming stability, lower floor's water surface is dispersed to as there being medicament in 24h, then film forming stability is poor, is designated as " poor ", as 24h is dispersed to lower floor's water surface without medicament, part medicament is had to be dispersed to lower floor's water surface in 24-72h, then film forming stability is better, is designated as " good ", as being dispersed to lower floor's water surface without medicament after 72h, then film forming stability is good, is designated as " excellent ".
Scalability: respectively get it filled agent 1ml, the instillation water surface, measures its dilation angle, as dilation angle < 0.5m, then diffusion is poor, be designated as " poor ", as 0.5m < dilation angle < 2m, then diffusion is better, be designated as " good ", as dilation angle > 2m, then diffusion is good, is designated as " excellent ".
Base portion remains the bacteriostatic activity of medicament: after the dispenser of rice field, and the paddy rice base portion of 2 days, the 7 days above 0-3cm of the difference clip water surface, in indoor inoculation rice blast pathogen, inoculates 10 days " Invest, Then Investigate " incidences of disease.
Three, product preparation and application example
The present invention's the following example and field trial are described, but do not limit the scope of the invention and controlling object.
Embodiment 1:20.1% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
At normal temperatures and pressures, Prochloraz, orysastrobin and solvent are dropped in the reaction vessel of band stirring, low whipping speed is under 160 ~ 250 revs/min, solvent is by Prochloraz and orysastrobin stirring and dissolving, add surfactant again, abundant stirring 15 ~ 30 minutes, makes it mix, and obtains 20.1% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution.
According to the step identical with embodiment 1, following examples can be prepared.
Embodiment 2:21% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
Embodiment 3:20% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
Embodiment 4:20% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
Embodiment 5:19% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
Embodiment 6:14% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
Embodiment 7:23% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
Embodiment 8:23% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
Embodiment 9:23% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
Embodiment 10:22% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
Embodiment 11:20% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
Embodiment 12:20.1% Prochloraz orysastrobin film-spreading oil solution
Prepared a kind of film-spreading oil solution outward appearance of preventing and treating rice blast is homogeneous oily liquids; Under low temperature compatibility good ， – 5 DEG C of conditions, refrigeration 14d not crystallization and suspension; Volatility is low, and filter paper hangs sends out measurement result, and volatility is lower than 30%; To plant safety, without poisoning; Viscosity is less than 10mPas; Conductance is 1 × 10
-6~ 1 × 10
-10within the scope of s/cm.
Field medicine effect test
Prochloraz and the various formulation of the composite film-spreading oil solution of orysastrobin prevent and treat the field trial of rice blast
Dispenser place: in the paddy field of suburb, Leizhou City, Guangdong
Using method: embodiment 3,5,7,9,10 ultra low volume sprayer spraying, the conventional workers and peasants 16 type sprayer of 45% Prochloraz SC and 40% Isoprothiolane EC is sprayed respectively.
If each experimental plot area is rice area 40m
2, repeat 4 times, 7 days and 14 days investigation preventive effects after medicine, the method of investigation drug effect is: each community investigates 100 clumps, and every pocket gets a point by east, south, west, north, middle direction, investigates 20 clumps at often, record total strain number and diseased plant number at different levels, check the occurrence degree of rice blast.Result of the test is as table 2:
The control efficiency of table 2 various formulation control rice blast field trial
Field test results shows, a kind of film-spreading oil solution preventing and treating rice blast effectively can prevent and treat rice blast, under approximate equal effective ingredient consumption, and effect and be better than the control efficiency of Prochloraz and Isoprothiolane single dose.Simultaneously test show, film-spreading oil solution to the preventive effect of rice blast than suspending agent agent and missible oil good; Under equal effective ingredient consumption, film-spreading oil solution lasting effect is more better than suspending agent and missible oil.
Claims (2)
1. prevent and treat the film-spreading oil solution of rice blast for one kind, it is characterized in that, be made up of the component of following weight percent content: Prochloraz 0.1% ~ 20%, orysastrobin 0.1% ~ 20%, surfactant 1% ~ 15%, water surface diffusant 1% ~ 30%, stabilizing agent 0.1% ~ 5%, solvent complements to 100%; Described Prochloraz and the weight ratio of orysastrobin are 5 ~ 1:1 ~ 5.
2. the film-spreading oil solution of control rice blast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described surfactant is at least one in fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, OPEO, alkylaryl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, phenethyl phenol polyethenoxy ether, calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate;
Described water surface diffusant is at least one in triethyl group hexyl phosphoric acid, methyl anyl alcohol, guar gum or fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester;
Described stabilizing agent is at least one in benzoic acid, sorbic acid or dehydroactic acid;
Described solvent is following cited at least one:
(1) aromatic hydrocarbon solvent: dimethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, o-dichlorohenzene, durene, diethylbenzene, methyl naphthalene, diesel oil, gasoline and two wires oil;
(2) vegetable oil solvent class: soybean oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, corn oil, turpentine oil; Esterified vegetable oil: methyl oleate, ethyl oleate and dimethyl carbonate;
(3) other kind solvents: ether, acetophenone, n-octyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol and terpineol.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510245437.6A CN104824007A (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2015-05-14 | Spreading oil for controlling rice blast |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510245437.6A CN104824007A (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2015-05-14 | Spreading oil for controlling rice blast |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104824007A true CN104824007A (en) | 2015-08-12 |
Family
ID=53802539
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510245437.6A Pending CN104824007A (en) | 2015-05-14 | 2015-05-14 | Spreading oil for controlling rice blast |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104824007A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108402035A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2018-08-17 | 沧州鸿源农化有限公司 | A kind of water surface oil exhibition film auxiliary agent and its application method |
| CN111226969A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-05 | 华南农业大学 | Film-spreading oil agent for preventing and treating floating plants on water surface and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101080170A (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2007-11-28 | 巴斯福股份公司 | Method for preventing and controlling fungi disease in leguminous plants |
| CN101703077A (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2010-05-12 | 成都绿金高新技术股份有限公司 | Nimbin film-spreading oil solution |
| CN103348987A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-10-16 | 河北博嘉农业有限公司 | Film-spreading oil agent capable of preventing and curing rice banded sclerotial blight |
-
2015
- 2015-05-14 CN CN201510245437.6A patent/CN104824007A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101080170A (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2007-11-28 | 巴斯福股份公司 | Method for preventing and controlling fungi disease in leguminous plants |
| CN101703077A (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2010-05-12 | 成都绿金高新技术股份有限公司 | Nimbin film-spreading oil solution |
| CN103348987A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-10-16 | 河北博嘉农业有限公司 | Film-spreading oil agent capable of preventing and curing rice banded sclerotial blight |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 冯化成: "新颖水稻田用杀菌剂——肟醚菌胺", 《世界农药》 * |
| 陈永恩: "25%咪鲜胺EC防治水稻稻瘟病的效果", 《农技服务》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108402035A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2018-08-17 | 沧州鸿源农化有限公司 | A kind of water surface oil exhibition film auxiliary agent and its application method |
| CN108402035B (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2023-10-27 | 沧州鸿源农化有限公司 | Water surface oil spreading auxiliary agent and use method thereof |
| CN111226969A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-05 | 华南农业大学 | Film-spreading oil agent for preventing and treating floating plants on water surface and preparation method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105494387A (en) | Pesticide composition | |
| CN103380772B (en) | Oil suspending agent containing SYP-1620 | |
| CN104824013A (en) | Film-spreading oil agent containing chlorantraniliprole and chloronicotinyl insecticide | |
| CN105961399B (en) | Bactericidal composition and its application | |
| CN104322558A (en) | Sterilization composition and applications thereof | |
| CN101530096B (en) | Sterilizing composition compounded by metalaxyl and teasaponin and application thereof | |
| CN107027768A (en) | A kind of bactericide for being used to prevent and treat dendrobium candidum southern blight | |
| CN103125506B (en) | Pyrimethanil-containing bactericide composition | |
| CN104824007A (en) | Spreading oil for controlling rice blast | |
| CN104542585A (en) | Fungicide composition and application thereof | |
| CN101543221B (en) | Sterilizing composite compounded by mancozeb and tea saponin and application thereof | |
| CN106879608A (en) | Herbicidal combinations containing benzobicylon, pretilachlor and penoxsuam | |
| CN1311746C (en) | Bactericidal compositions of flumorph and enostroburin and synergist | |
| CN104738050A (en) | Ultralow-volume liquid formulation containing benzovindiflupyr and strobilurin bactericide composition | |
| CN105532657B (en) | It is a kind of for Herbicidal combinations of monocot crops and application thereof | |
| CN107318865A (en) | The composition pesticide of captan and furametpyr compounding | |
| CN114617127A (en) | Pesticide sterilization composition and application thereof | |
| CN111084191B (en) | Clothianidin and efficient cyfluthrin suspending agent and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102696682B (en) | Wanlongmycin dimethomorph suspending agent, preparation method thereof and application | |
| CN105432639A (en) | Sterilization composition for preventing and curing vegetable disease and application | |
| CN104886122A (en) | Compound composition containing dufulin and pyrazole amide bactericide and bactericide | |
| CN101564041A (en) | Bactericidal composition compounded by prochloraz and pyrimethanil | |
| CN110463709A (en) | Composition, preparation and its application | |
| CN106472547B (en) | A kind of composition pesticide containing chlorobenzene ether amide and Prochloraz | |
| CN107980777A (en) | A kind of bactericidal composition containing bromothalonil and eugenol |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| EXSB | Decision made by sipo to initiate substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20150812 |