CN104814273A - Nutritional composition for preventing fish gill hyperemia and rotted gill diseases caused by ammonia nitrogen and feed - Google Patents
Nutritional composition for preventing fish gill hyperemia and rotted gill diseases caused by ammonia nitrogen and feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN104814273A CN104814273A CN201510235697.5A CN201510235697A CN104814273A CN 104814273 A CN104814273 A CN 104814273A CN 201510235697 A CN201510235697 A CN 201510235697A CN 104814273 A CN104814273 A CN 104814273A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nutritional composition for preventing fish gill hyperemia and rotted gill diseases caused by ammonia nitrogen and a feed. The nutritional composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.04-2.45 parts of arginine, 0.00005-0.0003 part of folic acid and 0.0029-0.009 part of zinc. Due to the addition of the nutritional component within the range, fish gill hyperemia and rotted gill diseases caused by ammonia nitrogen in water can be effectively prevented, the occurrence rate of fish gill hyperemia and rotted gill diseases caused by ammonia nitrogen in water can be reduced, and gills and fishes can be kept healthy. The nutritional composition has the advantages of convenience in use, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fish culture field, concrete, relate to a kind of prevention and cause the nutrition prescription of the hyperemia of fish gill portion and gill rot due to ammonia nitrogen in water and contain the feed of this prescription.
Background technology
Because the flesh of fish is rich in high-quality protein, several kinds of mineral elements and vitamin, be improve diet structure, improve one of important meat of human health level, its consumption figure rapidly increases, and the fishery-ies product of current China consumption per head accounts for nearly 1/3 of meat total amount.Huge consumption demand amount only reliable highdensity intensive culture realizes.But intensive high density is propagated artificially while increasing substantially cultured output, but increase along with breeding water body ammonia-nitrogen content, cause ammonia nitrogen severe overweight in breeding water body.In water, ammonia nitrogen excess brings out the primary chemical molecule of the gill hyperemia of cultivation fish and gill rot.After ammonia nitrogen invades fish body in water, mainly cause fish gill tissue eucaryotic cell structure to change, be embodied in gill hyperemia and gill rot, fish are had difficulty in breathing, affects fish growth speed, cause fish kills, year, economic loss was up to more than 6,000,000,000 yuan.Therefore, the fish gill seeking to prevent to cause due to ammonia nitrogen in water technology that is congested and gill rot is current fish culture exigence the most.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide one and can effectively prevents because ammonia nitrogen in water causes the hyperemia of fish gill portion and gill rot, reduce the congested incidence of the gill and gill rot incidence that in water, ammonia nitrogen causes, ensure the nutrition prescription of fish gill health and the feed containing prescription.
The present invention's adopted technical scheme that solves the problem is, a kind of prevention is provided to cause the nutrition prescription of the congested and gill rot in fish gill portion due to ammonia nitrogen, comprise the component of following weight portion: arginine 1.04-2.45 weight portion, folic acid 0.00005-0.0003 weight portion, zinc 0.0029-0.009 weight portion.
Prevention causes a nutrition prescription for the hyperemia of fish gill portion and gill rot due to ammonia nitrogen, is made up of: arginine 1.04-2.45 weight portion, folic acid 0.00005-0.0003 weight portion, zinc 0.0029-0.009 weight portion the component of following weight portion.
Preferably, in described nutrition prescription, the weight portion of each component is: arginine 1.23-2.05 weight portion, folic acid 0.0001-0.0002 weight portion, zinc 0.0044-0.009 weight portion.
Preferably, in described nutrition prescription, the weight portion of each component is: arginine 1.42-2.05 weight portion, folic acid 0.0001-0.0002 weight portion, zinc 0.0044-0.0078 weight portion.
Preferably, in described nutrition prescription, the weight portion of each component is: arginase 12 .45 weight portion, folic acid 0.00005 weight portion, zinc 0.0029 weight portion.
Wherein, described arginine is fish essential amino acids, can improve fish digestive ferment and enteron aisle brush border enzyme gene expression and vigor, promotes that sashimi (raw fish) is long; Improve enteron aisle enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation resistance.
Wherein, described folic acid is the necessary water soluble vitamin of fish, is that blood cell development is grown, enteron aisle digestive function and animal growth institute required, improve protein synthesis capacity, maintain immune system normal function.
Wherein, described zinc is the essential trace element of fish, can improve fish amount, feed efficiency and growth performance; Muscle pH, collagen content, shearing force and Coefficient shrinkage; Head-kidney, spleen, serum and enteron aisle TAC, antalzyme activity, Complement C_3 and IgM content, strengthen immunologic function.
Each nutriment in nutrition prescription of the present invention separately, all well-known to those skilled in the art, and it has a certain impact (as mentioned before for the healthy tool of the blood cell development of fish body, muscle or enteron aisle separately, this is no longer going to repeat them), but resist in ammonia nitrogen stress ability at the enhancing fish gill and do not have bibliographical information.Congested and the gill rot of the gill caused along with the increase of intensive, the water body ammonia-nitrogen content of cultivation, badly influence fish culture, the present inventor is found by the scientific experiment of system: by above-mentioned each independent nutriment to be used as nutrition prescription after specific ratio mixing, the ability that the fish gill resists ammonia nitrogen stress in water can be significantly improved, minimizing causes the generation of the hyperemia of fish gill portion and gill rot due to ammonia nitrogen in water, ensures the healthy development of the fish gill.This technological invention is the important leverage that China culture fishery develops in a healthy way, be also Safety of Aquatic Products in the urgent need to.
Nutrition prescription of the present invention can effectively prevent because ammonia nitrogen in water causes the generation of the congested and gill rot in fish gill portion, and gill hyperemia and gill rot incidence do not use the situation of this nutrition prescription to reduce more than 80% and 79% respectively, improve successful.
A kind of feed containing described nutrition prescription.
Wherein, in the feed of 100 weight portions, the nutrition prescription containing 1-2.4wt%.
Wherein, the basal feed in feed of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the basal feed that those skilled in the art commonly use is all available, concrete as fish meal, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, cotton dregs, secondary powder, fish oil, soya-bean oil, wheat bran, rice bran etc.
Nutrition prescription of the present invention and the feed containing this nutrition prescription are applicable to the cultured freshwater fish such as grass carp, carp, are particularly useful for grass carp.
In sum, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. can effectively prevent because ammonia nitrogen in water causes the generation of the congested and gill rot in fish gill portion, the guarantee gill and body health by adding the nutrition prescription of scope of the present invention;
2. promote fish growth, improve feed efficiency.There is easy to use, low cost and other advantages;
3. adopt nutrition prescription of the present invention not adopt nutrition prescription of the present invention to feed and cultivate fish, gill hyperemia and gill rot incidence reduce more than 80% and 79% respectively.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The traditional test methods that performance test in the present invention adopts those skilled in the art to commonly use.
Embodiment 1
Get arginine 1.42 weight portion, folic acid 0.0001 weight portion, zinc 0.0044 weight portion, obtained nutrition prescription S1 after mixing.
In order to verify effect of the present invention, nutrition prescription of the present invention be applied in Sichuan, Chongqing, 12 plants in Guangxi grass carp upper (body weight is at 277-280g) test.Test fish is divided into test group and control group two groups, and each processed group establishes 3 repetitions, and each repetition 450 tail fish, between group, original body mass is without significant difference.The daily ration of test group is the fish meal adding above-mentioned nutrition prescription S1 according to the 1.4wt% of fish meal gross weight; The daily ration of control group is the fish meal of the identical weight of not adding nutrition prescription S1.Two processed group fishes are thrown something and fed 4 times every day, and each feeding volume is according to the actual situation and determining of ingesting.Duration of test regularly carries out routine disinfection sterilization.Weigh after feeding 56 days, eachly repeat selection 30 tail fish and sample, carry out ammonia nitrogen stress experiment, experimental group and control group 15ppm NH
4 +coerce 72 hours, period not feeding and change water.After stress experiment terminates, the fish tail number of the hyperemia of the statistics gill and gill rot, and be recorded in following table 1.
The fish of ammonia nitrogen stress shows as floating head, and mouth opens very large, and show as severe depletion of oxygen, gill edge turns white.
Embodiment 2
Get arginase 12 .45 weight portion, folic acid 0.00005 weight portion, zinc 0.0029 weight portion, obtained nutrition prescription S2 after mixing.
Embodiment 3
Get arginine 1.04 weight portion, folic acid 0.0003 weight portion, zinc 0.009 weight portion, obtained nutrition prescription S3 after mixing.
Comparative example 1
Get arginine 0.44 weight portion, folic acid 0.003 weight portion, zinc 0.0011 weight portion, obtained nutrition prescription DS1 after mixing.
Comparative example 2
Get arginine 4.78 weight portion, folic acid 0.00001 weight portion, zinc 0.015 weight portion, obtained nutrition prescription DS2 after mixing.
The mode that above-described embodiment 2-3, comparative example 1-2 are identical with embodiment 1 is tested, and S2, S3, DS1, DS2 addition is respectively 1wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.4wt%, 1wt% of fish meal total amount.Every data respectively in testing example 2-3 and comparative example 1-2 also will the results are shown in following table 1.
Table 1
| Control group | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Initial weight (g/ tail) | 278 | 279 | 277 | 278 | 279 | 278 |
| End heavy (g/ tail) | 613 | 640 | 625 | 639 | 616 | 607 |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 121 | 129 | 126 | 131 | 121 | 119 |
| Feed efficiency (%) | 58 | 63 | 61 | 60 | 56 | 53 |
| Fish tail number (tail) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Congested fish tail number (tail) of the gill | 41 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 44 | 44 |
| The congested rate (%) of the gill | 45.6 | 10 | 5.6 | 8.9 | 48.9 | 48.9 |
| Gill rot fish tail number (tail) | 34 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 33 | 30 |
| Gill rot rate (%) | 37.8 | 8.9 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 36.7 | 33.3 |
As can be seen from upper table 1, relative to control group, after adopting the nutrition prescription feeding cultivation fish of formula of the present invention, when ammonia nitrogen stress is tested, the fish generation gill of experimental group (embodiment 1-3) mantissa that is congested and gill rot declines to a great extent compared with there is gill fish tail number that is congested and gill rot in control group, the congested fish tail number of the gill of control group is about more than 4.5 times of experimental group, and the gill rot fish tail number of control group is about more than 4.25 times of experimental group.Show, the nutrition prescription of filling a prescription described in the application effectively can improve the anti-ammonia nitrogen stress ability of cultivation fish, reduces the congested rate of the gill and the gill rot rate of cultivation fish.
And, compared by embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-2, can find out, the content of each nutriment of composition nutrition prescription has larger impact for the anti-ammonia nitrogen stress ability cultivating fish, compared to the nutrition prescription adopted not in scope of the present invention, the anti-ammonia nitrogen stress ability of the cultivation fish adopting the nutrition prescription in scope of the present invention to feed is excellent, the congested incidence of the gill and gill rot rate decline significantly, the gill fish tail number that is congested and gill rot caused due to ammonia nitrogen significantly reduces, in ammonia nitrogen stress experiment, the congested incidence of the gill of cultivation fish can control below 10%, more even can control below 6%, the gill rot rate of cultivation fish can control below 9%, and the anti-ammonia nitrogen stress ability of the cultivation fish adopting the nutrition prescription not in scope of the present invention to feed is improved not obvious, the anti-ammonia nitrogen stress ability of the cultivation fish that nutrition prescription also may do not adopted even to feed, in ammonia nitrogen stress experiment, the congested incidence of the gill of the cultivation fish of comparative example 1-2 can reach more than 48.9%, the gill rot rate of cultivation fish can reach more than 33.3%, the congested fish tail number of the gill of comparative example 1-2 is about more than 4.8 times of embodiment 1-3, and the gill rot fish tail number of comparative example 1-2 is about more than 3.75 times of embodiment 1-3.
As can be seen from embodiment 1-3, the gill of embodiment 2 fish tail number that is congested and gill rot is obviously less, the congested fish tail number of the gill of embodiment 1 close to the twice of embodiment 2, therefore, the prescription of proportioning shown in nutrition prescription more preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Separately, it can also be seen that from upper table 1, the fish of experimental group grows and more excellent all compared with control group and comparative example 1-2 of feed efficiency.
In sum, nutrition prescription of the present invention and the feed containing this nutrition prescription all can effectively prevent because ammonia nitrogen in water causes the hyperemia of fish gill portion and gill rot, and the gill hyperemia that in reduction water, ammonia nitrogen causes and gill rot occur, and ensure the cheek and fish body health; Can fish growth be promoted simultaneously, improve feed efficiency.There is easy to use, low cost and other advantages.
Carry out identical test to other freshwater fishes in the same manner as example 1, all can obtain above-mentioned beneficial effect, the gill hyperemia that in obvious reduction water, ammonia nitrogen causes and gill rot occur, and ensure the cheek and fish body health.
As mentioned above, the present invention can be realized preferably.
Claims (7)
1. the fish gill hyperemia preventing ammonia nitrogen to cause and a nutrition prescription for gill rot, is characterized in that, comprise the component of following weight portion: arginine 1.04-2.45 weight portion, folic acid 0.00005-0.0003 weight portion, zinc 0.0029-0.009 weight portion.
2. the fish gill hyperemia preventing ammonia nitrogen to cause and a nutrition prescription for gill rot, is characterized in that, be made up of the component of following weight portion: arginine 1.04-2.45 weight portion, folic acid 0.00005-0.0003 weight portion, zinc 0.0029-0.009 weight portion.
3. the nutrition prescription of the congested and gill rot of the fish gill that causes of prevention ammonia nitrogen according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described arginine is 1.23-2.05 weight portion, and described folic acid is 0.0001-0.0002 weight portion, and described zinc is 0.0044-0.009 weight portion.
4. the nutrition prescription of the congested and gill rot of the fish gill that causes of prevention ammonia nitrogen according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described arginine is 1.42-2.05 weight portion, and described folic acid is 0.0001-0.0002 weight portion, and described zinc is 0.0044-0.0078 weight portion.
5. the nutrition prescription of the congested and gill rot of the fish gill that causes of prevention ammonia nitrogen according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, arginine is 2.45 weight portions, and described folic acid is 0.00005 weight portion, and described zinc is 0.0029 weight portion.
6. the feed containing, for example nutrition prescription according to any one of claim 1 to 5.
7. feed according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in the feed of 100 weight portions, and the nutrition prescription containing 1-2.4wt%.
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Cited By (5)
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| NO20161256A1 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-02-15 | Skretting Aquaculture Res Centre As | Composition for treatment of mucus on fish gills |
| WO2017030443A1 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-02-23 | Trouw International B.V. | Composition for treatment of mucus on fish gills |
| NO341779B1 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-01-15 | Skretting Aquaculture Res Centre As | Composition for treatment of mucus on fish gills |
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Application publication date: 20150805 |