CN1048129A - 同步机 - Google Patents
同步机 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1048129A CN1048129A CN90104083A CN90104083A CN1048129A CN 1048129 A CN1048129 A CN 1048129A CN 90104083 A CN90104083 A CN 90104083A CN 90104083 A CN90104083 A CN 90104083A CN 1048129 A CN1048129 A CN 1048129A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- armature
- magnet
- utmost point
- synchronous motor
- magnetic pole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
- H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/06—Magnetic cores, or permanent magnets characterised by their skew
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
一种同步机,它包括有n个绕线极的电枢以及有n-1个磁极的永久磁铁,所述的永久磁铁向旋转方向倾斜磁化。
Description
本发明涉及一种同步机(synchronous machine),其中磁化的永久磁铁相对于绕线电枢旋转时产生电能或运动转矩。
常规的直流发电机、直流电动机、同步发电机和同步电动机一般分为旋转电枢型和旋转磁场型,而那些采用永久磁铁的发电机大都属于旋转磁场型。
无论哪种,磁极和电枢极都以整数比布置,如1∶1或1∶2。磁极磁铁在与电枢线圈正交的方向上磁化并自转。为了使磁极附近的磁场达到所需要的值,通常要考虑磁极和气隙的形状。
在常规的直流发电机中,由于磁极磁铁是在与电枢相对旋转方向正交的方向上磁化的,当磁极和电枢极直接相对时,产生最大的吸引力。相反,在各磁极间的凹处,吸引力突然下降,这样电枢旋转时就产生强烈的齿槽效应,需要大的转矩,因此,旋转运动趋于不平稳。
本发明的目的是提供一种解决了上述常规发电机或电动机中所遇到的问题诸如同步发电机和同步电动机之类的同步机,比如解决了使电枢旋转不平稳从而使相对于机械输入的发电效率降低的大齿槽效应转矩问题,因此可以较小的输入得到较大的输出。
本发明提供了一种同步机,它包括具有n个绕线极的电枢,还有与电枢相对旋转并有n-1个磁极的永久磁铁,所述永久磁铁向旋转方向倾斜磁化。
图1是本发明一个实施例的整个构件的剖视图,它属于外转子型发电机。
图2是电枢铁心的正视图。
图3是有9极电枢线圈的一个实例。
图4是磁铁的正视图。
图5是表示磁化状态的部分展开图。
图6是表示测量状态的电路图。
图7为不同转速下发电电压、电流和转矩相对于负载的特性曲线图。
图1中,1为空心的固定轴,转轴2穿过其中并由轴承3支承。
电枢铁心4固定在固定轴1上,其上的9个电枢极n1-n9(本实施例中n=9)的配置如图2所示,每个电枢极(n1-n9)上绕有线圈。图3示出了奇数电枢极的绕线方法。A相线组和连接导线用实线--表示,B相用------表示,C相用-·-·-表示。每相包括三个绕线极,共有三相(3×3),正好9个极n1-n9。
在图1所示的剖视图中,电枢线圈用5表示。
磁铁7安装在固定于转轴2上的旋转架6上,靠近上述电枢铁心4的极靴4a的周缘。
所述磁铁7的N极和S极在内表面交替布置,而且磁化方向倾斜于磁铁圆柱中心线,如图4和图5所示。
磁极数目为8个。因此,多极磁铁7和有多电枢极n1-n9的电枢铁芯总是只能有一对极相互直接相对,而不会同时还有其它极直接相对。
由于极性向磁铁7的旋转方向倾斜,所产生的实际吸引力在上述那对相对的磁极两边的交迭角度范围内就不会剧烈变化。
例如,随着相对的那对磁极间的吸引力由于磁铁7的一个极转过位置1而减弱,磁铁7的另一个极和下一个位置2间产生的排斥力逐渐增大,这样就抑制了实际吸引力的降低。由于这些现象间的关系几乎是相反的,所以由磁铁7和电枢4之间的吸引力所形成的齿槽效应转矩几乎没有变化。
同时,如电路图所示(图6),三组线圈5的一端连接在一起,形成了Y形接线。
所述各线圈的另一端分别与二极管D1a和D1b、D2a和D2b、D3a和D3b之间的一点相连接。所述二极管D1a、D2a、D3a和D1b、D2b、D3b各自相互成对连接,并共同接有负载R。
这样,就构成了DC发电机,其中电流只沿一个方向流过负载R。
而且,磁铁7的磁极如上述倾斜,在电枢的一个极与一个磁铁的一个极对准之前和之后所产生的磁通密度变化很小。这样,线圈5内所产生的电流几乎不变,从而降低直流电压波动。
图7示出了发电电压、发电电流和转矩与转轴2的转速的关系曲线,此时发电机连接有电压表V和安培表A,而负载电阻的值分别为0、10、100、470、1000欧姆以及无穷大。
实验中,电枢铁心4的外径为39.4毫米,磁铁7内径为40毫米,线圈5为0.16毫米的绝缘铜导线绕140匝,绕线电阻为9.3欧姆。
本发明中,可以让内部的电枢铁心旋转,而不是必须外部的磁铁旋转。在这种情况下,可采用常规的电刷集电方法引出电力。
虽然上面只对发电机描述了本发明,很显然也可运用于电动机,因为发电机和电动机的机构是基本相同的。
本发明中,当旋转磁场型发电机的磁铁磁化成具有倾斜的磁极时,NS磁路被拉长了,同时,N和S之间的磁场分布加宽了。由于N极处的吸引力和S极处的排斥力相互抵消,N极和相邻S极之间的交迭区的齿槽效应转矩就减小了。
而且,电枢有n个极,而磁铁有n-1个极,这样,齿槽效应转矩的减小还可归因于在任一时刻只有一个电枢极和一个磁极直接相对。因此,齿槽效应损失为最小。
若采用损失极小的SIT之类整流元件,还可使损失更小。由于是永久磁铁,不会产生励磁电流损失。
另一方面,穿过电枢线圈的磁通密度在其顶峰处被削平,呈梯形的波形,这样,当电流经二极管变成直流时,有较高的转变效率。
换句话说,本发明的同步机在机械方面和电气方面的能量损失都极小,可以较小的输入获得较大的输出。
Claims (1)
1、一种同步机,其特征在于,包括具有n个绕线极的电枢和与所述电枢相对旋转并有n-1个磁极的永久磁铁,所述的磁铁上向旋转方向倾斜磁化。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP137414/89 | 1989-06-01 | ||
JP13741489 | 1989-06-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1048129A true CN1048129A (zh) | 1990-12-26 |
CN1023855C CN1023855C (zh) | 1994-02-16 |
Family
ID=15198078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN90104083A Expired - Fee Related CN1023855C (zh) | 1989-06-01 | 1990-06-01 | 同步机 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0431178B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100246655B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1023855C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE122507T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU645498B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9006786A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2033170C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69019315T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0431178T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2072437T3 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO303038B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2069441C1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1990015467A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103997175A (zh) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-08-20 | 北斗航天(北京)卫星传输技术服务有限公司 | 一种独立绕线的外转子电机 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2778327B1 (fr) * | 1998-05-07 | 2000-06-30 | Seb Sa | Dispositif d'aspiration |
WO2004047258A2 (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-06-03 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Magnetic structure and motor employing said magnetic structure, and driver comprising said motor |
RU2305359C2 (ru) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-08-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью научно-производственная фирма "Особые сварочные агрегаты" (ООО НПФ "ОСА") | Синхронный генератор с возбуждением от постоянных магнитов, преимущественно сварочный |
RU2507667C2 (ru) * | 2012-02-14 | 2014-02-20 | Динар Мударисович Дусаев | Магнитный генератор |
RU2548662C1 (ru) * | 2014-06-05 | 2015-04-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет" | Синхронный генератор с возбуждением от постоянных магнитов |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1567136A (zh) * | 1966-12-30 | 1969-05-16 | ||
JPS5944957A (ja) * | 1982-09-06 | 1984-03-13 | Hitachi Ltd | 導通制御手段を有する電気機械 |
JPS59220061A (ja) * | 1983-05-25 | 1984-12-11 | Takahashi Yoshiteru | 5相のブラシレス直流電動機 |
US4782259A (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1988-11-01 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Frequency generator and motor with the same |
JPS61244249A (ja) * | 1985-04-20 | 1986-10-30 | Fanuc Ltd | 交流電動機 |
US4774428A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1988-09-27 | Synektron Corporation | Compact three-phase permanent magnet rotary machine having low vibration and high performance |
JPS63316648A (ja) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-23 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 回転電機及びその電機子巻線の巻線方式 |
JPS648853A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-12 | Yaskawa Denki Seisakusho Kk | Skewed brushless rotary electric machine |
US4933584A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-06-12 | General Electric Company | Electronically commutated motor having skewed magnetics |
-
1990
- 1990-06-01 CN CN90104083A patent/CN1023855C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-01 DE DE69019315T patent/DE69019315T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-01 WO PCT/JP1990/000713 patent/WO1990015467A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1990-06-01 AT AT90908621T patent/ATE122507T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-01 BR BR909006786A patent/BR9006786A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-01 DK DK90908621.7T patent/DK0431178T3/da active
- 1990-06-01 RU SU4894702/07A patent/RU2069441C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-01 EP EP90908621A patent/EP0431178B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-01 AU AU57203/90A patent/AU645498B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-06-01 KR KR1019910700117A patent/KR100246655B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-01 CA CA002033170A patent/CA2033170C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-06-01 ES ES90908621T patent/ES2072437T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-01-31 NO NO910367A patent/NO303038B1/no unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103997175A (zh) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-08-20 | 北斗航天(北京)卫星传输技术服务有限公司 | 一种独立绕线的外转子电机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0431178A1 (en) | 1991-06-12 |
NO910367D0 (no) | 1991-01-31 |
EP0431178A4 (en) | 1991-10-30 |
ATE122507T1 (de) | 1995-05-15 |
WO1990015467A1 (fr) | 1990-12-13 |
KR920702064A (ko) | 1992-08-12 |
CN1023855C (zh) | 1994-02-16 |
KR100246655B1 (ko) | 2000-03-15 |
AU5720390A (en) | 1991-01-07 |
DE69019315T2 (de) | 1995-09-21 |
CA2033170C (en) | 1998-01-27 |
EP0431178B1 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
NO303038B1 (no) | 1998-05-18 |
RU2069441C1 (ru) | 1996-11-20 |
ES2072437T3 (es) | 1995-07-16 |
NO910367L (no) | 1991-01-31 |
BR9006786A (pt) | 1991-08-13 |
DK0431178T3 (da) | 1995-07-10 |
CA2033170A1 (en) | 1990-12-02 |
DE69019315D1 (de) | 1995-06-14 |
AU645498B2 (en) | 1994-01-20 |
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