CN104808392A - 显示基板、显示基板的制备方法和显示装置 - Google Patents

显示基板、显示基板的制备方法和显示装置 Download PDF

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CN104808392A
CN104808392A CN201510263087.6A CN201510263087A CN104808392A CN 104808392 A CN104808392 A CN 104808392A CN 201510263087 A CN201510263087 A CN 201510263087A CN 104808392 A CN104808392 A CN 104808392A
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base plate
display
liquid crystal
color membrane
membrane substrates
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左雄灿
张俊瑞
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Chengdu BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Chengdu BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201510263087.6A priority Critical patent/CN104808392A/zh
Publication of CN104808392A publication Critical patent/CN104808392A/zh
Priority to US15/136,453 priority patent/US20160341998A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133636—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with twisted orientation, e.g. comprising helically oriented LC-molecules or a plurality of twisted birefringent sublayers
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
    • G02F1/1395—Optically compensated birefringence [OCB]- cells or PI- cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
    • H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133633—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation using mesogenic materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/02—Number of plates being 2
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/10—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with refractive index ellipsoid inclined, or tilted, relative to the LC-layer surface O plate
    • G02F2413/105—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with refractive index ellipsoid inclined, or tilted, relative to the LC-layer surface O plate with varying inclination in thickness direction, e.g. hybrid oriented discotic LC

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Abstract

本发明属于显示技术领域，具体涉及一种显示基板、显示基板的制备方法和显示装置。该显示基板包括对合设置的彩膜基板、阵列基板以及设置于所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板之间的液晶层，在所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板朝向所述液晶层的一侧分别设置有取向层，在所述彩膜基板与所述取向层之间、所述阵列基板与所述取向层之间还包括视角补偿层。该显示基板具有较好的锚定液晶取向的效果，因此能获得较好的广视角显示质量。

Description

显示基板、显示基板的制备方法和显示装置
技术领域
本发明属于显示技术领域，具体涉及一种显示基板、显示基板的制备方法和显示装置。
背景技术
TN型(ECB型或OCB型等)液晶显示装置由于自身的液晶排列方式，视角都很窄(大约为40°左右)。为了针对视角进行补偿，目前最普遍且唯一的做法是日本FujiFilm公司在偏光片中的TAC基膜上涂覆(Coating)一层盘状液晶分子(Discotic Liquidcrystal，简称DLC)，通过使DLC的取向与液晶盒内的液晶分子(Liquid crystal，简称LC)的取向反平行，从而起到拓宽视角的作用(从大约40°左右拓宽到大约80°左右)。
上述广视角TN型液晶显示装置的具体结构如图1所示，该显示装置主要由彩膜基板21和阵列基板22构成液晶盒，其中彩膜基板和阵列基板上涂覆取向层3，取向层3的初始取向方向如图1中虚线箭头所示，使TN型液晶分子4的取向方向形成如图1所示的渐变角度排列。同时，在彩膜基板21上的偏光片1主要是由表面处理层11、上TAC层12、PVA层13、下TAC层14和涂覆在下TAC层14上的DLC层15以及PSA层16构成，其中的DLC层15形成与液晶分子4互补的渐变角度排列的取向方向151，PSA层16起到将偏光片1粘附在彩膜基板上的作用。同理，在阵列基板上的偏光片5主要是由PSA层56、上TAC层54和涂覆在上TAC层54上的DLC层55以及PVA层53和下TAC层52构成，DLC层55形成与液晶分子4互补的取向方向551。
上述结构的液晶显示装置在高温高湿或冷热冲击等信赖性环境下，偏光片1、5中的PSA层16、56和TAC(三醋酸纤维素酯)层12、14、52、54极易发生收缩(如图2所示，PSA压敏胶和DLC-TAC发生收缩)，导致TAC基膜上的DLC层15、55受到应力的变化，DLC的长轴方向发生紊乱，与LC的长轴方向变为非垂直的取向关系，进而导致里面的液晶分子取向方向151、551也发生紊乱，导致沙漏Mura不良显示现象发生，产生如图3所示的杂乱的取向方向1511、5511，此时两者总体的双折射性很大，起不到视角补偿的作用，造成沙漏mura不良显示现象的发生。这种现象在大尺寸产品上表现最为明显，且到目前为止偏光片厂家没有有效的改善方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中存在的上述不足，提供一种显示基板、显示基板的制备方法和显示装置，该显示基板具有较好的锚定液晶分子取向的效果，且性能稳定，能获得较好的广视角显示质量。
解决本发明技术问题所采用的技术方案是该显示基板，包括对合设置的彩膜基板、阵列基板以及设置于所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板之间的液晶层，在所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板朝向所述液晶层的一侧分别设置有取向层，其中，在所述彩膜基板与所述取向层之间、所述阵列基板与所述取向层之间还包括视角补偿层。
优选的是，该所述视角补偿层采用RM材料形成。
优选的是，所述视角补偿层的厚度范围为1μm-3μm。
优选的是，在所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板远离所述液晶层的一侧还分别设置有偏光片。
优选的是，该所述显示基板包括TN型、ECB型或OCB型结构。
一种显示基板的制备方法，所述显示基板包括彩膜基板、阵列基板以及设置于所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板之间的液晶层，在所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板朝向所述液晶层的一侧分别形成有取向层，其中，该制备方法还包括在所述彩膜基板与所述取向层之间、所述阵列基板与所述取向层之间形成视角补偿层的步骤。
优选的是，所述视角补偿层采用RM材料形成。
优选的是，所述视角补偿层的形成包括：
将RM材料通过涂覆方式形成在彩膜基板或阵列基板的一侧；
加热预固化RM材料；
通过UV光配向工艺对RM材料进行定向。
UV光波长范围为320nm～420nm。
优选的是，加热预固化RM材料为恒温加热方式，加热温度范围为115～125℃；UV光波长范围为320nm～420nm。
一种显示装置，包括上述的显示基板。
本发明的有益效果是：该显示基板利用RM材料具有固定聚合液晶相的特性，通过将其制作在显示基板内对显示视角进行补偿，相比目前通过在液晶盒外的偏光片基材里面制作DLC膜的技术手段，可以避免后者在高温高湿或冷热冲击条件下，因偏光片基材中的DLC层液晶分子排列紊乱而造成的沙漏mura显示不良现象，在一定程度上提升了液晶显示装置在高信赖性环境下的画面品质；
相应的，采用该显示基板的显示装置具有较佳的广视角显示效果，能获得更好的视角体验。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中显示基板的结构示意图；
图2为图1显示基板中的偏光片在冷热冲击条件下的结构示意图；
图3为图1中显示基板在图2冷热冲击条件下的取向示意图；
图4为本发明实施例1中显示基板的结构示意图；
图5A和图5B为RM材料的分子式；
图6为RM材料聚合形成视角补偿层的示意图；
图中：
1、5－偏光片；11－表面处理层；12、54－上TAC层；13、53－PVA层；14、52－下TAC层；15、55－DLC层；16、56－PSA层；151、551、1511、5511－取向方向；
21－彩膜基板；22－阵列基板；
3－取向层；
4－液晶分子；
5－UV光；
6、7－视角补偿层；61、71－取向方向；
8、9－普通偏光片。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明显示基板、显示基板的制备方法和显示装置作进一步详细描述。
实施例1：
本实施例提供一种显示基板，该显示基板具有较好的锚定液晶取向的效果，因此能获得较好的显示质量。
如图4所示，该显示基板包括对合设置的彩膜基板21、阵列基板22以及设置于彩膜基板21和阵列基板22之间的液晶层，在彩膜基板21和阵列基板22朝向液晶层的一侧分别设置有取向层3，在彩膜基板21与取向层3之间、阵列基板22与取向层3之间还包括视角补偿层
其中，该视角补偿层采用RM(Reactive Mesogens，活性基)材料形成。目前，RM材料主要由Merck公司开发，典型的RM材料为反应性偶氮苯液晶性材料，具有永久固定的聚合液晶相的特性。其中，其单丙烯酸酯RM材料分子式如图5A所示，二丙烯酸酯RM材料分子式如图5B所示。根据需要，其允许添加额外的活性基团聚合获得对电光液晶材料具有相似性能的核心体，例如，根据添加的活性基团的不同以及采用适当的涂层方法，可以获得适当的光学性能、耐久性的薄膜。
在本实施例中，即通过将RM材料涂覆在阵列基板22和彩膜基板21上，加热预固化RM材料，然后通过紫外固化液晶相对RM材料定向，使得RM材料液晶分子的长轴方向与LC的长轴方向接近垂直的取向关系，使两者总体的双折射性达到最小，起到视角补偿的作用，进而对由彩膜基板21和阵列基板22形成的液晶盒中的液晶起到延伸取向的效果。
优选的是，视角补偿层的厚度范围为1μm-3μm，优选为2μm，能获得较好的视角补偿效果。
为了实现背光光线的控制，在彩膜基板21和阵列基板22远离液晶层的一侧还分别设置有偏光片。该偏光片使用普通偏光片8、9即可，无需使用背景技术部分提及的结构复杂的、含有DLC液晶分子层的偏光片。
如图4所示以TN型液晶显示基板实现广视角为例进行详细说明。图4中，该显示基板主要由彩膜基板21和阵列基板22构成液晶盒，在彩膜基板21内侧涂覆上一层RM材料，通过恒温加热预固化RM材料，并利用UV光配向工艺针对RM材料进行定向形成视角补偿层6，其取向方向如图4中上方所示的渐变角度排列的取向方向61；然后在视角补偿层6上涂覆取向层3，取向层3的初始取向方向如图4中虚线箭头所示，使TN型液晶分子4的取向方向形成与之角度渐变趋势相衔接的取向方向。
同理，在阵列基板22内侧涂覆上一层RM材料，其形成取向方向如图4中下方所示的渐变角度排列的取向方向71的视角补偿层7，然后在视角补偿层7上涂覆取向层3，使TN型液晶分子4的取向方向形成与之角度渐变趋势相衔接的取向方向；最后在彩膜基板21的外侧上粘附普通偏光片8，以及在阵列基板22的外侧上粘附普通偏光片9。
本实施例的显示基板中，由于视角补偿层6、7是分别制作在彩膜基板21和阵列基板22上，在高温高湿或冷热冲击条件下和普通偏光片膜材收缩相比甚微，起到补偿视角作用的RM材料液晶分子本身的取向方向61、71不易发生紊乱，能获得稳定的取向作用；在视角补偿的同时，能有效避免沙漏mura不良现象发生，提升TN型显示基板在高信赖性条件下的画面品质。
以上仅以TN型液晶显示基板举例，容易理解的是，该显示基板不仅适用于包括TN型显示基板，也同样适用于其他多种需要进行视角补偿的液晶显示基板，例如ECB型显示基板或OCB型显示基板，其同样能起到对液晶盒内的液晶分子进行光学补偿，起到拓宽视角的作用。由于其拓宽视角的原理与TN型显示基板相同，这里不再赘叙。
相应的，本实施例还提供一种显示基板的制备方法，该制备方法简单实用，能获得取向稳定性较佳的显示基板。
该显示基板的制备方法，其中的显示基板包括彩膜基板、阵列基板以及设置于彩膜基板和阵列基板之间的液晶层，在彩膜基板和阵列基板朝向液晶层的一侧分别形成有取向层；该制备方法还包括在彩膜基板与取向层之间、阵列基板与取向层之间形成视角补偿层的步骤。
在该制备方法中，具体的，视角补偿层的形成包括：
将RM(Reactive Mesogens)材料通过涂覆形成在彩膜基板或阵列基板的一侧，具体为对合后将朝向液晶层的一侧；
加热预固化RM材料；
通过UV光配向工艺对RM材料进行定向形成视角补偿层。
采用上述方式形成视角补偿层，工艺成熟，保证显示基板的品质。
其中，加热预固化RM材料为通过恒温加热方式，优选加热温度范围为115℃～125℃；UV光波长范围为320nm～420nm。如图6所示，利用UV光5的配向工艺使得RM材料产生聚合反应，对RM材料液晶分子定向，从而形成具有固定液晶分子的位相差的视角补偿层。
本实施例中的显示基板，由于采用了由RM材料形成的视角补偿层，利用RM材料具有固定聚合液晶相的特性，能获得大于80°的视角，达到了较佳的拓宽视角的目的，且在高温高湿或冷热冲击条件下性能稳定，具有较好的显示品质。
实施例2：
本实施例提供一种显示装置，包括实施例1中的显示基板。
该显示装置可以为：液晶面板、电子纸、手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。
该显示装置利用RM材料具有固定聚合液晶相的特性，通过将其制作在显示基板内对显示视角进行补偿，相比目前通过在液晶盒外的偏光片基材里面制作DLC膜的技术手段，可以避免后者在高温高湿或冷热冲击条件下，因偏光片基材中的DLC层液晶分子排列紊乱而造成的沙漏mura显示不良现象，在一定程度上提升了液晶显示装置在高信赖性环境下的画面品质。
该显示装置具有较佳的广视角显示效果，能获得更好的视角体验。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种显示基板，包括对合设置的彩膜基板、阵列基板以及设置于所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板之间的液晶层，在所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板朝向所述液晶层的一侧分别设置有取向层，其特征在于，在所述彩膜基板与所述取向层之间、所述阵列基板与所述取向层之间还包括视角补偿层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的显示基板，其特征在于，该所述视角补偿层采用RM材料形成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的显示基板，其特征在于，所述视角补偿层的厚度范围为1μm-3μm。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的显示基板，其特征在于，在所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板远离所述液晶层的一侧还分别设置有偏光片。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的显示基板，其特征在于，该所述显示基板包括TN型、ECB型或OCB型结构。
6.一种显示基板的制备方法，所述显示基板包括彩膜基板、阵列基板以及设置于所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板之间的液晶层，在所述彩膜基板和所述阵列基板朝向所述液晶层的一侧分别形成有取向层，其特征在于，该制备方法还包括在所述彩膜基板与所述取向层之间、所述阵列基板与所述取向层之间形成视角补偿层的步骤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的显示基板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述视角补偿层采用RM材料形成。
8.根据权利要求6所述的显示基板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述视角补偿层的形成包括：
将RM材料通过涂覆方式形成在彩膜基板或阵列基板的一侧；
加热预固化RM材料；
通过UV光配向工艺对RM材料进行定向。
9.根据权利要求7所述的显示基板的制备方法，其特征在于，加热预固化RM材料为恒温加热方式，加热温度范围为115～125℃；UV光波长范围为320nm～420nm。
10.一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-5任一项所述的显示基板。
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