CN104808262A - Long-term forest eco-hydrology water yield automation dynamic measurement method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

A long-term forest eco-hydrology water yield automation dynamic measurement method and device relate to a forest eco-hydrology water yield measurement method and device. The invention aims at solving the problems that dynamic process research cannot be realized by the existing artificial measurement, the artificial measurement precision is low, and unpredictable data loss is caused by a harsh environment. The method comprises the steps: a measurement point is selected, a sample land is built, and a penetration rain water flow rate, a trunk runoff flow rate and a surface and soil runoff flow rate are obtained by utilizing an eco-hydrology water yield dynamic measurement device and calculating with corresponding flow rate formulas. The device comprises that a plug of a lower end port of a water level measuring tank is drilled to mount an ABS water tank joint, the ABS water tank joint is connected with a normally closed solenoid valve and a liquid level transmitter, water level probes are mounted on a water level measuring barrel, a solar cell panel is erected, and the solar cell panel, the liquid level transmitter, the water level probe I, the water level probe II and the solenoid valve are connected to a controller. The invention is used for long-term forest eco-hydrology water yield automation dynamic measurement.

Description

A kind of long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method and device

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of forest ecology Hydrology measuring method and device, relate to a kind of earth's surface, soil runoff specifically, trunk runoff and penetrate the long-term robotization dynamic measurement method of amount of rainfall and device, belongs to Eco-hydrological physical property index measuring method and surveying instrument field thereof.

Background technology

Water is the important substance of forest ecosystem material recycle, also participates in forest ecosystem regulating and control process as the main carriers of the circulation of system matter and energy and forest ecology hydrologic process simultaneously.The water of forest ecosystem inputs mainly through precipitation, but be subject to forest influence, precipitation is reallocated in input process, enter forest with trunk runoff and the form penetrating rain, then come together in river by Different Diameter streamed (rainwash and interflow), export forest.Water participates in forest ecology hydrologic process in constrained input forest process, conversion in influential system between material and transport, therefore the water yield of monitoring in forest ecosystem in various process is the important method of probing into the researchs such as forest rainfall redistribution general layout, runoff gathering process, to probing into, Forest Carbon nitrogen cycle is significant, is the prerequisite of research Eco-hydrological Processes.

At present to Eco-hydrological water quantifier elimination mainly through manual measurement or utilize rain gage bucket to carry out process monitoring and total amount is measured.But manual measurement cannot realize process water monitoring and when the water yields such as heavy rain are excessive, particularly under experimental situation harsh conditions at night, manual measurement cannot data acquisition in time, may cause shortage of data, cause experimental data to lose.Rain gage bucket can carry out water yield dynamic studies, but due to workload degree system, cannot meet the monitoring of large discharge.

Summary of the invention

Give hereinafter about brief overview of the present invention, to provide about the basic comprehension in some of the present invention.Should be appreciated that this general introduction is not summarize about exhaustive of the present invention.It is not that intention determines key of the present invention or pith, and nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Its object is only provide some concept in simplified form, in this, as the preorder in greater detail discussed after a while.

Given this, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide one and penetrate rain long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, cannot implementation procedure dynamic studies at least to solve existing manual measurement, manual measurement precision is low, severe experimental situation cause the problem of uncertain loss of data.

Of the present inventionly penetrate rain long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, concrete steps are:

Step one: select measurement point, sets up sample ground by standard, and each sample ground Stochastic choice three experimental points, arrange support at experimental point, set up for measurement mechanism;

Step 2: also stand upside down at experimental point making rectangular pyramid funnel and be placed on support, make the base of rectangular pyramid and ground have certain distance, and regulate four rib vertebra bottom surface levels, rectangular pyramid funnel is as penetrating rain drip pan;

Step 3: intercept pvc pipe, and with plug, pvc pipe lower end is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint is installed, pvc pipe is as penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder, ABS water tank joint connects normally closed solenoid valve and fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I and water-level probe II is installed up and down penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder, rain water level measuring cylinder will be penetrated and be placed into and penetrate immediately below rain drip pan, and rain water level measuring cylinder will be penetrated with steel pipe and vertically fix;

Step 4: open field erection solar panel in forest, and solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, solenoid valve are connected to controller;

Step 5: after measurement mechanism installation, experimentally demand, clock chip interval of delta t writing time (s) of setting controller; Experimental session, penetrates rain and collects by penetrating rain drip pan, enter and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder; Controller records in the time interval of setting the water-head Δ h (mm) penetrated in rain water level measuring cylinder, and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement mechanism is opened solenoid valve and is started draining, when penetrating the water in rain water level measuring cylinder and being reduced to the lowest water level of setting, measurement mechanism shut electromagnetic valve, penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder and continue retaining, described peak level is that the water surface touches water-level probe I, and described lowest water level is that the water surface touches water-level probe II; After experiment terminates, experimental data in controller derived, then according to penetrating rain water flow Q1 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: $Q1=3.6\×{10}^{-3}\×\mathrm{\Δh}\×\mathrm{\π}{\left(\frac{D}{2}\right)}^2/\mathrm{\Δt},$ D is the diameter penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder.

Further: the sample ground setting up 10m × 10m in described step one by standard.

Further: be that the rectangular pyramid funnel of 800mm stands upside down and is placed on support that reinforcing bar is welded by the bottom side length that PP plastic plate is welded in described step 2, make the base distance ground 1000mm of rectangular pyramid.

Further: intercept diameter is 110mm, length is 500mm pvc pipe in described step 3 as penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder.

The present invention is for realizing the device penetrating rain long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement, comprise controller, solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, solenoid valve, penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder and ABS water tank joint, the lower port plug penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint is installed, ABS water tank joint lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve, its upper end connects fluid level transmitter, at the barrel penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder, water-level probe I and water-level probe II is installed up and down, open field erection solar panel in forest, and by solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, solenoid valve is connected to controller.

The described rain water level measuring cylinder that penetrates adopts the pvc pipe that diameter is 110mm, length is 500mm to make.

Described controller comprises the record SD card module of data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chip, record data with SD card module, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs be connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively with SD2405 RTC clock chip.

In controller, SD card module can be replaced the TF card module of SPI communication; Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can be replaced other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (as STM); 12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but voltage is necessary for 12V; . controller can install wireless communication function (SIM card note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission etc.) additional, and realizing data returns automatically; The controller part of solar panel can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function; Fluid level transmitter can select the voltage output type transmitter of other compatibilities.

In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, be making ice, can install thermostat for water level measuring cylinder, anti-sealing freezes.

Given this, according to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of trunk runoff long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, cannot implementation procedure dynamic studies at least to solve existing manual measurement, manual measurement precision is low, severe experimental situation cause the problem of uncertain loss of data.

Trunk runoff of the present invention long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, concrete steps are:

Step one: select measurement point, the sample ground set up by standard, each sample ground Stochastic choice three experimental points, in sample ground, trees trunk runoff collector pipe collects;

Step 2: intercepting diameter respectively at experimental point is 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, and adopted by three pvc pipes intercepted reducer union to be sealed connected together formation trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder successively, the small-bore end plug of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint is installed, ABS water tank joint connects normally closed solenoid valve and fluid level transmitter, at trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, water-level probe I and water-level probe II is installed up and down, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder is placed into immediately below collector pipe, all trees trunk runoff collector pipes collect in rear inflow trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder is kept vertically to fix,

Step 3: open field erection solar panel in forest, and solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, solenoid valve are connected to controller;

Step 4: after measurement mechanism installation, experimentally demand, clock chip interval of delta t writing time (s) of setting controller; Experimental session, trunk runoff is collected by collector pipe, enters trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder; The water-head Δ h (mm) of controller in the time interval record trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder of setting, and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement mechanism is opened solenoid valve and is started draining, when the water in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder is reduced to the lowest water level of setting, measurement mechanism shut electromagnetic valve, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder continues retaining, and described peak level is that the water surface touches water-level probe I, and described lowest water level is that the water surface touches water-level probe II; After experiment terminates, experimental data in controller derived, then according to the trunk runoff flow Q2 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: $Q2=3.6\×{10}^{-3}\×\mathrm{\Δh}\×\left({\∫}_{h1}^{h2}f\left(h\right)\mathrm{dh}\right)/\mathrm{\Δt};$

Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk runoff flow, and Δ t (s) is data interval writing time; Δ h (mm) is water-head in writing time interval; H1 (mm) and h2 (mm) is respectively former and later two end points in the time interval; F (h) in water level measuring cylinder along with the piecewise function of SEA LEVEL VARIATION area of section; The height setting pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm and 200mm to 300mm reducing process corresponding is respectively d1 and d2, then:

$f\left(h\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{110}{2}\right)}^2& 0\&le;h<200\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{45}{d1}\right)(h-200)+55]}^2& 200\&le;h<200+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{200}{2}\right)}^2& 200+d1\&le;h<400+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{50}{d2}\right)(h-400-d1)+100]}^2& 400+d1\&le;h<400+d1+d2\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{250}{2}\right)}^2& 400+d1+d2\&le;h<700+d1+d2\end{array}\right.;$

Namely can be regarded as to obtain Stem-flow Q2 thus.

Further: the sample ground setting up 10m × 10m in described step one by standard, all trees trunk runoff collector pipes that in sample ground, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is greater than 20mm collect.

The present invention is for realizing the device of trunk runoff long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement, comprise controller, solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, solenoid valve, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and ABS water tank joint, the lower port plug of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint is installed, ABS water tank joint lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve, its upper end connects fluid level transmitter, at the barrel of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, water-level probe I and water-level probe II is installed up and down, open field erection solar panel in forest, and by solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, solenoid valve is connected to controller.

Described trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, by diameter be 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, and diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, adopts reducer union to be sealed connected together formation successively.

Described controller comprises the record SD card module of data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chip, record data with SD card module, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs be connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively with SD2405 RTC clock chip.

In controller, SD card module can be replaced the TF card module of SPI communication; Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can be replaced other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (as STM); 12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but voltage is necessary for 12V; . controller can install wireless communication function (SIM card note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission etc.) additional, and realizing data returns automatically; The controller part of solar panel can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function; Fluid level transmitter can select the voltage output type transmitter of other compatibilities.

In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, be making ice, can install thermostat for water level measuring cylinder, anti-sealing freezes.

Given this, according to another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of earth's surface and soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, cannot implementation procedure dynamic studies at least to solve existing manual measurement, manual measurement precision is low, severe experimental situation cause the problem of uncertain loss of data

Earth's surface of the present invention and soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, concrete steps are:

Step one: choice experiment point, arranges the runoff water yield balanced field of 25m × 25m; Water balance field arranges five water-yielding stratums from top to bottom, and ground floor is rainwash, and all the other four layers is interflow, interval 300mm between each layer; Install a water collector 16 for every layer, water collector one end embeds 50mm in soil;

Step 2: intercepting diameter respectively at experimental point is 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, and adopted by three pvc pipes intercepted reducer union to be sealed connected together formation trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder successively, making like this three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders, the small-bore end plug of each trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint is installed, ABS water tank joint connects normally closed solenoid valve and fluid level transmitter, at trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, water-level probe I and water-level probe II is installed up and down, three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders are placed into immediately below upper three layers of water collector, the water that upper three layers of water collector collect flows in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder is kept vertically to fix,

Step 3: intercepting diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 500mm, and with plug, pvc pipe lower end is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint is installed, pvc pipe is as penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder, making like this two penetrates rain water level measuring cylinder, ABS water tank joint connects normally closed solenoid valve and fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I and water-level probe II is installed up and down penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder, be placed into immediately below two-layer water collector by penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder, the water that the two-layer water collector that rains collects flows into and penetrates in water level measuring cylinder, keep penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder vertically to fix,

Step 4: open field erection solar panel in forest, and solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, solenoid valve are connected to controller;

Step 5: after measurement mechanism installation, experimentally demand, clock chip interval of delta t writing time (s) of setting controller, experimental session, earth's surface and soil footpath flow through water collector 16 and collect, and enter trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder, the respective water-head Δ h (mm) that controller records trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder in the time interval of setting and penetrates in rain water level measuring cylinder, and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement mechanism is opened solenoid valve and is started draining, when trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and the water penetrated in rain water level measuring cylinder are reduced to the lowest water level of setting, measurement mechanism shut electromagnetic valve, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder continue retaining, described peak level is that the water surface touches water-level probe I, described lowest water level is that the water surface touches water-level probe II, after experiment terminates, experimental data in controller derived, then according to the trunk runoff flow Q2 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: $Q2=3.6\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;\mathrm{\&Delta;h}\&times;\left({\&Integral;}_{h1}^{h2}f\left(h\right)\mathrm{dh}\right)/\mathrm{\&Delta;t};$

Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk runoff flow, and Δ t (s) is data interval writing time; Δ h (mm) is water-head in writing time interval; H1 (mm) and h2 (mm) is respectively former and later two end points in the time interval; F (h) in water level measuring cylinder along with the piecewise function of SEA LEVEL VARIATION area of section; The height setting pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm and 200mm to 300mm reducing process corresponding is respectively d1 and d2, then:

$f\left(h\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{110}{2}\right)}^2& 0\&le;h<200\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{45}{d1}\right)(h-200)+55]}^2& 200\&le;h<200+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{200}{2}\right)}^2& 200+d1\&le;h<400+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{50}{d2}\right)(h-400-d1)+100]}^2& 400+d1\&le;h<400+d1+d2\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{250}{2}\right)}^2& 400+d1+d2\&le;h<700+d1+d2\end{array}\right.;$

Namely can be regarded as to obtain Stem-flow Q2 thus;

According to penetrating rain water flow Q1 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: $Q1=3.6\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;\mathrm{\&Delta;h}\&times;\mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{110}{2}\right)}^2/\mathrm{\&Delta;t}.$

Water balance field upper three layers due to the water yield comparatively large, adopt trunk runoff to penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder, and lower two-layer due to the water yield less, be improve precision, adopt and penetrate rain and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder.Experimental provision is installed and is run identical with penetrating rain experiment method, and data processing method is identical with the processing mode penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder corresponding of its use.In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, be making ice, can install thermostat for penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder, anti-sealing freezes.

The present invention is for realizing the device of earth's surface and soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement, comprise controller, solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, solenoid valve, penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and ABS water tank joint, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder all adopts plug to shut with the lower port penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint is installed, ABS water tank joint lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve, its upper end connects fluid level transmitter, at trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and the barrel difference installation water-level probe I and water-level probe II up and down penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder, open field erection solar panel in forest, and by solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, solenoid valve is connected to controller.

Described trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, by diameter be 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, and diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, adopts reducer union to be sealed connected together formation successively.

The described rain water level measuring cylinder that penetrates adopts the pvc pipe that diameter is 110mm, length is 500mm to make.

Described controller comprises the record SD card module of data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chip, record data with SD card module, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs be connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively with SD2405 RTC clock chip.

In controller, SD card module can be replaced the TF card module of SPI communication; Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can be replaced other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (as STM); 12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but voltage is necessary for 12V; Controller can install wireless communication function (SIM card note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission etc.) additional, and realizing data returns automatically; The controller part of solar panel can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function; Fluid level transmitter can select the voltage output type transmitter of other compatibilities.

In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, be making ice, can install thermostat for water level measuring cylinder, anti-sealing freezes.

The effect that the present invention reaches is:

1. Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement method of the present invention and device adopt electronic circuit technology, automaticity is high, human resources and experimental cost are not only saved, also avoid error that manual operation causes and normally carrying out of testing under ensureing field extreme environment, ensure that the accuracy of data from source, improve the operability of experiment.

2. Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement method of the present invention and device can replace the dynamic monitoring manually carrying out experimentation in the wild, improve experimental data resolution.

3. Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement method of the present invention and device can adjust the size of water level measuring cylinder flexibly according to actual experiment demand, do not have the restriction of range.

4. Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement mechanism failure rate is low of the present invention can module be that unit maintenance is replaced.

5. Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement mechanism modularization assembling of the present invention, is convenient to experiment auxiliary facility and adds.

6. Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement mechanism structure of the present invention is simple, and be easy to batch production, with low cost, be suitable for a large amount of laying, low follow-up maintenance cost, industry market has a extensive future.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the measurement mechanism overall construction drawing according to embodiments of the invention two, four, six;

Fig. 2 penetrates rain dynamic measurement device structural drawing according to embodiments of the invention one;

Fig. 3 is according to embodiments of the invention three-tree trunk diameter flowable state measurement mechanism structural drawing;

Fig. 4 is according to embodiments of the invention five earth's surface and soil dynamics of runoff measurement mechanism structural drawing.

Embodiment

To be described one exemplary embodiment of the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings hereinafter.For clarity and conciseness, all features of actual embodiment are not described in the description.But, should understand, must make a lot specific to the decision of embodiment in the process of any this practical embodiments of exploitation, to realize the objectives of developer, such as, meet those restrictive conditions relevant to system and business, and these restrictive conditions may change to some extent along with the difference of embodiment.In addition, although will also be appreciated that development is likely very complicated and time-consuming, concerning the those skilled in the art having benefited from the disclosure of invention, this development is only routine task.

At this, also it should be noted is that, in order to avoid the present invention fuzzy because of unnecessary details, illustrate only in the accompanying drawings with according to the closely-related apparatus structure of the solution of the present invention and/or treatment step, and eliminate other details little with relation of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 2, embodiments of the invention one provide one and penetrate rain long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, and concrete steps are:

Step one: typical Natural Secondary Forests shaw selects measurement point as required in the Northeast, sets up the sample ground of 10m × 10m by standard, each sample ground Stochastic choice three experimental points, arranges the support 9 that reinforcing bar is welded, set up for measurement mechanism at experimental point;

Step 2: the bottom side length be welded by PP plastic plate at experimental point is that the rectangular pyramid funnel of 800mm stands upside down and is placed on support 9 that reinforcing bar is welded, make the base distance ground 1000mm of rectangular pyramid, and regulate four rib vertebra bottom surface levels, rectangular pyramid funnel is as penetrating rain drip pan 10;

Step 3: intercepting diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 500mm, and with plug, pvc pipe lower end is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint 8 is installed, pvc pipe is as penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder 7, ABS water tank joint 8 connects normally closed solenoid valve 6 and fluid level transmitter 3, penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder about 7 installation water-level probe I4 and water-level probe II5, rain water level measuring cylinder 7 will be penetrated be placed into and penetrate immediately below rain drip pan 10, and rain water level measuring cylinder 7 will be penetrated with steel pipe 11 and vertically fix;

Step 4: open field erection solar panel 2 in forest, and solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, solenoid valve 6 are connected to controller 1;

Step 5: after measurement mechanism installation, experimentally demand, clock chip interval of delta t writing time (s) of setting controller 1; Experimental session, penetrates rain and collects by penetrating rain drip pan 10, enter and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7; Controller 1 records in the time interval of setting the water-head Δ h (mm) penetrated in rain water level measuring cylinder 7, and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement mechanism is opened solenoid valve 6 and is started draining, when penetrating the water in rain water level measuring cylinder 7 and being reduced to the lowest water level of setting, measurement mechanism shut electromagnetic valve 6, penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7 and continue retaining, described peak level is that the water surface touches water-level probe I4, and described lowest water level is that the water surface touches water-level probe II5; After experiment terminates, experimental data in controller 1 derived, then according to penetrating rain water flow Q1 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: $Q1=3.6\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;\mathrm{\&Delta;h}\&times;\mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{110}{2}\right)}^2/\mathrm{\&Delta;t}.$

As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, embodiments of the invention two provide a kind of device for realizing penetrating rain long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement, comprise controller 1, solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, solenoid valve 6, penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7 and ABS water tank joint 8, the lower port plug penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder 7 is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint 8 is installed, ABS water tank joint 8 lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve 6, its upper end connects fluid level transmitter 3, at the barrel penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder 7, water-level probe I4 and water-level probe II5 is installed up and down, open field erection solar panel 2 in forest, and by solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, solenoid valve 6 is connected to controller 1.The described rain water level measuring cylinder 7 that penetrates adopts the pvc pipe that diameter is 110mm, length is 500mm to make.Described controller 1 comprises the record SD card module of data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chip, record data with SD card module, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs be connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively with SD2405 RTC clock chip.In controller, SD card module can be replaced the TF card module of SPI communication; Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can be replaced other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (as STM); 12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but voltage is necessary for 12V; . controller can install wireless communication function (SIM card note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission etc.) additional, and realizing data returns automatically; The controller part of solar panel can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function; Fluid level transmitter can select the voltage output type transmitter of other compatibilities.In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, be making ice, can install thermostat for water level measuring cylinder, anti-sealing freezes.

As shown in Figure 3, embodiments of the invention three provide a kind of trunk runoff long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, and concrete steps are:

Step one: typical Natural Secondary Forests shaw selects measurement point as required in the Northeast, the sample ground of 10m × 10m is set up by standard, each sample ground Stochastic choice three experimental points, all trees trunk runoff collector pipes 12 that in sample ground, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is greater than 20mm collect;

Step 2: intercepting diameter respectively at experimental point is 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, and adopted by three pvc pipes intercepted reducer union to be sealed connected together formation trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 successively, the small-bore end plug of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint 8 is installed, ABS water tank joint 8 connects normally closed solenoid valve 6 and fluid level transmitter 3, at trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder about 15, water-level probe I4 and water-level probe II5 is installed, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 is placed into immediately below collector pipe 12, all trees trunk runoff collector pipes 12 collect in rear inflow trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 is kept vertically to fix,

Step 3: open field erection solar panel 2 in forest, and solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, solenoid valve 6 are connected to controller 1;

Step 4: after measurement mechanism installation, experimentally demand, clock chip interval of delta t writing time (s) of setting controller 1; Experimental session, trunk runoff is collected by collector pipe 12, enters trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15; The water-head Δ h (mm) of controller 1 in the time interval record trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 of setting, and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement mechanism is opened solenoid valve 6 and is started draining, when the water in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 is reduced to the lowest water level of setting, measurement mechanism shut electromagnetic valve 6, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 continues retaining, described peak level is that the water surface touches water-level probe I4, and described lowest water level is that the water surface touches water-level probe II5; After experiment terminates, experimental data in controller 1 derived, then according to the trunk runoff flow Q2 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: $Q2=3.6\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;\mathrm{\&Delta;h}\&times;\left({\&Integral;}_{h1}^{h2}f\left(h\right)\mathrm{dh}\right)/\mathrm{\&Delta;t};$

Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk runoff flow, and Δ t (s) is data interval writing time; Δ h (mm) is water-head in writing time interval; H1 (mm) and h2 (mm) is respectively former and later two end points in the time interval; F (h) in water level measuring cylinder along with the piecewise function of SEA LEVEL VARIATION area of section; The height setting pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm and 200mm to 300mm reducing process corresponding is respectively d1 and d2, then:

$f\left(h\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{110}{2}\right)}^2& 0\&le;h<200\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{45}{d1}\right)(h-200)+55]}^2& 200\&le;h<200+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{200}{2}\right)}^2& 200+d1\&le;h<400+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{50}{d2}\right)(h-400-d1)+100]}^2& 400+d1\&le;h<400+d1+d2\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{250}{2}\right)}^2& 400+d1+d2\&le;h<700+d1+d2\end{array}\right.;$

Namely can be regarded as to obtain Stem-flow Q2 thus.

As shown in figures 1 and 3, embodiments of the invention four provide a kind of device for realizing trunk runoff long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement, comprise controller 1, solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, solenoid valve 6, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 and ABS water tank joint 8, the lower port plug of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint 8 is installed, ABS water tank joint 8 lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve 6, its upper end connects fluid level transmitter 3, at the barrel of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15, water-level probe I4 and water-level probe II5 is installed up and down, open field erection solar panel 2 in forest, and by solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, solenoid valve 6 is connected to controller 1.Described trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15, by diameter be 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, and diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, adopts reducer union to be sealed connected together formation successively.Described controller 1 comprises the record SD card module of data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chip, record data with SD card module, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs be connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively with SD2405 RTC clock chip.In controller, SD card module can be replaced the TF card module of SPI communication; Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can be replaced other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (as STM); 12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but voltage is necessary for 12V; . controller can install wireless communication function (SIM card note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission etc.) additional, and realizing data returns automatically; The controller part of solar panel can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function; Fluid level transmitter can select the voltage output type transmitter of other compatibilities.In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, be making ice, can install thermostat for water level measuring cylinder, anti-sealing freezes.

As shown in Figure 4, embodiments of the invention five provide a kind of earth's surface and soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, and concrete steps are:

Step one: typical Natural Secondary Forests shaw Stochastic choice experimental point in the Northeast, arranges the runoff water yield balanced field of 25m × 25m; Water balance field arranges five water-yielding stratums from top to bottom, and ground floor is rainwash 13, and all the other four layers is interflow 14, interval 300mm between each layer; Install a water collector 16 for every layer, water collector one end embeds 50mm in soil;

Step 2: intercepting diameter respectively at experimental point is 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, and adopted by three pvc pipes intercepted reducer union to be sealed connected together formation trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 successively, making like this three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders 15, the small-bore end plug of each trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint 8 is installed, ABS water tank joint 8 connects normally closed solenoid valve 6 and fluid level transmitter 3, at trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder about 15, water-level probe I4 and water-level probe II5 is installed, three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders 15 are placed into immediately below upper three layers of water collector, the water that upper three layers of water collector collect flows in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 is kept vertically to fix,

Step 3: intercepting diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 500mm, and with plug, pvc pipe lower end is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint 8 is installed, pvc pipe is as penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder 7, making like this two penetrates rain water level measuring cylinder 7, ABS water tank joint 8 connects normally closed solenoid valve 6 and fluid level transmitter 3, penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder about 7 installation water-level probe I4 and water-level probe II5, be placed into immediately below two-layer water collector by penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder 7, the water that the two-layer water collector that rains collects flows into and penetrates in water level measuring cylinder 7, keep penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder 7 vertically to fix,

Step 4: open field erection solar panel 2 in forest, and solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, solenoid valve 6 are connected to controller 1;

Step 5: after measurement mechanism installation, experimentally demand, clock chip interval of delta t writing time (s) of setting controller 1, experimental session, earth's surface and soil footpath flow through water collector 16 and collect, and enter trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7, the respective water-head Δ h (mm) that controller 1 records trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 in the time interval of setting and penetrates in rain water level measuring cylinder 7, and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement mechanism is opened solenoid valve 6 and is started draining, when trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 and the water penetrated in rain water level measuring cylinder 7 are reduced to the lowest water level of setting, measurement mechanism shut electromagnetic valve 6, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7 and continue retaining, described peak level is that the water surface touches water-level probe I4, described lowest water level is that the water surface touches water-level probe II5, after experiment terminates, experimental data in controller 1 derived, then according to the trunk runoff flow Q2 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: $Q2=3.6\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;\mathrm{\&Delta;h}\&times;\left({\&Integral;}_{h1}^{h2}f\left(h\right)\mathrm{dh}\right)/\mathrm{\&Delta;t};$

Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk runoff flow, and Δ t (s) is data interval writing time; Δ h (mm) is water-head in writing time interval; H1 (mm) and h2 (mm) is respectively former and later two end points in the time interval; F (h) in water level measuring cylinder along with the piecewise function of SEA LEVEL VARIATION area of section; The height setting pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm and 200mm to 300mm reducing process corresponding is respectively d1 and d2, then:

$f\left(h\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{110}{2}\right)}^2& 0\&le;h<200\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{45}{d1}\right)(h-200)+55]}^2& 200\&le;h<200+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{200}{2}\right)}^2& 200+d1\&le;h<400+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{50}{d2}\right)(h-400-d1)+100]}^2& 400+d1\&le;h<400+d1+d2\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{250}{2}\right)}^2& 400+d1+d2\&le;h<700+d1+d2\end{array}\right.;$

Namely can be regarded as to obtain Stem-flow Q2 thus;

According to penetrating rain water flow Q1 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: $Q1=3.6\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;\mathrm{\&Delta;h}\&times;\mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{110}{2}\right)}^2/\mathrm{\&Delta;t}.$

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, embodiments of the invention six provide a kind of device for realizing earth's surface and soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement, comprise controller 1, solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, solenoid valve 6, penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 and ABS water tank joint 8, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 all adopts plug to shut with the lower port penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder 7, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint 8 is installed, ABS water tank joint 8 lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve 6, its upper end connects fluid level transmitter 3, at trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 and the barrel difference installation water-level probe I4 and water-level probe II5 up and down penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder 7, open field erection solar panel 2 in forest, and by solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, solenoid valve 6 is connected to controller 1.Described trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15, by diameter be 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, and diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, adopts reducer union to be sealed connected together formation successively.The described rain water level measuring cylinder 7 that penetrates adopts the pvc pipe that diameter is 110mm, length is 500mm to make.Described controller 1 comprises the record SD card module of data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chip, record data with SD card module, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs be connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively with SD2405 RTC clock chip.In controller, SD card module can be replaced the TF card module of SPI communication; Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can be replaced other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (as STM); 12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but voltage is necessary for 12V; . controller can install wireless communication function (SIM card note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission etc.) additional, and realizing data returns automatically; The controller part of solar panel can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function; Fluid level transmitter can select the voltage output type transmitter of other compatibilities.In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, be making ice, can install thermostat for water level measuring cylinder, anti-sealing freezes.

Trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7 and be respectively the water level measuring cylinder shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.

Known by describing above, above-mentioned high according to measuring accuracy of the present invention, can missing measurement be avoided in severe experimental situation.

Although disclosed embodiment as above, the embodiment that its content just adopts for the ease of understanding technical scheme of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.Technician in any the technical field of the invention; under the prerequisite not departing from disclosed core technology scheme; any amendment and change can be made in the form implemented and details; but the protection domain that the present invention limits, the scope that still must limit with appending claims is as the criterion.

Claims (10)

1. penetrate rain long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are:

Step one: select measurement point, sets up sample ground by standard, and each sample ground Stochastic choice three experimental points, arrange support (9) at experimental point, set up for measurement mechanism;

Step 2: also stand upside down at experimental point making rectangular pyramid funnel and be placed on support (9), make the base of rectangular pyramid and ground have certain distance, and regulate four rib vertebra bottom surface levels, rectangular pyramid funnel is as penetrating rain drip pan (10);

Step 3: intercept pvc pipe, and with plug, pvc pipe lower end is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint (8) is installed, pvc pipe is as penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7), ABS water tank joint (8) connects normally closed solenoid valve (6) and fluid level transmitter (3), water-level probe I (4) and water-level probe II (5) is installed up and down penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7), rain water level measuring cylinder (7) will be penetrated be placed into and penetrate immediately below rain drip pan (10), and rain water level measuring cylinder (7) will be penetrated with steel pipe (11) and vertically fix,

Step 4: open field erection solar panel (2) in forest, and solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter (3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), solenoid valve (6) are connected to controller (1);

Step 5: after measurement mechanism installation, experimentally demand, clock chip interval of delta t writing time (s) of setting controller (1); Experimental session, penetrates rain and collects by penetrating rain drip pan (10), enter and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder (7); Controller (1) records in the time interval of setting the water-head Δ h (mm) penetrated in rain water level measuring cylinder (7), and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement mechanism is opened solenoid valve (6) and is started draining, when penetrating the water in rain water level measuring cylinder (7) and being reduced to the lowest water level of setting, measurement mechanism shut electromagnetic valve (6), penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder (7) and continue retaining, described peak level is that the water surface touches water-level probe I (4), and described lowest water level is that the water surface touches water-level probe II (5); After experiment terminates, by the derivation of interior for controller (1) experimental data, then according to penetrating rain water flow Q1 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: d is for penetrating the diameter of rain water level measuring cylinder (7).

2. according to claim 1ly penetrate rain long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, it is characterized in that: the sample ground setting up 10m × 10m in described step one by standard; Be that the rectangular pyramid funnel of 800mm stands upside down and is placed on support (9) that reinforcing bar is welded by the bottom side length that PP plastic plate is welded in described step 2, make the base distance ground 1000mm of rectangular pyramid; Diameter is 110mm, length is 500mm pvc pipe is intercepted as penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7) in described step 3.

3. for realizing the device penetrating rain long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement, it is characterized in that: comprise controller (1), solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter (3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), solenoid valve (6), penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder (7) and ABS water tank joint (8), the lower port plug penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7) is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint (8) is installed, ABS water tank joint (8) lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve (6), its upper end connects fluid level transmitter (3), at the barrel penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7), water-level probe I (4) and water-level probe II (5) is installed up and down, open field erection solar panel (2) in forest, and by solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter (3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), solenoid valve (6) is connected to controller (1).

4. according to claim 3 for realizing the device penetrating rain long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement, it is characterized in that: penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder (7) and adopt the pvc pipe that diameter is 110mm, length is 500mm to make; Described controller (1) comprises the record SD card module of data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405RTC clock chip, record data with SD card module, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs be connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively with SD2405RTC clock chip.

5. trunk runoff long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, is characterized in that: concrete steps are:

Step one: select measurement point, the sample ground set up by standard, each sample ground Stochastic choice three experimental points, in sample ground, trees trunk runoff collector pipe (12) collects;

Step 2: intercepting diameter respectively at experimental point is 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, and adopt reducer union to be sealed connected together formation trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) successively three pvc pipes intercepted, the small-bore end plug of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint (8) is installed, ABS water tank joint (8) connects normally closed solenoid valve (6) and fluid level transmitter (3), at trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), water-level probe I (4) and water-level probe II (5) is installed up and down, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) is placed into immediately below collector pipe (12), all trees trunk runoff collector pipes (12) are collected in rear inflow trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) is kept vertically to fix,

Step 3: open field erection solar panel (2) in forest, and solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter (3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), solenoid valve (6) are connected to controller (1);

Step 4: after measurement mechanism installation, experimentally demand, clock chip interval of delta t writing time (s) of setting controller (1), experimental session, trunk runoff is collected by collector pipe (12), enters trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), the water-head Δ h (mm) of controller (1) within time interval record trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) of setting, and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement mechanism is opened solenoid valve (6) and is started draining, when the water in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) is reduced to the lowest water level of setting, measurement mechanism shut electromagnetic valve (6), trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) continues retaining, described peak level is that the water surface touches water-level probe I (4), described lowest water level is that the water surface touches water-level probe II (5), after experiment terminates, interior for controller (1) experimental data derived, then according to the trunk runoff flow Q2 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: $Q2=3.6\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;\mathrm{\&Delta;h}\&times;\left({\&Integral;}_{h1}^{h2}f\left(h\right)\mathrm{dh}\right)/\mathrm{\&Delta;t};$

Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk runoff flow, and Δ t (s) is data interval writing time; Δ h (mm) is water-head in writing time interval; H1 (mm) and h2 (mm) is respectively former and later two end points in the time interval; F (h) in water level measuring cylinder along with the piecewise function of SEA LEVEL VARIATION area of section; The height setting pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm and 200mm to 300mm reducing process corresponding is respectively d1 and d2, then:

$f\left(h\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{110}{2}\right)}^2& 0\&le;h<200\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{45}{d1}\right)(h-200)+55]}^2& 200\&le;h<200+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{200}{2}\right)}^2& 200+d1\&le;h<400+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{50}{d2}\right)(h-400-d1)+100]}^2& 400+d1\&le;h<400+d1+d2\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{250}{2}\right)}^2& 400+d1+d2\&le;h<700+d1+d2\end{array}\right.$

Namely can be regarded as to obtain Stem-flow Q2 thus.

6. for realizing the device of trunk runoff long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement, comprise controller (1), solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter (3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), solenoid valve (6), trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) and ABS water tank joint (8), the lower port plug of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint (8) is installed, ABS water tank joint (8) lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve (6), its upper end connects fluid level transmitter (3), at the barrel of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), water-level probe I (4) and water-level probe II (5) is installed up and down, open field erection solar panel (2) in forest, and by solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter (3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), solenoid valve (6) is connected to controller (1).

7. the device for realizing trunk runoff long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), by diameter be 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, adopts reducer union to be sealed connected together formation successively.

8. the device for realizing trunk runoff long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that: described controller (1) comprises the record SD card module of data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405RTC clock chip, record data with SD card module, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs be connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively with SD2405RTC clock chip.

9. earth's surface and soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization dynamic measurement method, is characterized in that: concrete steps are:

Step one: choice experiment point, arranges the runoff water yield balanced field of 25m × 25m; Water balance field arranges five water-yielding stratums from top to bottom, and ground floor is rainwash (13), and all the other four layers is interflow (14), interval 300mm between each layer; Install a water collector (16) for every layer, water collector one end embeds 50mm in soil;

Step 2: intercepting diameter respectively at experimental point is 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, and adopt reducer union to be sealed connected together formation trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) successively three pvc pipes intercepted, making like this three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders (15), the small-bore end plug of each trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint (8) is installed, ABS water tank joint (8) connects normally closed solenoid valve (6) and fluid level transmitter (3), at trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), water-level probe I (4) and water-level probe II (5) is installed up and down, three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders (15) are placed into immediately below upper three layers of water collector, the water that upper three layers of water collector collect flows in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) is kept vertically to fix,

Step 3: intercepting diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 500mm, and with plug, pvc pipe lower end is shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint (8) is installed, pvc pipe is as penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7), making like this two penetrates rain water level measuring cylinder (7), ABS water tank joint (8) connects normally closed solenoid valve (6) and fluid level transmitter (3), water-level probe I (4) and water-level probe II (5) is installed up and down penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7), to penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder (7) is placed into immediately below two-layer water collector, the water that the two-layer water collector that rains collects flows into and penetrates in water level measuring cylinder (7), keep penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7) vertically to fix,

Step 4: open field erection solar panel (2) in forest, and solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter (3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), solenoid valve (6) are connected to controller (1);

Step 5: after measurement mechanism installation, experimentally demand, clock chip interval of delta t writing time (s) of setting controller (1), experimental session, earth's surface and soil footpath flow through water collector (16) and collect, and enter trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder (7), the respective water-head Δ h (mm) that controller (1) records trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) in the time interval of setting and penetrates in rain water level measuring cylinder (7), and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement mechanism is opened solenoid valve (6) and is started draining, when trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) and the water penetrated in rain water level measuring cylinder (7) are reduced to the lowest water level of setting, measurement mechanism shut electromagnetic valve (6), trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder (7) continue retaining, described peak level is that the water surface touches water-level probe I (4), described lowest water level is that the water surface touches water-level probe II (5), after experiment terminates, interior for controller (1) experimental data derived, then according to the trunk runoff flow Q2 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: $Q2=3.6\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;\mathrm{\&Delta;h}\&times;\left({\&Integral;}_{h1}^{h2}f\left(h\right)\mathrm{dh}\right)/\mathrm{\&Delta;t};$

Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk runoff flow, and Δ t (s) is data interval writing time; Δ h (mm) is water-head in writing time interval; H1 (mm) and h2 (mm) is respectively former and later two end points in the time interval; F (h) in water level measuring cylinder along with the piecewise function of SEA LEVEL VARIATION area of section; The height setting pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm and 200mm to 300mm reducing process corresponding is respectively d1 and d2, then:

$f\left(h\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{110}{2}\right)}^2& 0\&le;h<200\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{45}{d1}\right)(h-200)+55]}^2& 200\&le;h<200+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{200}{2}\right)}^2& 200+d1\&le;h<400+d1\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{[\left(\frac{50}{d2}\right)(h-400-d1)+100]}^2& 400+d1\&le;h<400+d1+d2\\ \mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{250}{2}\right)}^2& 400+d1+d2\&le;h<700+d1+d2\end{array}\right.$

Namely can be regarded as to obtain Stem-flow Q2 thus;

According to penetrating rain water flow Q1 (L/h) in formulae discovery Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is: $Q1=3.6\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;\mathrm{\&Delta;h}\&times;\mathrm{\&pi;}{\left(\frac{110}{2}\right)}^2/\mathrm{\&Delta;t}.$

10. for realizing the device of earth's surface and soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology hydrology water yield robotization kinetic measurement, comprise controller (1), solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter (3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), solenoid valve (6), penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder (7), trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) and ABS water tank joint (8), trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) and the lower port penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7) all adopt plug to shut, at plug upper drill hole, ABS water tank joint (8) is installed, ABS water tank joint (8) lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve (6), its upper end connects fluid level transmitter (3), at trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) and barrel difference installation water-level probe I (4) and the water-level probe II (5) up and down penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7), open field erection solar panel (2) in forest, and by solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter (3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), solenoid valve (6) is connected to controller (1), described trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), by diameter be 300mm, length is the pvc pipe of 300mm, diameter is 200mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, and diameter is 110mm, length is the pvc pipe of 200mm, adopts reducer union to be sealed connected together formation successively, the described rain water level measuring cylinder (7) that penetrates adopts the pvc pipe that diameter is 110mm, length is 500mm to make, described controller (1) comprises the record SD card module of data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405RTC clock chip, record data with SD card module, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs be connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively with SD2405RTC clock chip.