CN104807885A - Laser ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detection method of train wheel - Google Patents
Laser ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detection method of train wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104807885A CN104807885A CN201510232931.9A CN201510232931A CN104807885A CN 104807885 A CN104807885 A CN 104807885A CN 201510232931 A CN201510232931 A CN 201510232931A CN 104807885 A CN104807885 A CN 104807885A
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- train wheel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detection method of a train wheel. The method comprises the steps of placing the train wheel to be detected on a support carrier, and additionally arranging an enhancement dielectric layer between the support carrier and the train wheel to be detected, wherein the enhancement dielectric layer is made of material capable of receiving a laser excitation product based on a physical effect and enhancing ultrasonic wave and can be used for avoiding the phenomenon that the train wheel is directly contacted with laser so as to be damaged, and the surface structure of the enhancement dielectric layer can be changed according to the change of the surface structure of the train wheel; using a laser generator to emit laser to a lens, and reflecting or refracting the laser by the lens; receiving the reflected or refracted laser by the enhancement dielectric layer to generate the ultrasonic wave; enabling the ultrasonic wave to pass through the enhancement dielectric layer, and scanning the flaw detection surface of the train wheel to be detected by the ultrasonic wave; using an ultrasonic receiver to capture ultrasonic echo-signals of the flaw detection surface to detect the damage condition of the flaw detection surface. After the laser ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detection method is used, the ultrasonic wave conversion rate is improved, and the thermal damage caused by the laser which directly irradiates the surface of the wheel can be avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of detection used in detected workpiece flaw detection situation.More particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection be used in detected workpiece flaw detection situation.
Background technology
Existing UT (Ultrasonic Testing) technology, hyperacoustic exciting comprises two kinds of situations substantially, be send a ultrasound wave by the piezoelectric effect of ultrasonic transducer to the test surface of train wheel, and determine the defect of train wheel inside via the reflection echo of train wheel defect or diffracted wave according to described ultrasound wave.Another kind of situation is to train wheel surface Emission Lasers by laser generator, train wheel surface is based on thermoelastic effect or melt erosion effect and produce ultrasound wave, ultrasonic permeability is inner to train wheel, determines the defect of train wheel inside through train wheel defect reflection supersonic wave echoed signal or diffracted wave.Wherein, the first situation must make ultrasonic transducer and train wheel surface good contact, usually needs liquid as couplant, is not easy to ensure ultrasonic transducer and train wheel surface good contact when wheel rolling; And in the method for detection of the second situation, detected train wheel must be metal, and be that laser directly projects detected train wheel surface, fire damage can be produced for a long time to by train wheel surface, in addition, it is low that the method is converted to hyperacoustic conversion ratio by detected train wheel laser, and accuracy in detection is low.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the problems referred to above or defect, and the advantage will illustrated at least is below provided.
A further object of the invention is to provide the method for detection of a kind of train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged, it receives laser conversion by amplified medium layer and becomes ultrasound wave, and then penetrate on detected train wheel, improve hyperacoustic conversion ratio, and avoid laser and directly contact detected train wheel and the fire damage causing described detected workpiece.
A further object of the invention is by applying couplant on described amplified medium layer, to make described detected train wheel by couplant and described amplified medium layer close contact, avoid having air impact accuracy of detection between described detected train wheel and described amplified medium layer, improve detection degree of accuracy.
The change of a further object of the invention laser beam that to be scioptics launch in response to described laser generator or described detected train wheel position and rotate corresponding angle, make accurately to reflex to by the laser of described reflection from lens or refraction the described amplified medium layer contacted with described detected train wheel test surface, can the detected train wheel rolled be detected a flaw comprehensively.
In order to realize, according to these objects of the present invention and other advantage, providing the method for detection of a kind of train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged, comprise the following steps:
Step one: detected train wheel is placed on supporting frame, between support frame as described above body and described detected train wheel, amplified medium layer is set, described amplified medium layer is accepted laser excitation generation and strengthen hyperacoustic material to make by physically based deformation effect, described amplified medium layer can be avoided laser directly to contact described detected train wheel and cause the damage of described detected train wheel, wherein, the surface structure of described amplified medium layer makes corresponding change according to the change of detected train wheel surface structure, fit tightly to make the surface structure of the surface structure of described amplified medium layer and described detected train wheel,
Step 2: laser generator Emission Lasers to lens, described reflection from lens or reflect described laser;
Step 3: described amplified medium layer receives the laser of described reflection from lens or refraction, produces ultrasonic signal, and described ultrasonic signal scans described detected train wheel flaw detection surface or inside through described amplified medium layer;
Step 4: ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic receiver catches the ultrasound echo signal reflected from described detected train wheel, by realizing carrying out hurt detection to described detected train wheel surface or inside to the analysis of described ultrasound echo signal.
Preferably, wherein, described step one also comprises: on described amplified medium layer, apply couplant, to make described detected train wheel by couplant and described amplified medium layer close contact, avoid having air impact accuracy of detection between described detected train wheel and described amplified medium layer.
Preferably, wherein, in described step 2, the change of the laser beam that described lens are launched in response to described laser generator or described detected train wheel position and rotate corresponding angle, makes accurately to reflex to by the laser of described reflection from lens the described amplified medium layer contacted with described detected train wheel test surface.
Preferably, wherein, specifically comprise in described step 3: the laser that described energizer is launched excites generation ultrasound wave in described amplified medium layer surface physically based deformation effect, it is inner that described ultrasound wave penetrates into described detected train wheel by described amplified medium layer, runs into hurt defect and produce ultrasound echo signal.
Preferably, wherein, in described step one, described amplified medium layer is by based on thermoelastic effect or melt erosion effect and accept laser excitation and produce and strengthen hyperacoustic metal material and make.
Preferably, wherein, in described step one, the length of described amplified medium layer is greater than the girth of described detected train wheel, can roll to detect a flaw to described detected train wheel comprehensively to make detected train wheel on described amplified medium.
Preferably, wherein, in described step 2, the laser that described laser generator is launched is pulse laser.
Preferably, wherein, in described step 4, described ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic receiver is one or more ultrasound wave receiving transducer.。
Preferably, wherein, described lens in response to described laser generator light beam or described detected train wheel position change and to rotate corresponding angle be provide power by servo drive system.
Preferably, wherein, the laser beam launched in response to described laser generator of described lens or described detected train wheel position change and the angular range rotated is 0 ~ 360 degree.
The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect:
1, ultrasound wave is become owing to receiving laser conversion by amplified medium layer, and then penetrate on detected train wheel, improve hyperacoustic conversion ratio, and avoid laser and directly contact detected train wheel and the fire damage causing described detected train wheel;
2, the material owing to making amplified medium layer is not limited only to metal material, and the principle of conversion ultrasonic wave is also not limited to thermoelastic effect and melts erosion effect, adds the scope of application, is easy to wide popularization and application;
3, owing to passing through to apply couplant on described amplified medium layer, to make described detected train wheel by couplant and described amplified medium layer close contact, avoid having air impact accuracy of detection between described detected train wheel and described amplified medium layer, improve detection degree of accuracy;
4, the laser beam launched in response to described laser generator due to lens or the change of described detected train wheel position and rotate corresponding angle, make accurately to reflex to by the laser of described reflection from lens the described amplified medium layer contacted with described detected train wheel test surface, can the detected train wheel rolled be detected a flaw comprehensively;
5, ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic receiver arranges multiple ultrasound wave receiving transducer, improves ultrasound wave acceptance rate, improves flaw detection precision and inspection speed.
Part is embodied by explanation below by other advantage of the present invention, target and feature, part also will by research and practice of the present invention by those skilled in the art is understood.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection in one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 2 is the system architecture schematic diagram of train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection in one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 3 is the system architecture schematic diagram of train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection in an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to instructions word to make those skilled in the art.
Should be appreciated that used hereinly such as " to have ", other element one or more do not allotted in " comprising " and " comprising " term or the existence of its combination or interpolation.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of way of realization according to laser-ultrasound method of detection of the present invention, comprising:
Step one: detected train wheel is placed on supporting frame, between support frame as described above body and described detected train wheel, amplified medium layer is set, described amplified medium layer is accepted laser excitation generation and strengthen hyperacoustic material to make by physically based deformation effect, described amplified medium layer can be avoided laser directly to contact described detected train wheel and cause the damage of described detected train wheel, wherein, the surface structure of described amplified medium layer makes corresponding change according to the change of detected train wheel surface structure, fit tightly to make the surface structure of the surface structure of described amplified medium layer and described detected train wheel,
Step 2: laser generator Emission Lasers to lens, described reflection from lens or reflect described laser;
Step 3: described amplified medium layer receives the laser of described reflection from lens or refraction, produces ultrasonic signal, and described ultrasonic signal scans described detected train wheel flaw detection surface or inside through described amplified medium layer;
Step 4: ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic receiver catches the ultrasound echo signal reflected from described detected train wheel, by realizing carrying out hurt detection to described detected train wheel surface or inside to the analysis of described ultrasound echo signal.
In another kind of example, described step one also comprises: on described amplified medium layer, apply couplant, to make described detected train wheel by couplant and described amplified medium layer close contact, avoid having air impact accuracy of detection between described detected train wheel and described amplified medium layer.
Wherein, described couplant can be water, also can be other liquid mediums, such as, when detecting the train wheel that can place on amplified medium layer or roll, selecting water to be best selection as couplant, air not only can be avoided to enter between detected train wheel and amplified medium layer, and water source is wide, detects and terminates rear easy cleaning.
A kind of implementation of the laser-ultrasound method of detection in such scheme is: in described step 2, the change of the laser beam that described lens are launched in response to described laser generator or described detected train wheel position and rotate corresponding angle, makes accurately to reflex to by the laser of described reflection from lens or refraction the described amplified medium layer contacted with described detected train wheel test surface.
Wherein, the change of the laser beam that lens are launched in response to described laser generator or described detected train wheel position and the power rotated are provided by servo drive system, laser generator can be made so motionless, when detected train wheel or amplified medium move, the laser of laser generator transmitting is received by relay lens, on the described amplified medium layer laser of reflection from lens or refraction being reflexed to like clockwork contact with described detected train wheel test surface, detected train wheel is detected a flaw comprehensively, improve flaw detection efficiency and inspection speed.This mode is a kind of explanation of preferred embodiments, but is not limited thereto.When implementing of the present invention, lens angle can be set according to user's demand and change or laser generator angle change and realize the enforcement aspect of the function of comprehensively flaw detection.
A kind of implementation of the laser-ultrasound method of detection in such scheme is: specifically comprise in described step 3: the laser that described laser generator is launched excites generation ultrasound wave in described amplified medium layer surface physically based deformation effect, it is inner that described ultrasound wave penetrates into described detected train wheel by described amplified medium layer, runs into hurt defect and produce ultrasound echo signal.
Wherein, described laser instrument when send be pulse laser time, described pulse laser projects lens, the pulse laser of reflection from lens projects on amplified medium layer, when amplified medium layer be metal material make time, amplified medium layer is based on thermoelastic effect or melt erosion effect and can produce moment violent thermal expansion, thus produces thermal excitation ultrasound wave.Further, described thermal excitation ultrasound wave can along described test surface to by flaw detection train wheel internal communication.When the defect of described thermal excitation ultrasound wave through train wheel inside, will there is ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS and produce ultrasound echo signal in its waveform.This mode is a kind of explanation of preferred embodiments, but is not limited thereto.When implementing of the present invention, the enforcement aspect of the amplified medium layer practical function can made according to other laser of user's demand or other materials.
A kind of implementation of the laser-ultrasound method of detection in such scheme is: in described step one, and described amplified medium layer is by based on thermoelastic effect or melt erosion effect and receive laser excitation and produce and strengthen hyperacoustic metal material and make.This mode is a kind of explanation of preferred embodiments, but is not limited thereto.When implementing of the present invention, the enforcement aspect of the amplified medium layer practical function can made according to user's demand other materials.
A kind of implementation of the laser-ultrasound method of detection in such scheme is: in described step 4, and described ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic receiver is one or more ultrasound wave receiving transducer.
Wherein, when described ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic receiver is multiple ultrasound wave receiving transducer, it can be arranged on the test surface periphery of detected train wheel, make the ultrasound echo signal accepting comprehensively detected train wheel, improve ultrasonic echo acceptance rate, improve flaw detection precision and inspection speed, can also contribute to carrying out more accurate defect location by the detection of multiple probe.This mode is a kind of explanation of preferred embodiments, but is not limited thereto.When implementing of the present invention, varying number can be selected according to the demand of user's demand and detected train wheel or other the enforcement aspect of ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic receiver practical function.
A kind of implementation of the laser-ultrasound method of detection in such scheme is: the angular range that the change of the laser beam that described lens are launched in response to described laser generator or described detected train wheel position rotates is 0 ~ 360 degree.
Wherein, the change of the laser beam that lens are launched along with described laser generator or described detected train wheel position rotates corresponding angle, can have real-time detection flaw detection for the inner case of detected train wheel.
Accompanying drawing 2 and the system architecture schematic diagram that figure 3 show laser-ultrasound method of detection in another embodiment, in figure, system comprises: prop carrier 1, amplified medium layer 2, coupling oxidant layer 3, detected train wheel 4, laser generator 5, lens combination 7, servo drive system 8 and lens combination m 9, the oxidant layer that is wherein coupled is arranged between described detected train wheel 4 and amplified medium layer 2.Specific works principle is: described laser generator 5 Emission Lasers 6 projects in described lens combination 7, described lens combination 7 provides dynamic rotation to accept the laser 6 of laser generator 5 transmitting by described servo drive system 8, laser 6 projects on described amplified medium layer 2 after described lens combination 7 reflects, described amplified medium layer 2 based on thermoelastic effect, melt erosion effect or other physical influence can produce moment violent thermal expansion, thus produce thermal excitation ultrasound wave.Further, described thermal excitation ultrasound wave can by the test surface of oxidant layer 3 along described detected train wheel 4 that be coupled to described detected train wheel 4 internal communication.When the defect of described thermal excitation ultrasound wave through train wheel inside, will there is ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS and produce ultrasound echo signal in its waveform.
Here the number of devices illustrated and treatment scale are used to simplify explanation of the present invention.The application of laser-ultrasound method of detection of the present invention and laser-ultrasound fault detection system, modifications and variations be will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art.
As mentioned above, according to the present invention, become ultrasound wave owing to receiving laser conversion by amplified medium layer, and then penetrate on detected train wheel, improve hyperacoustic conversion ratio, and avoid laser and directly contact detected train wheel and the fire damage causing described detected train wheel; Because the material making amplified medium layer is not limited only to metal material, the principle of conversion ultrasonic wave is also not limited to thermoelastic effect and melts erosion effect, adds the scope of application, is easy to wide popularization and application.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, it is not restricted to listed in instructions and embodiment utilization.It can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely.For those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment.Therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the legend described.
Claims (10)
1. a train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection, comprises the following steps:
Step one: detected train wheel is placed on supporting frame, between support frame as described above body and described detected train wheel, amplified medium layer is set, described amplified medium layer is accepted laser excitation generation and strengthen hyperacoustic material to make by physically based deformation effect, described amplified medium layer can be avoided laser directly to contact described detected train wheel and cause the damage of described detected train wheel, wherein, the surface structure of described amplified medium layer makes corresponding change according to the change of detected train wheel surface structure, fit tightly to make the surface structure of the surface structure of described amplified medium layer and described detected train wheel,
Step 2: laser generator Emission Lasers to lens, described reflection from lens or reflect described laser;
Step 3: described amplified medium layer receives the laser of described reflection from lens or refraction, produces ultrasonic signal, and described ultrasonic signal scans described detected train wheel flaw detection surface or inside through described amplified medium layer;
Step 4: ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic receiver catches the ultrasound echo signal reflected from described detected train wheel, by realizing carrying out hurt detection to described detected train wheel surface or inside to the analysis of described ultrasound echo signal.
2. train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described step one also comprises: on described amplified medium layer, apply couplant, to make described detected train wheel by couplant and described amplified medium layer close contact, avoid having air impact accuracy of detection between described detected train wheel and described amplified medium layer.
3. train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in described step 2, the change of the laser beam that described lens are launched in response to described laser generator or described detected train wheel position and rotate corresponding angle, makes accurately to reflex to by the laser of described reflection from lens the described amplified medium layer contacted with described detected train wheel test surface.
4. train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein, specifically comprise in described step 3: the laser that described energizer is launched excites generation ultrasound wave in described amplified medium layer surface physically based deformation effect, it is inner that described ultrasound wave penetrates into described detected train wheel by described amplified medium layer, runs into hurt defect and produce ultrasound echo signal.
5. train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in described step one, described amplified medium layer is by based on thermoelastic effect or melt erosion effect and accept laser excitation and produce and strengthen hyperacoustic metal material and make.
6. train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in described step one, the length of described amplified medium layer is greater than the girth of described detected train wheel, can roll to detect a flaw to described detected train wheel comprehensively to make detected train wheel on described amplified medium.
7. train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in described step 2, the laser that described laser generator is launched is pulse laser.
8. train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in described step 4, described ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic receiver is one or more ultrasound wave receiving transducer.
9. train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described lens in response to described laser generator light beam or described detected train wheel position change and to rotate corresponding angle be provide power by servo drive system.
10. train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection as claimed in claim 9, wherein, the change of the laser beam that described lens are launched in response to described laser generator or described detected train wheel position and the angular range that rotates is 0 ~ 360 degree.
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| CN110567880A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2019-12-13 | 厦门大学 | Real-time online nondestructive test device for automobile hub |
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