CN101149358A - Train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection device and method - Google Patents
Train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101149358A CN101149358A CNA2007101768174A CN200710176817A CN101149358A CN 101149358 A CN101149358 A CN 101149358A CN A2007101768174 A CNA2007101768174 A CN A2007101768174A CN 200710176817 A CN200710176817 A CN 200710176817A CN 101149358 A CN101149358 A CN 101149358A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a kind of auto electromagnetic ultrasonic detection device and method for the train wheel surface. The device is made up of the electromagnetic ultrasonic energy converter and the electromagnetic ultrasonic crack detector. It gets the signal of wheel tread and wheel edge detected by the electromagnetic ultrasonic energy converter installed on the rail when the train passes, which is inputted into the electromagnetic ultrasonic crack detector; by treating and screening the signal, it can determine if the wheel surface has the crack. In detecting progress, the train does not need stop and it does not cost time to detect the running train wheel and find the wheel crack in time by screening and determining the detection signal receiving by the electromagnetic ultrasonic crack detector.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to train wheel surface inspection technique field, particularly a kind of train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection device and method.
Background technology
Train wheel is the important motion and the load bearing component of locomotive and vehicle, and its quality good or not is to guaranteeing the important role in safe operation of train, in case accidents caused, catastrophic often.In June, 1998, the train capsizing case (Fan Hong etc. in the world took place to cause a sensation in High Speed Trains in Germany, " technical research and development of train wheel ultrasonic inspection ", iron and steel, 2000, (12): 60-63), causing a large amount of casualties and property loss, and cause the main cause of this accident, is due to the defective that produces on the train wheel surface is neglected one's supervisory duties through the accident post analysis.In August in the same year, 554-8081 the lorry generation in China river bank derailment accident, its inducement is the defective on train wheel surface equally.This shows that the train wheel surface imperfection is accidents caused huge hidden danger.
The main cause that causes the wheel fault of railroad train accident is in the smelting and process of wheel-use steel material, to tend to surface and the inner defectives such as some pores, sand holes, snotter and cut that produce at wheel.Because the existence of these defectives can cause stress to concentrate in the wheel operational process.Load-bearing capacity at the region of stress concentration metal is less, very easily extends crackle; Under the continuous bearing situation, the crackle expansion that do not continue produces at wheel surface and to peel off and fall piece.In a single day wheel sur-face peeling occurs and falls piece, may make the defective expansion on the one hand under the continuous heavy duty of train, finally causes wheel " to collapse wheel " and train is striden collapse; May the load of axletree be strengthened owing to the vibration in the driving on the other hand, cause the fracture of axletree when serious, train topples.
At present, the piezoelectric ultrasonic defectoscopy is adopted in the quality testing of wheel usually both at home and abroad.The piezoelectric supersonic normal beam technique is used for wheel surface flaw detection and exists limitation: at first be low to the detection sensitivity of defective radially, and radially defective causes the critical defect that wheel is peeled off even burst apart exactly; Next is that the piezoelectric supersonic defectoscopy be unable to do without liquid couplant, under the situation that locomotive need not disintegrate wheel is checked it is very difficult if want comprehensively.The more important thing is that for the piezoelectric supersonic normal beam technique, wheel surface and nearly surf zone belong to the detection blind area.
Therefore, can realize detecting automatically to the train wheel in travelling, in time find the defective on the wheel surface, what avoid accident be crucial.
Electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting is the emerging Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement that development in recent years is got up.Since the electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting method have do not use couplant, fast, series of advantages such as sensitivity, so the inspection that this technology is used for the running vehicle wheel surface is only feasible scheme.For example, and Chinese utility model patent (application number: 2000320111599.3, applying date 2003.11.20) a kind of " device is hindered in railway locomotive, the on-line automatic geochemical exploration of wheel of vehicle tread " disclosed, be that the train wheel tread is detected.In addition, the application's applicant is in the utility model patent 200620134118.4 of application on October 20th, 2006, be " Train Wheel Tread Electromagnetic Exceed The Sound Probe Device ", it provides a kind of train wheel tread electromagnetic acoustic, but above-mentioned application does not all provide for the full-automatic apparatus and method that detect of the electromagnetic acoustic of train wheel surface.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection device, can detect by computer control, the full automatic electromagnetic acoustic of finishing train wheel surface.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection method.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection device, comprise electromagnet ultrasonic changer, train wheel is imported the electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument through the ultrasound wave that out-of-date triggering electromagnet ultrasonic changer produces through connection line, and this electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument comprises as lower member:
Computing machine (11),
Pulse producer (12): produce continuous square pulse by computing machine (11) control,
Pulse series generator (13): the continuous impulse that pulse producer (12) is produced cuts into train of impulses,
Power amplifier (14): make train of impulses increase energy, and feed give electromagnet ultrasonic changer 15,
Wherein, the detection signal that has the wheel surface quality information that obtains from electromagnet ultrasonic changer (15) at first amplifies through prime amplifier (16), send wave detector (17) to do demodulation process then;
Detection signal after the demodulation is by attenuator (18) increase and decrease amplitude, after the final amplification of the video amplifier (19), import computing machine 11 again, computing machine 11 is finished the examination to signal, judges whether to have injurous defect, and testing result is shown, classifies, edits, adds up and stores.
Electromagnet ultrasonic changer (15) comprises following at least two kinds of transducers: wheel tread transducer (1) and wheel rim transducer (2), they are close to lateral surface and the medial surface that is fixed on rail respectively.
In the described electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument, computing machine (11) connects pulse producer (12) by D/A.
Described wheel tread transducer (1) comprises pancake coil (3), housing (4), ndfeb magnet (5) and spring (6); Housing (4) bottom is dull and stereotyped, is useful on the mounting hole of fixing vehicle wheel tread transducer (1) on it; Ndfeb magnet (5) is installed in above the spring (6) in the housing (4).
Spring (6) is pushing tow magnet (5) and pancake coil (3) upwards, makes pancake coil (3) press close to wheel tread.
Described wheel rim transducer (2) comprises curved surface coil (7), housing (8), ndfeb magnet (9) and spring (10); Housing (8) bottom is dull and stereotyped, is useful on the mounting hole of fixing vehicle wheel wheel rim transducer (2) on it, and ndfeb magnet (9) is installed in above the spring (10) in the housing (8).
Spring (10) is made upwards pushing tow magnet (9) and curved surface coil (7), makes curved surface coil (7) press close to wheel rim.
Above-mentioned housing is a stainless steel material.
Described attenuator (18) connects computing machine (11) by I/O.
A kind of train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection method is that train wheel is imported the electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument through the ultrasound wave that out-of-date triggering electromagnet ultrasonic changer produces through connection line, carries out following steps:
Computing machine (11) clamp-pulse generator (12) produces continuous square pulse,
Pulse series generator (13) cuts into train of impulses with the continuous impulse that pulse producer (12) produces,
Power amplifier (14) makes train of impulses increase energy, and feed gives electromagnet ultrasonic changer 15,
The detection signal that has the wheel surface quality information that obtains from electromagnet ultrasonic changer (15) at first amplifies through prime amplifier (16), send wave detector (17) to do demodulation process then;
Detection signal after the demodulation is by attenuator (18) increase and decrease amplitude, after the final amplification of the video amplifier (19), import computing machine (11) again, computing machine (11) is finished the examination to signal, judge whether to have injurous defect, and testing result is shown, classifies, edits, adds up and stores.
Computing machine (11) is by D/A clamp-pulse generator (12).
The increase and decrease of described attenuator (18) is regulated by I/O control and is undertaken.
The present invention can accomplish when being used for the automatic detection of train wheel surface:
1. need not wheel surface is carried out the pointwise scanning, in the moment that transducer contacts with wheel, ultrasound wave both can be propagated several weeks in wheel, finished the inspection to whole wheel surface;
2. can detect the defective in wheel surface and the nearly surface;
3. can detect the crackle of the dark 1mm of wheel table face length 15mm;
4. automatically detect, need not operating personnel and declare wound.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: need to use liquid couplant unlike traditional piezoelectric supersonic flaw detection, do not need additionally to increase servicing unit, do not need special mechanical action, only electromagnet ultrasonic changer is installed on the railway line and gets final product.Train does not need to pause in testing process, not holding time.Wheel surface automatic flaw detection in the train driving can fundamentally change the operation conditions of running vehicle wheel, reduces because the accident that wheel fault causes.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit composition frame chart of the electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument of train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the scheme of installation of electromagnet ultrasonic changer 15 (being respectively wheel tread transducer 1 and wheel rim transducer 2) among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the physical construction synoptic diagram of wheel tread transducer 1 among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the physical construction synoptic diagram of wheel rim transducer 2 among Fig. 2.
In the above-mentioned accompanying drawing:
1 wheel tread transducer, 2 wheel rim transducers, 3 pancake coils, 4,8 housings
5,9 ndfeb magnets, 6,10 springs, 7 curved surface coils
11 computing machines, 12 pulse producers, 13 pulse series generators
14 power amplifiers, 15 electromagnet ultrasonic changers, 16 prime amplifiers
17 wave detectors, 18 attenuators, 19 video amplifiers
TRIG-trigger A/D-analog to digital conversion D/A number is touched conversion
I/O-input and output control CRT-display HDD-harddisk memory
CD-ROM-CD drive R32-computing machine R32 interface.
Embodiment
Introduce embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection device of the present invention is made up of electromagnet ultrasonic changer and electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument.
The composition frame chart of pick-up unit of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.11 control D/A produce continuous square pulse at pulse producer 12 places by computing machine; Pulse series generator 13 cuts into train of impulses with the continuous impulse that pulse producer 12 produces; Power amplifier 14 makes train of impulses increase energy, and feed is given electromagnet ultrasonic changer 15; The detection signal that has the wheel surface quality information that obtains from electromagnet ultrasonic changer 15 at first amplifies through prime amplifier 16; Send wave detector 17 to do demodulation process then; Detection signal after the demodulation is by attenuator 18 increase and decrease amplitudes, to adapt to the processing requirements of 11 pairs of signal amplitudes of computing machine; The increase and decrease of attenuator 18 is regulated by I/O control and is undertaken; The detection signal that process attenuator 18 is regulated after the final processing and amplifying of the video amplifier 19, is done the A/D conversion and is delivered computing machine 11 again.Computing machine 11 is finished the examination to signal, judges whether to have injurous defect, and testing result is shown, classifies, edits, adds up and stores.
11 pairs of detection signals of computing machine screen, judge whether that defective method is: set the warning gate in the time domain that electromagnetic ultrasonic wave is propagated, when hyperacoustic echoed signal is higher than the warning gate, promptly be judged as defectiveness and exist, and the sound, the light crossing-signal that drive instrument immediately provide warning.Meanwhile, the signal waveform of defective is stored in the hard disc of computer (HDD), the numbering that also has wheel of storage and sequence number etc. make testing result corresponding with the problem wheel in the lump.Above function realizes, finishes by computer software.
The function of TRIG → I/O is: other close electromagnet ultrasonic changer place installs one near switch (or optoelectronic switch) at rail, when each cartwheel roll is crossed transducer, just provide a triggering (TRIG) signal near switch (or optoelectronic switch), by reaching of I/O notice computing machine wheel, computing machine was screened and is judged detectable signal in the blink (being that TRIG provides signal) of wheel contact transducer.When treating that next wheel arrives, computing machine is done same work.The rest may be inferred.In each wheel arrived the interval time of transducer, computing machine was not judged, is handled signal.
The effect of the circuit of 11 → D/A → TRIG is: computing machine 11 control D/A make it to provide a level accurately, and this level makes it produce the pulsating wave of a fixed frequency as the input of pulse producer (or voltage controlled oscillator).Rising edge with each pulse instructs as triggering (TRIG), and notice cuts into train of impulses with the continuous impulse that pulse producer 12 produces.Just produced thus and launched one section train of impulses at regular intervals at interval.This train of impulses is after power amplifier 14 increases energy, and feed is given electromagnet ultrasonic changer 15.
Electromagnet ultrasonic changer 15 of the present invention comprises two kinds of transducers, as shown in Figure 2, one is wheel tread transducer 1, and another is a wheel rim transducer 2, they are installed in the lateral surface and the medial surface of rail respectively, respectively defective on the detecting wheel tread and the defective on the wheel rim.
Wheel tread transducer 1 and the installation method of wheel rim transducer 2 on rail are as shown in Figure 2.At first " rail head " of rail outside and inboard are dug up one respectively and form a breach, and make that to dig up part proper concordant with " web of the rail ".Then transducer is put into breach, be close to the rail sidewall and fixed.
The formation of the wheel tread transducer 1 among the present invention as shown in Figure 3, it is made up of pancake coil 3, housing 4, ndfeb magnet 5 and spring 6.Housing 4 adopts stainless steel material to make, and lower housing portion is dull and stereotyped, is useful on the mounting hole of fixing of energy converter on it.Ndfeb magnet 5 be installed on housing 4 medi-springs 6 above.Spring 6 works to do upwards pushing tow magnet 5 and pancake coil 3, makes pancake coil 3 wheel tread of trying one's best.
The formation of the wheel rim transducer 2 among the present invention as shown in Figure 4, it is made up of curved surface coil 7, housing 8, ndfeb magnet 9 and spring 10.Housing 8 adopts stainless steel material to make, and lower housing portion is dull and stereotyped, is useful on the mounting hole of fixing of energy converter on it.Ndfeb magnet 9 be installed on housing 8 medi-springs 10 above.Spring 10 works to do upwards pushing tow magnet 9 and curved surface coil 7, makes curved surface coil 7 wheel rim of trying one's best.
Claims (12)
1. train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection device, comprise electromagnet ultrasonic changer, it is characterized in that: train wheel is imported the electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument through the ultrasound wave that out-of-date triggering electromagnet ultrasonic changer produces through connection line, and this electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument comprises as lower member:
Computing machine (11),
Pulse producer (12): produce continuous square pulse by computing machine (11) control,
Pulse series generator (13): the continuous impulse that pulse producer (12) is produced cuts into train of impulses,
Power amplifier (14): make train of impulses increase energy, and feed give electromagnet ultrasonic changer 15,
Wherein, the detection signal that has the wheel surface quality information that obtains from electromagnet ultrasonic changer (15) at first amplifies through prime amplifier (16), send wave detector (17) to do demodulation process then;
Detection signal after the demodulation is by attenuator (18) increase and decrease amplitude, after the final amplification of the video amplifier (19), import computing machine 11 again, computing machine 11 is finished the examination to signal, judges whether to have injurous defect, and testing result is shown, classifies, edits, adds up and stores.
2. pick-up unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: electromagnet ultrasonic changer (15) comprises following at least two kinds of transducers: wheel tread transducer (1) and wheel rim transducer (2), they are close to lateral surface and the medial surface that is fixed on rail respectively.
3. pick-up unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument, computing machine (11) connects pulse producer (12) by D/A.
4. pick-up unit according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described wheel tread transducer (1) comprises pancake coil (3), housing (4), ndfeb magnet (5) and spring (6); Housing (4) bottom is dull and stereotyped, is useful on the mounting hole of fixing vehicle wheel tread transducer (1) on it; Ndfeb magnet (5) is installed in above the spring (6) in the housing (4).
5. pick-up unit according to claim 4 is characterized in that: spring (6) is pushing tow magnet (5) and pancake coil (3) upwards, makes pancake coil (3) press close to wheel tread.
6. pick-up unit according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described wheel rim transducer (2) comprises curved surface coil (7), housing (8), ndfeb magnet (9) and spring (10); Housing (8) bottom is dull and stereotyped, is useful on the mounting hole of fixing vehicle wheel wheel rim transducer (2) on it, and ndfeb magnet (9) is installed in above the spring (10) in the housing (8).
7. pick-up unit according to claim 6 is characterized in that: spring (10) is made upwards pushing tow magnet (9) and curved surface coil (7), makes curved surface coil (7) press close to wheel rim.
8. according to claim 4 or 6 described pick-up units, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned housing is a stainless steel material.
9. pick-up unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described attenuator (18) connects computing machine (11) by I/O.
10. a train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection method is that train wheel is imported the electromagnetic supersonic flaw detecting instrument through the ultrasound wave that out-of-date triggering electromagnet ultrasonic changer produces through connection line, it is characterized in that: carry out following steps:
Computing machine (11) clamp-pulse generator (12) produces continuous square pulse,
Pulse series generator (13) cuts into train of impulses with the continuous impulse that pulse producer (12) produces,
Power amplifier (14) makes train of impulses increase energy, and feed gives electromagnet ultrasonic changer 15,
The detection signal that has the wheel surface quality information that obtains from electromagnet ultrasonic changer (15) at first amplifies through prime amplifier (16), send wave detector (17) to do demodulation process then;
Detection signal after the demodulation is by attenuator (18) increase and decrease amplitude, after the final amplification of the video amplifier (19), import computing machine (11) again, computing machine (11) is finished the examination to signal, judge whether to have injurous defect, and testing result is shown, classifies, edits, adds up and stores.
11. detection method according to claim 10 is characterized in that: computing machine (11) is by D/A clamp-pulse generator (12).
12. detection method according to claim 10 is characterized in that: the increase and decrease of described attenuator (18) is regulated by I/O control and is undertaken.
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| CNA2007101768174A CN101149358A (en) | 2007-11-05 | 2007-11-05 | Train wheel surface automatic electromagnetic supersonic detection device and method |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101398411B (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2012-04-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Rail tread defect rapid scanning and detecting method and device thereof |
| CN102636571A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Measuring method of horizontal shear guided wavelength in steel plate and electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer using same |
| CN102841139A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-12-26 | 贵州红林机械有限公司 | Method for detecting plunger spring surface defects by use of ultrasonic waves |
| CN104583749A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2015-04-29 | 黑根沙伊特-Mfd有限公司及两合公司 | Method and device for inspecting railway wheels |
| CN104614444A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-13 | 爱德森（厦门）电子有限公司 | Method for improving electromagnetic ultrasonic detection precision |
| CN104807885A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-07-29 | 北京新联铁科技股份有限公司 | Laser ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detection method of train wheel |
| CN109374734A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-02-22 | 华东交通大学 | A kind of phased array supersonic failure detector based on wheel pair |
| US10352830B2 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2019-07-16 | General Electric Company | Devices and methods for inspecting a wheel |
| CN110823961A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-21 | 黑龙江工程学院 | Rock-soil nondestructive testing system and method applying pulse echo flaw detection |
| CN110927260A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-27 | 爱德森（厦门）电子有限公司 | Electromagnetic ultrasonic sorting method for metal materials |
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- 2007-11-05 CN CNA2007101768174A patent/CN101149358A/en active Pending
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101398411B (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2012-04-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Rail tread defect rapid scanning and detecting method and device thereof |
| CN102636571A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Measuring method of horizontal shear guided wavelength in steel plate and electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer using same |
| CN102636571B (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2014-10-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Measuring method of horizontal shear guided wavelength in steel plate and electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer using same |
| CN102841139A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-12-26 | 贵州红林机械有限公司 | Method for detecting plunger spring surface defects by use of ultrasonic waves |
| CN104583749A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2015-04-29 | 黑根沙伊特-Mfd有限公司及两合公司 | Method and device for inspecting railway wheels |
| US10352830B2 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2019-07-16 | General Electric Company | Devices and methods for inspecting a wheel |
| CN104614444A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-13 | 爱德森（厦门）电子有限公司 | Method for improving electromagnetic ultrasonic detection precision |
| CN104614444B (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2017-05-10 | 爱德森（厦门）电子有限公司 | Method for improving electromagnetic ultrasonic detection precision |
| CN104807885A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-07-29 | 北京新联铁科技股份有限公司 | Laser ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detection method of train wheel |
| CN104807885B (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2018-03-23 | 北京新联铁集团股份有限公司 | Train wheel laser-ultrasound not damaged method of detection |
| CN109374734A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-02-22 | 华东交通大学 | A kind of phased array supersonic failure detector based on wheel pair |
| CN110823961A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-21 | 黑龙江工程学院 | Rock-soil nondestructive testing system and method applying pulse echo flaw detection |
| CN110927260A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-27 | 爱德森（厦门）电子有限公司 | Electromagnetic ultrasonic sorting method for metal materials |
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