CN104807785A - Device and method for measuring release amount of smoke after combustion and pyrolysis of tobacco - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring release amount of smoke after combustion and pyrolysis of tobacco. The device is characterized in that an annular heating furnace with a temperature controller is arranged on the device, one end, in the annular heating furnace, of a quartz tube is a heating end, the other end of the quartz tube is a non-heating end, a sealing part is arranged at the non-heating end, a quartz boat is arranged in the quartz tube and can be moved at uniform speed along the axial direction of the quartz tube, and the sealing part is provided with a primary air intake opening; the tube end of the heating end of the quartz tube is an air exhaust end, the air exhaust end is connected into a cooling mixing box, and the cooling mixing box is respectively provided with an air exhaust opening and a secondary air intake opening; a smoke densitometer is arranged, and is used for measuring the light density of smoke in the cooling mixing box. The device has the advantages that the flow amount of air, the supply amount of tobacco and the temperature can be adjusted and controlled by a controllable equivalence ratio method, and the combustion and pyrolysis state of the tobacco is further controlled; by combining with the typical extinction principle, the release amount of smoke under the condition of combustion and pyrolysis of tobacco can be accurately measured.

Description

A kind of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size measurement mechanism and measuring method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size measurement mechanism and measuring method, belong to smoke of tobacco field of measuring technique.

Background technology

No matter be conventional cigarette, low temperature cigarette or electronic cigarette, it all can produce visible smog aerosol when aspirating.Smog aerosol burst size directly has influence on Sensory Quality of Cigarette, therefore, is necessary to evaluate cigarette smoke gasoloid burst size and influence factor thereof and study, so that carry out specific aim regulation and control to the smog burst size of kinds of cigarettes goods.At present, the method measuring smog burst size mainly contains weight method, settling methods, microscopic examination method, inertia impact method, light extinction method etc.Relative to weight method, settling methods, microscopic examination method and inertia impact method, gasoloid is first gathered to the off-line research means of rear measurement, electronics low pressure ballistic method and light extinction method have that real-time is good, precision advantages of higher, and it is installed and used and safeguard all than off-line means easy too much.But the apparatus expensive of electronics low pressure ballistic method, also needs flue gas to carry out high dilution, and therefore, light extinction method has comparatively high performance-price ratio.

In the existing open report for the evaluation of smog release characteristics, as Chinese patent CN101788447A and Chinese patent CN101373176A, be for cigarette products substantially, therefore, the first step is preparation experiment cigarette, and this has been with very big inconvenience to the research of smog burst size influence factor.By building suitable simulation cigarette combustion and pyrolysis device, and by itself and the smog burst size tester coupling based on delustring principle, carry out analysis of cigarette principal ingredient smog burst size under different combustion and pyrolysis environment, beyond doubt not only convenient the but also efficient method of one.

Current, the device of simulation cigarette combustion and pyrolysis environment mainly contains thermogravimetric analyzer, conventional tube stove and stable state tubular furnace.But thermogravimetric analyzer and conventional tube stove are difficult to make result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis be in stable state, stable state tubular furnace based on controlled equivalence ratio principle makes combustion and pyrolysis be in metastable state by Quality control supply rate, air supply rate and temperature, described in Chinese patent CN103926342A, achieve the accurate simulation of cigarette burning pyrolysis environment, for the guarantee that the accurate quantitative analysis of smoke chemistry composition, smog burst size provides, but, have no open report about the measuring method of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is the deficiency for avoiding existing for above-mentioned prior art, provides a kind of measurement mechanism and measuring method of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size, to realize the Measurement accuracy to tobacco smog burst size under different combustion and pyrolysis environment.

Technical solution problem of the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

The design feature of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size measurement mechanism of the present invention is:

The rotary heating furnace with temperature controller is set, quartz ampoule one end be placed in described rotary heating furnace is fire end, the other end is non-power hot junction, seal is provided with in described non-power hot junction, quartz boat is placed in described quartz ampoule, and at the uniform velocity can move along the axis of quartz ampoule, described seal is provided with one-level air intake opening; Described quartz ampoule is with its fire end pipe end for outlet side, and the access of described outlet side, in cooling and mixing case, described cooling and mixing case is respectively arranged with exhausr port and secondary inlet mouth;

Arrange the smoke indicator that is made up of incident light transmitter and emergent light receiver, described incident light transmitter and emergent light receiver divide and are on the correlation position, both sides of described dilution mixture case, and carry out signal with computing machine respectively and be connected.

The design feature of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size measurement mechanism of the present invention is also: at the outer setting stepper motor of described quartz ampoule, described quartz boat at the uniform velocity moves in quartz ampoule under the promotion of described stepper motor, and the driving channel between described stepper motor and quartz boat is arranged on seal.

The feature utilizing apparatus of the present invention to realize the method that result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size is measured is carried out as follows:

Step 1: calculate theoretical oxygen utilization;

Carry out for tobacco the massfraction that ultimate analysis obtains wherein C, H, O, S and N element, the compound be made up of each element of C, H, O, S and N in setting tobacco is C _xh _yo _zs _pn _q, then tobacco lucky clean-burning chemical formula in oxygen is: $C_x{H}_y{O}_z{S}_p{N}_q+t{O}_2=x{\mathrm{CO}}_2+\frac{y}{2}{H}_{2}O+p{\mathrm{SO}}_2+q{\mathrm{NO}}_2$

Wherein: the then volume V of required oxygen when C, H, O, S and the pyrolysis of N element Thorough combustion in 1 gram of tobacco _oxygenfor:

Wherein: b is the massfraction summation of C, H, O, S and N five kinds of elements; M is C _xh _yo _zs _pn _qmolecular weight, M=12x+y+16z+32p+14q; R is ideal gas constant; P is tested gaseous tension; T is tested gas temperature; Because in tobacco, the gross mass of C, H, O, S and N accounts for more than 90% of tobacco quality, therefore, by described V _oxygenbe considered as the clean-burning theoretical oxygen utilization of tobacco, then theoretical air consumption V during 1 gram of tobacco Thorough combustion pyrolysis _airfor: V _air=V _oxygen÷ 0.21

Theoretical delivery rate (the ν of setting tobacco _tobacco) _theoreticalfor 1g/min,

Then theoretical delivery (the ν of air _air) _theoreticalbe V _airl/min, and have:

Step 2: the actual flow (ν calculating air _air) _actualwith the actual provision speed (ν of tobacco _tobacco) _actual;

According to the equivalence ratio that equivalence ratio formula characterizes for:

Order for the equivalence ratio experimentally set, choose equivalence ratio for: actual provision speed (the ν obtaining tobacco is calculated by formula (1) _tobacco) _actualwith the actual flow (ν of air _air) _actualratio be:

And have:

Wherein, L is the length of quartz boat, and ν is the propelling speed of quartz boat, and W is uniform spreading is the quality of the tobacco on the quartz boat of L in length

Actual flow (the ν obtaining air is calculated by formula (1) and formula (2) _air) _actualfor:

Step 3: the temperature of setting rotary heating furnace is T ₀, one-level air intake opening air mass flow be (ν _air) _actual, secondary inlet mouth air mass flow be V ₂, quartz boat propelling speed be ν, be that the tobacco sample uniform spreading of W is on L quartz boat in length by quality, start experiment and measure the optical density D on the unit optical path length of smog in cooling and mixing case in real time by smoke indicator _l; Described quality is that the tobacco sample of W refers to and completes pretreated tobacco sample according to standard GB/T 16447-2004;

Step 4: unit of account quality result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size;

Choose the optical density D on unit optical path length _lthe interval of change fluctuation in time within ± 30% is considered as between steady-state zone, calculates and obtains optical density D _lmean value between steady-state zone wherein, t ₁and t ₂the starting point moment between steady-state zone and terminal moment respectively; The then smog mass optical density D of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis _mfor:

With described smog mass optical density D _mbe T as unit mass tobacco in temperature ₀, equivalence ratio is time combustion and pyrolysis smog burst size parameter of measurement.

Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:

1, the present invention can the key combustion key element such as oxygen concentration, the rate of heat addition and tobacco delivery rate accurately in control combustion process by regulation and control equivalence ratio and temperature, thus realizes the accurate simulation of kinds of cigarettes burning situation.

2, the tobacco sample in the present invention can reach more than ten grams of levels, breaches the very few drawback causing test result misalignment of existing means of testing tobacco sample consumption.

3, the smoke indicator adopted in the present invention measures according to classical delustring principle, different result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size is tested with its direct quantitative, not only eliminate existing means and need preparation experiment cigarette step, also effectively can weigh the smog release characteristics of different tobacco under the combustion and pyrolysis environment that each is concrete.

4, method of testing of the present invention is easy to operation, and test result accurately and reliably.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is measurement mechanism schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is smoke indicator schematic diagram in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is cured tobacco leaf (Kunming, Yunnan, C ₃f) exist d when 450 DEG C _ltest result for the first time;

Fig. 4 is cured tobacco leaf (Kunming, Yunnan, C ₃f) exist d when 450 DEG C _lsecond time test result;

Fig. 5 is cured tobacco leaf (Kunming, Yunnan, C ₃f) exist d when 450 DEG C _ltest result for the third time;

Number in the figure: 0 seal, 1 one-level air intake opening, 2 stepper motors, 3 quartz ampoules, 4 quartz boats, 5 tobacco samples, 6 rotary heating furnaces, 7 dilution mixture casees, 8 secondary inlet mouths, 9 exhausr ports, 10 smoke indicator, 11 computing machines, 101 incident light transmitters, 102 emergent light receivers.

Embodiment

See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the version of the measurement mechanism of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size is:

The rotary heating furnace 6 with temperature controller is set, quartz ampoule 3 one end be placed in rotary heating furnace 6 is fire end, the other end is non-power hot junction, seal 0 is provided with in non-power hot junction, quartz boat 4 is placed in quartz ampoule 3, and at the uniform velocity can move along the axis of quartz ampoule 3, seal 0 is provided with one-level air intake opening 1; Quartz ampoule 3 with its fire end pipe end for outlet side, outlet side access is in cooling and mixing case 7, cooling and mixing case 7 is respectively arranged with exhausr port 9 and secondary inlet mouth 8, at the outer setting stepper motor 2 of quartz ampoule 3, quartz boat 4 at the uniform velocity moves in quartz ampoule 3 under the promotion of stepper motor 2, and the driving channel between stepper motor 2 and quartz boat 4 is arranged on seal 0.

The smoke indicator 10 designed according to classical delustring principle be made up of incident light transmitter 101 and emergent light receiver 102 is set, incident light transmitter 101 and emergent light receiver 102 points are on the correlation position, both sides of dilution mixture case 7, and carry out signal with computing machine 11 respectively and be connected, obtain the optical density D on unit optical path length by computer calculate _l, wherein, I ₀be by the incident intensity of incident light transmitter 101 outgoing, I is the output intensity received by emergent light receiver 102, and B is that photomovement passes through the distance with flue gas, and unit is m.

The method realizing the measurement of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size in the present embodiment is carried out as follows:

Step 1: calculate theoretical oxygen utilization;

Carry out for tobacco the massfraction that ultimate analysis obtains wherein C, H, O, S and N element, the compound be made up of each element of C, H, O, S and N in setting tobacco is C _xh _yo _zs _pn _q, then tobacco lucky clean-burning chemical formula in oxygen is: $C_x{H}_y{O}_z{S}_p{N}_q+t{O}_2=x{\mathrm{CO}}_2+\frac{y}{2}{H}_{2}O+p{\mathrm{SO}}_2+q{\mathrm{NO}}_2$

Wherein: the then volume V of required oxygen when C, H, O, S and the pyrolysis of N element Thorough combustion in 1 gram of tobacco _oxygenfor:

Wherein: b is the massfraction summation of C, H, O, S and N five kinds of elements; M is C _xh _yo _zs _pn _qmolecular weight, M=12x+y+16z+32p+14q; R is ideal gas constant; P is tested gaseous tension; T is tested gas temperature; Because in tobacco, the gross mass of C, H, O, S and N accounts for more than 90% of tobacco quality, therefore, by V _oxygenbe considered as the clean-burning theoretical oxygen utilization of tobacco, then theoretical air consumption V during 1 gram of tobacco Thorough combustion pyrolysis _airfor: V _air=V _oxygen÷ 0.21

Theoretical delivery rate (the ν of setting tobacco _tobacco) _theoreticalfor 1g/min,

Then theoretical delivery (the ν of air _air) _theoreticalbe V _airl/min, and have:

Step 2: the actual flow (ν calculating air _air) _actualwith the actual provision speed (ν of tobacco _tobacco) _actual;

According to the equivalence ratio that equivalence ratio formula characterizes for:

Order for the equivalence ratio experimentally set, choose equivalence ratio for: actual provision speed (the ν obtaining tobacco is calculated by formula (1) _tobacco) _actualwith the actual flow (ν of air _air) _actualratio be:

And have:

Wherein, L is the length of quartz boat, and ν is the propelling speed of quartz boat, and W is uniform spreading is the quality of the tobacco on the quartz boat of L in length

Actual flow (the ν obtaining air is calculated by formula (1) and formula (2) _air) _actualfor:

Step 3: the temperature of setting rotary heating furnace is T ₀, one-level air intake opening air mass flow be (ν _air) _actual, secondary inlet mouth air mass flow be V ₂, quartz boat propelling speed be ν, be that tobacco sample 5 uniform spreading of W is on L quartz boat in length by quality, start experiment and measure the optical density D on the unit optical path length of smog in cooling and mixing case in real time by smoke indicator _l; Quality is that the tobacco sample of W refers to and completes pretreated tobacco sample according to standard GB/T 16447-2004;

Step 4: unit of account quality result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size;

Choose the optical density D on unit optical path length _lthe interval of change fluctuation in time within ± 30% is considered as between steady-state zone, calculates and obtains optical density D _lmean value between steady-state zone wherein, t ₁and t ₂the starting point moment between steady-state zone and terminal moment respectively; The then smog mass optical density D of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis _mfor:

With smog mass optical density D _mbe T as unit mass tobacco in temperature ₀, equivalence ratio is time combustion and pyrolysis smog burst size parameter of measurement.

Embodiment 1: the present embodiment is to cured tobacco leaf (Kunming, Yunnan, C ₃f) exist t ₀when=450 DEG C, the first time of smog burst size measures.

Cured tobacco leaf (Kunming, Yunnan, C ₃f), obtain its carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and element sulphur massfraction through ultimate analysis and be respectively 42.25%, 6.32%, 40.99%, 1.97%, 0.78%.The compound formula that in setting tobacco, these five kinds of elements form is C _xh _yo _zs _pn _q, in conjunction with results of elemental analyses, can C be reduced to ₃₅₂h ₆₃₂o ₂₅₆n ₁₄s ₂, the chemical formula of its Thorough combustion pyrolysis in oxygen is: C ₃₅₂h ₆₃₂o ₂₅₆n ₁₄s ₂+ 398O ₂→ 352CO ₂+ 316H ₂o+2SO ₂+ 14NO ₂.

Then at normal temperatures and pressures, namely temperature is 25 DEG C, and pressure is Elements C in this tobacco sample of 1.013MPa, 1g, H, O, N and S Thorough combustion requisite oxygen gas volume is:

Because the percentage composition summation of C, H, O, N and S is up to 92.31%, therefore, by V _oxygenbe considered as the clean-burning theoretical oxygen utilization of tobacco, therefore theoretical air consumption V during this tobacco Thorough combustion pyrolysis of 1g _airfor:

V _air=V _oxygen÷ 0.21=4.64L

Now, if the theoretical delivery rate of setting tobacco is 1g/min, then the theoretical delivery of air is 4.64L/mim, therefore has:

Choose equivalence ratio then can obtain

When on the quartz boat by this tobacco uniform spreading of 20g in length being 80cm, quartz boat fltting speed is 6cm/min, then the effective supply speed of tobacco is:

Then actual flow (the ν of air _air) _actualfor:

The propelling speed of setting stepper motor is 6cm/min, furnace temp T ₀be 450 DEG C, the charge flow rate (ν of one-level air intake opening _air) _actualfor the charge flow rate V of 6.98L/min, secondary inlet mouth ₂for 43.02L/min, precise 20g tobacco uniform spreading is on 80cm quartz boat in length, starts experiment and measures D in real time _l.D is learnt in conjunction with calculating according to Fig. 3 _lfluctuate between 350 ~ 760s within ± 30%, ask for D _lmean value in this interval for:

This tobacco of 1kg exists t ₀smog burst size first time test result when=450 DEG C, i.e. the smog mass optical density D of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis _mfor:

Embodiment 2: the present embodiment is to cured tobacco leaf (Kunming, Yunnan, C ₃f) exist t ₀when=450 DEG C, the second time of smog burst size is measured.

Experiment parameter arranges all identical with embodiment 1 with experimentation, Figure 4 shows that test result;

D is learnt by calculating _lfluctuate between 360 ~ 760s within ± 30%, ask for D _lmean value in this interval for:

$\stackrel{\‾}{D_L}=\frac{{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=350}^{760}{\left(D_L\right)}_i}{760-350}=3.89m^{-1}$

This tobacco of 1g exists t ₀smog burst size second time test result when=450 DEG C, i.e. the smog mass optical density D of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis _mfor:

Embodiment 3: the present embodiment is to cured tobacco leaf (Kunming, Yunnan, C ₃f) exist t ₀when=450 DEG C, the third time of smog burst size measures.

Experiment parameter arranges all identical with embodiment 1 with experimentation, Figure 5 shows that test result;

D is learnt by calculating _lfluctuate between 360 ~ 750s within ± 30%, ask for D _lmean value in this interval for:

$\stackrel{\‾}{D_L}=\frac{{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=350}^{760}{\left(D_L\right)}_i}{760-350}=3.96m^{-1}$

This tobacco of 1g exists t ₀smog burst size third time test result when=450 DEG C, i.e. the smog mass optical density D of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis _mfor:

Smog burst size results of measuring in embodiment 1,2 and 3 is arranged as table 1.Can learn, three test result mean values are 131.0m ²/ kg, three test results all within ± 1%, illustrate that the result of the smog burst size of being tested by measurement mechanism of the present invention is reproducible relative to the fluctuation of mean value.

Table 1 three test data analysis results

Claims (3)

1. a result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size measurement mechanism, is characterized in that:

The rotary heating furnace (6) with temperature controller is set, quartz ampoule (3) one end be placed in described rotary heating furnace (6) is fire end, the other end is non-power hot junction, seal (0) is provided with in described non-power hot junction, quartz boat (4) is placed in described quartz ampoule (3), and at the uniform velocity can move along the axis of quartz ampoule (3), described seal (0) is provided with one-level air intake opening (1); Described quartz ampoule (3) with its fire end pipe end for outlet side, the access of described outlet side, in cooling and mixing case (7), described cooling and mixing case (7) is respectively arranged with exhausr port (9) and secondary inlet mouth (8);

The smoke indicator (10) be made up of incident light transmitter (101) and emergent light receiver (102) is set, described incident light transmitter (101) and emergent light receiver (102) point are on the correlation position, both sides of described dilution mixture case (7), and carry out signal with computing machine (11) respectively and be connected.

2. result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: at the outer setting stepper motor (2) of described quartz ampoule (3), described quartz boat (4) at the uniform velocity moves in quartz ampoule (3) under the promotion of described stepper motor (2), and the driving channel between described stepper motor (2) and quartz boat (4) is arranged on seal (0).

3. utilize device described in claim 1 to realize a method for result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size measurement, it is characterized in that carrying out as follows:

Step 1: calculate theoretical oxygen utilization;

Carry out for tobacco the massfraction that ultimate analysis obtains wherein C, H, O, S and N element, the compound be made up of each element of C, H, O, S and N in setting tobacco is C _xh _yo _zs _pn _q, then tobacco lucky clean-burning chemical formula in oxygen is: $C_x{H}_y{O}_z{S}_p{N}_q+t{O}_2={\mathrm{xCO}}_2+\frac{y}{2}{H}_{2}O+{\mathrm{psO}}_2+{\mathrm{qNO}}_2$

Wherein: the then volume V of required oxygen when C, H, O, S and the pyrolysis of N element Thorough combustion in 1 gram of tobacco _oxygenfor:

Wherein: b is the massfraction summation of C, H, O, S and N five kinds of elements; M is C _xh _yo _zs _pn _qmolecular weight, M=12x+y+16z+32p+14q; R is ideal gas constant; P is tested gaseous tension; T is tested gas temperature; Because in tobacco, the gross mass of C, H, O, S and N accounts for more than 90% of tobacco quality, therefore, by described V _oxygenbe considered as the clean-burning theoretical oxygen utilization of tobacco, then theoretical air consumption V during 1 gram of tobacco Thorough combustion pyrolysis _airfor: V _air=V _oxygen÷ 0.21

Theoretical delivery rate (the ν of setting tobacco _tobacco) _theoreticalfor 1g/min,

Then theoretical delivery (the ν of air _air) _theoreticalbe V _airl/min, and have:

Step 2: the actual flow (ν calculating air _air) _actualwith the actual provision speed (ν of tobacco _tobacco) _actual;

According to the equivalence ratio that equivalence ratio formula characterizes for:

Order for the equivalence ratio experimentally set, choose equivalence ratio for: actual provision speed (the ν obtaining tobacco is calculated by formula (1) _tobacco) _actualwith the actual flow (ν of air _air) _actualratio be:

And have:

Wherein, L is the length of quartz boat, and ν is the propelling speed of quartz boat, and W is uniform spreading is the quality of the tobacco on the quartz boat of L in length

Actual flow (the ν obtaining air is calculated by formula (1) and formula (2) _air) _actualfor:

Step 3: the temperature of setting rotary heating furnace is T ₀, one-level air intake opening air mass flow be (ν _air) _actual, secondary inlet mouth air mass flow be V ₂, quartz boat propelling speed be ν, be that the tobacco sample uniform spreading of W is on L quartz boat in length by quality, start experiment and measure the optical density D on the unit optical path length of smog in cooling and mixing case in real time by smoke indicator _l; Described quality is that the tobacco sample of W refers to and completes pretreated tobacco sample according to standard GB/T 16447-2004;

Step 4: unit of account quality result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis smog burst size;

Choose the optical density D on unit optical path length _lthe interval of change fluctuation in time within ± 30% is considered as between steady-state zone, calculates and obtains optical density D _lmean value between steady-state zone wherein, t ₁and t ₂the starting point moment between steady-state zone and terminal moment respectively; The then smog mass optical density D of result of combustion of tobacco pyrolysis _mfor:

With described smog mass optical density D _mbe T as unit mass tobacco in temperature ₀, equivalence ratio is time combustion and pyrolysis smog burst size parameter of measurement.