CN104807570A - Device and method for measuring internal stress of plastic sheet products on basis of ultrasonic lamb waves - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring internal stress of plastic sheet products on basis of ultrasonic lamb waves Download PDFInfo
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- CN104807570A CN104807570A CN201510221488.5A CN201510221488A CN104807570A CN 104807570 A CN104807570 A CN 104807570A CN 201510221488 A CN201510221488 A CN 201510221488A CN 104807570 A CN104807570 A CN 104807570A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for measuring internal stress of plastic sheet products on the basis of ultrasonic lamp waves and belongs to the field of material performance detection. The device mechanically comprises a base, a longitudinal double-servo synchronous-drive moving component, a horizontal servo moving component and a test-piece clamping device; data collection processing and electric controlling systems transmit lamb wave signals on a digital oscilloscope to a computer processing system via a USB (universal serial bus), amplitude signals are processed to acquire stress distribution on different areas, and the electric controlling system controls a servo two-dimensional mobile platform to realize measurement of the different areas. The device and method is high in integration degree and simple in operation, standard splines are calibrated with the lamb wave amplitude signals under different stresses, and quantitative measurement of the internal stress distribution of the plastic sheet products can be realized by detection of lamb wave amplitudes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apparatus and method measuring sheet plastic goods internal stress based on ultrasonic Lamb waves propagation principle, belong to sheet plastic Performance Detection field.
Background technology
Sheet plastic goods particularly engineering plastics sheet products (thickness 0.1 ~ 15mm) are widely used in the high-tech areas such as aerospace field, auto industry and medicine equipment.But in its machine-shaping process, the impact of the composite factors such as uneven or melt itself plasticizing due to the cooldown rate of melt in mould, flow rate is uneven, final molding sheet products surface is caused to produce internal stress, the existence of this surperficial internal stress, sheet products can be made to produce warpage, distortion even can produce blind crack at product surface, finally affect the optical property of sheet plastic goods, mechanical property and serviceable life.Existing plastic material performance testing device all cannot realize the quantitative measurment to the distribution of sheet plastic goods internal stress.
The present invention is based on following principle:
The present invention is based on ultrasonic Lamb waves distinctive propagation characteristic in thin plate medium, namely be coupled to form by shear wave and compressional wave, long propagation not easily can decay and interfere effect with defect in sheet material or sheet material, when namely propagating in anisotropic material, amplitude decay can reflect the architectural characteristic of medium.
The present invention is based on Emission Lasers pulse irradiation on sheet plastic, be formed in the Lamb wave wherein propagated, see formula (1) according to the carat shellfish of straight beam bending dragon strain energy principle, obtain the amplitude that receives and dielectric resilient modulus is inversely proportional to.
A in formula (1)
1for the maximum displacement produced in Lamb wave communication process, the peak swing namely receiving place and receive, F is the maximum value of surging force that Lamb wave nidus applies, and EI is the bendind rigidity of thin plate, and M is the moment of flexure of straight beam.The amplitude A in Lamb wave communication process can be judged thus
1can reduce with the increase of Young modulus E.
The present invention is based on the relational theory of staphylococcin aureus, the differentiation of superpolymer aggregated structure can affect the mechanical property of polymkeric substance, as stretch orientation structure can improve the strength and modulus of material direction of orientation.Strand in the polymer uneven texture distribution also can cause the generation of internal stress, the architecture basics of this internal stress and polymer product mechanical property (comprising Young modulus) relation just.
The start-up portion of the stress-strain curve of many high polymer materials is not straight line.But along with the increase of drawing stress, the Young modulus of material can increase.Main cause is under unstress state, and moieties chain is in relaxed state, not complete tensioning; And along with the increase of stress, strand tensioning, the rigidity of strand increases, and therefore the Young modulus of material increased gradually in the starting stage.
Based on above theory, this intermediate quantity of Young modulus is utilized to set up the mapping relations of the amplitude of Lamb wave and the internal stress of sheet plastic goods, by the internal stress of the amplitude reflection test specimen of Lamb wave.
Therefore, the present invention is based on a carat shellfish dragon strain energy principle, the design feature of high molecular polymer and mechanical property, by measuring the Lamb wave amplitude electric signal V in test specimen unit length, effectively can avoid being difficult to measure and with the Young modulus E that stress constantly changes, realize the quantitative measurment of sheet plastic goods internal stress distribution.
By tension and compression stress caliberating device stress applied to unstressed standard sample bar and record corresponding Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude, obtaining the funtcional relationship between Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude and test specimen stress thus.Then bring the Lamb wave amplitude electric signal V in test specimen unit length into funtcional relationship, just can obtain the stress of this position test specimen.Above way is repeated in each region of test specimen, just can obtain the quantitative result of the internal stress distribution in the whole region of test specimen.
The present invention is based on servo drive control principle, accurately can be controlled the distance of launching site and acceptance point by driven by servomotor ball-screw, realize the mensuration of the zones of different internal stress distribution of large-scale sheet goods.Displacement can be expressed as:
(3) in formula s-worktable rectilinear movement distance (mm), the rotating speed (r/min) of n-servomotor, the pitch (mm) of l-ball-screw, t-servomotor working time (s).
Based on above theory, can mapping relations between method establishment zones of different internal stress by experiment and Lamb wave amplitude, finally can by the internal stress distribution of the sheet plastic goods of the amplitude coefficient value quantitative test zones of different of Lamb wave.
Summary of the invention
A kind of ultrasonic Lamb waves has been the object of the present invention is to provide to measure the apparatus and method of sheet plastic goods internal stress, its harmless fast quantification that cannot realize zones of different for existing sheet plastic goods internal stress measuring device is measured, this assay method is based on the propagation characteristic of Lamb wave in thin plate medium, structure and theory according to carat shellfish dragon strain energy principle and high molecular polymer is theoretical, driven the movement of sheet plastic article holder two-dimensional stage by transverse direction, servo longitudinal motor, realize the quantitative measurement of sheet plastic goods stress distribution.Wherein the thickness of sheet plastic is between 0.1 to 15mm, and the material of sheet plastic can be PC, PMMA, PP, ABS, POM, PBT, PPO etc.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is the apparatus and method that a kind of ultrasonic Lamb waves measures sheet plastic goods internal stress, wherein, a kind of determinator of sheet plastic product surface internal stress comprises servo two-dimensional movement platform, transmitting and receiving trap, data acquisition process and electric-control system, tension and compression stress caliberating device.
Specifically, servo two-dimensional movement stage apparatus comprise base 34, vertically move servocontrol component, horizontal servo mobile member, specimen holder device 43.Described base 34 is arranged on the bottom of servo two-dimensional movement stage apparatus; Vertically move servocontrol Components installation on base 34; Horizontal servo mobile member is arranged on and vertically moves on servocontrol component; Specimen holder device 43 is arranged on horizontal servo mobile member; Wherein, vertically move servocontrol component and comprise guide pillar 37, first longitudinal ball-screw 47 and the second longitudinal ball-screw 52, first longitudinal hold-down nut 39 and the second longitudinal hold-down nut 53, first servo longitudinal motor 48 and the second servo longitudinal motor 51, first brace summer 38, second brace summer 54, supporting sleeve 40; Horizontal servo mobile member comprises horizontal support platform 41, horizontal servomotor 46, transverse shifting nut 42, horizontal ball-screw 55; Specimen holder device 43 is connected with transverse shifting nut 42, can realize the movement of horizontal and longitudinal optional position displacement.
Described four guide pillars 37 are arranged on the surrounding vertically moving servocontrol component, and corresponding four supporting sleeve 40 one end are fixed by screws on the first brace summer 38 and the second brace summer 54, and the other end is fixed by screws on horizontal support platform 41; Guide pillar 37 is arranged on base 34, to insert in supporting sleeve 40 and to be slidably matched with supporting sleeve 40; First brace summer 38 and first longitudinal hold-down nut 39 are fixed together, and realize length feed along with the lengthwise movement of first longitudinal hold-down nut 39.Second brace summer 54 and second longitudinal hold-down nut 53 are fixed together, and realize length feed along with the lengthwise movement of second longitudinal hold-down nut 53.First longitudinal ball-screw 47 and second longitudinal ball-screw 52, it is arranged symmetrically in two-dimensional movement stage apparatus both sides.Horizontal servomotor 46 drives horizontal ball-screw 55 and transverse shifting nut 42 to do in-movement; Described first servo longitudinal motor 48, second servo longitudinal motor 51 is followed the tracks of for synchronous speed and is operated, to ensure the rate uniformity of the first servo longitudinal motor 48, second servo longitudinal motor 51, and the first longitudinal ball-screw 52 of longitudinal ball-screw 47, second and the longitudinal hold-down nut 53 of first longitudinal hold-down nut 39, second is driven to do length feed motion; Specimen holder device 43 is fixed on horizontal servo mobile member, realizes clamping the test specimen of different-thickness by regulating the distance of the front and back clamping plate in clamping device 43.
Specifically, transmitting and receiving trap comprise laser transmitting system and electric signal receiving trap; Described laser transmitting system comprises laser beam emitting device 6, rear reflector 7, front reflective mirror 8; Electric signal receiving trap comprises AE-sensor2, signal amplifier 3, band data communication oscillograph 4.
Laser beam emitting device 6, rear reflector 7, front reflective mirror 8 are respectively by being bolted on optical table, rear reflector 7, front reflective mirror 8 are parallel to each other and horizontal by 45 ° of angles, after laser is launched from laser beam emitting device 6, after rear reflector 7, front reflective mirror 8 secondary reflection, to realize optical path adjusting, be radiated at test specimen 1 surface.AE-sensor2 is bonded on test specimen 1 by coupling agent, and AE-sensor2 is connected with signal amplifier 3, after signal amplifier 3 amplifies, amplitude signal is sent on the numeral letter oscillograph 4 of band data communication, realizes amplitude image picture with the Real time displaying of voltage signal form.
Specifically, data acquisition process and electric-control system comprise computer data processing system and electric control cabinet.Computer data processing system comprises host computer display 9, host computer main frame 10, USB cable 11, the longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable 13 of hyperchannel A/D card 12, first, hyperchannel D/A card 14, horizontal A/D telecommunication cable 15, the longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable 19 of horizontal D/A telecommunication cable 16, second longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable 17, second longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable 18, first; Host computer main frame 10 is provided with data processing software and is communicated with digital oscilloscope 4 by USB cable 11, realizes the process of Lamb wave amplitude signal.
Specifically, electric control cabinet comprises Electric Appliance Cabinet 5, the longitudinal power lead 23 of horizontal servo controller 20, first servo longitudinal controller 21, second servo longitudinal controller 22, first, horizontal power lead 24, the longitudinal line of codes 28 of horizontal line of codes 25, first longitudinal line of codes 26, second longitudinal power lead 27, second, 24V power switch 29, power light 30, scram button 31, servo longitudinal electric motor starting button 32, horizontal servomotor start button 33.
In computer data processing system, described hyperchannel A/D card 12 is inserted on host computer main frame 10 respectively with hyperchannel D/A card 14.The longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable 13 of horizontal A/D telecommunication cable 15, first and second longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable 17 is wherein used hyperchannel A/D card 12 and horizontal servo controller 20, first servo longitudinal controller 21, second servo longitudinal controller 22 to be coupled together; Use the longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable 19 of horizontal D/A telecommunication cable 16, first and second longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable 18 hyperchannel D/A card 14 and horizontal servo controller 20, first servo longitudinal controller 21, second servo longitudinal controller 22 to be coupled together, realize servocontrol.In electric control cabinet, described 24V power switch 29, power light 30, scram button 31, servomotor start button 32, horizontal servomotor start button 33, horizontal servo controller 20, first servo longitudinal controller 21, second servo longitudinal controller 22 are arranged on Electric Appliance Cabinet 5 respectively.Horizontal servo controller 20 is connected with horizontal servomotor 46, transverse rotation scrambler 45 by horizontal power lead 24, horizontal line of codes 25; First servo longitudinal controller 21 is connected with the first servo longitudinal motor 48, rotary encoder 49 by the longitudinal line of codes 26 of first longitudinal power lead 23, first; Second servo longitudinal controller 22 is connected with the second servo longitudinal motor 51, rotary encoder 50 by the longitudinal line of codes 28 of second longitudinal power lead 27, second.
Specifically, tension and compression stress caliberating device comprises stepper motor 56, tension and compression travelling nut 57, standard batten blessing mechanism 58, standard batten 59, threaded screw rod 60.
In tension and compression stress caliberating device, standard batten 59 is clamped in standard batten and accommodates in mechanism 58.Stepper motor 56 drives threaded screw rod 60, tension and compression travelling nut 57 moving linearly, and applies tension and compression stress to standard batten 59.
Implementation method of the present invention, comprises following measuring process:
1) injection moulding some sheet plastics test specimen and some standard tensile battens, and by standard batten annealing destressing, as unstressed standard batten;
2) by tension and compression stress caliberating device, tension and compressive stress are applied to unstressed standard sample bar, record the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude of unit length standard batten under different stress value simultaneously, thus find the funtcional relationship between Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude and test specimen stress, and using this funtcional relationship as the benchmark demarcated.
3) the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude of the specified location on unit length test specimen is recorded.
4) funtcional relationship between the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude obtained according to step 2 and test specimen stress, substitute into the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude of assigned address on test specimen, just quantitatively can obtain size and the direction of the internal stress of test specimen on assigned address.On whole tested region, repeat this process successively, just quantitatively can obtain the stress distribution of test specimen on all regions.
The present invention and traditional internal stress method of testing have following obvious advantage.
1) the present invention adopts the high-precision gear train such as ball-screw, servo drive control to realize the accurate control of measuring distance, avoid the error artificially measured and bring, accuracy of measurement is higher, can carry out the measurement in slight distance to the internal stress at sample diverse location place.
2) by demarcating the Lamb wave amplitude electric signal of standard batten under different stress, effectively can avoid the sonoelastic coefficient being difficult to the tested goods measured, fast quantification measurement is carried out to the tension in sheet plastic or compressive stress.
3) by carrying out accurately stress and strain model to sheet products, the stress distribution obtaining sheet plastic goods arbitrary region can be measured.
4) nondestructively stress measurement can be carried out to sheet plastic goods.Both stress measurement can be carried out to flat test piece, also stress measurement can be carried out to curved surface test specimen simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Lamb waves generated by laser measures thin plate test specimen internal stress measuring schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 .1 is the two-dimensional movement platform front view of Serve Motor Control.
Fig. 2 .2 is the two-dimensional movement platform vertical view of Serve Motor Control.
Fig. 3 laser excitation and receiving trap.
Fig. 4 data acquisition process and electric-control system.
Fig. 5 tension and compression stress caliberating device schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 sheet plastic product testing control procedure process flow diagram.
Fig. 7 sheet products stress and strain model figure.
The waveform of Lamb wave during Fig. 8 initial position.
In figure: 1, test specimen to be measured; 2, AE-sensor; 3, signal amplifier; 4, data communication oscillograph is with; 5, Electric Appliance Cabinet; 6, laser beam emitting device; 7, rear reflector; 8, front reflective mirror; 9, host computer display; 10, host computer main frame; 11, USB cable; 12, hyperchannel A/D card; 13, first longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable; 14, hyperchannel D/A card; 15, horizontal A/D telecommunication cable; 16, horizontal D/A telecommunication cable; 17, second longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable; 18, second longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable; 19, first longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable; 20, horizontal servo controller; 21, the first servo longitudinal controller; 22, the second servo longitudinal controller; 23, first longitudinal power lead; 24, horizontal power lead; 25, horizontal line of codes; 26, first longitudinal line of codes; 27, second longitudinal power lead; 28, second longitudinal line of codes; 29,24V power switch; 30, power light; 31, scram button; 32, servomotor start button; 33, horizontal servomotor start button; 34, base; 37, guide pillar; 38, the first brace summer; 39, first longitudinal hold-down nut; 40, supporting sleeve; 41, horizontal support platform; 42, transverse shifting nut; 43, specimen holder device; 44, test specimen; 45, transverse rotation scrambler; 46, horizontal servomotor; 47, first longitudinal ball-screw; 48, the first servo longitudinal motor; 49, first longitudinal rotary encoder; 50, second longitudinal rotary encoder; 51, the second servo longitudinal motor; 52, second longitudinal ball-screw; 53, second longitudinal hold-down nut; 54, the second brace summer; 55, horizontal ball-screw; 56, stepper motor; 57, tension and compression travelling nut; 58, tension and compression batten accommodates mechanism; 59, standard batten; 60, threaded screw rod.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
As Figure 1-Figure 4, a kind of ultrasonic Lamb waves measures the apparatus and method of sheet plastic goods internal stress, wherein, a kind of determinator of sheet plastic product surface internal stress comprises servo two-dimensional movement platform, transmitting and receiving trap, data acquisition process and electric-control system, tension and compression stress caliberating device.
Specifically, servo two-dimensional movement stage apparatus comprise base 34, vertically move servocontrol component, horizontal servo mobile member, specimen holder device 43.Described base 34 is arranged on the bottom of servo two-dimensional movement stage apparatus; Vertically move servocontrol Components installation on base 34; Horizontal servo mobile member is arranged on and vertically moves on servocontrol component; Specimen holder device 43 is arranged on horizontal servo mobile member; Wherein, vertically move servocontrol component and comprise guide pillar 37, first longitudinal ball-screw 47 and the second longitudinal ball-screw 52, first longitudinal hold-down nut 39 and the second longitudinal hold-down nut 53, first servo longitudinal motor 48 and the second servo longitudinal motor 51, first brace summer 38, second brace summer 54, supporting sleeve 40; Horizontal servo mobile member comprises horizontal support platform 41, horizontal servomotor 46, transverse shifting nut 42, horizontal ball-screw 55; Specimen holder device 43 is connected with transverse shifting nut 42, can realize the movement of horizontal and longitudinal optional position displacement.
Described four guide pillars 37 are arranged on the surrounding vertically moving servocontrol component, and corresponding four supporting sleeve 40 one end are fixed by screws on the first brace summer 38 and the second brace summer 54, and the other end is fixed by screws on horizontal support platform 41; Guide pillar 37 is arranged on base 34, to insert in supporting sleeve 40 and to be slidably matched with supporting sleeve 40; First brace summer 38 and first longitudinal hold-down nut 39 are fixed together, and realize length feed along with the lengthwise movement of first longitudinal hold-down nut 39.Second brace summer 54 and second longitudinal hold-down nut 53 are fixed together, and realize length feed along with the lengthwise movement of second longitudinal hold-down nut 53.First longitudinal ball-screw 47 and second longitudinal ball-screw 52, it is arranged symmetrically in two-dimensional movement stage apparatus both sides.Horizontal servomotor 46 drives horizontal ball-screw 55 and transverse shifting nut 42 to do in-movement; Described first servo longitudinal motor 48, second servo longitudinal motor 51 is followed the tracks of for synchronous speed and is operated, to ensure the rate uniformity of the first servo longitudinal motor 48, second servo longitudinal motor 51, and the first longitudinal ball-screw 52 of longitudinal ball-screw 47, second and the longitudinal hold-down nut 53 of first longitudinal hold-down nut 39, second is driven to do length feed motion; Specimen holder device 43 is fixed on horizontal servo mobile member, realizes clamping the test specimen of different-thickness by regulating the distance of the front and back clamping plate in clamping device 43.
Specifically, transmitting and receiving trap comprise laser transmitting system and electric signal receiving trap; Described laser transmitting system comprises laser beam emitting device 6, rear reflector 7, front reflective mirror 8; Electric signal receiving trap comprises AE-sensor2, signal amplifier 3, band data communication oscillograph 4.
Laser beam emitting device 6, rear reflector 7, front reflective mirror 8 are respectively by being bolted on optical table, rear reflector 7, front reflective mirror 8 are parallel to each other and horizontal by 45 ° of angles, after laser is launched from laser beam emitting device 6, after rear reflector 7, front reflective mirror 8 secondary reflection, to realize optical path adjusting, be radiated at test specimen 1 surface.AE-sensor2 is bonded on test specimen 1 by coupling agent, and AE-sensor2 is connected with signal amplifier 3, after signal amplifier 3 amplifies, amplitude signal is sent on the numeral letter oscillograph 4 of band data communication, realizes amplitude image picture with the Real time displaying of voltage signal form.
Specifically, data acquisition process and electric-control system comprise computer data processing system and electric control cabinet.Computer data processing system comprises host computer display 9, host computer main frame 10, USB cable 11, the longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable 13 of hyperchannel A/D card 12, first, hyperchannel D/A card 14, horizontal A/D telecommunication cable 15, the longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable 19 of horizontal D/A telecommunication cable 16, second longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable 17, second longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable 18, first; Host computer main frame 10 is provided with data processing software and is communicated with digital oscilloscope 4 by USB cable 11, realizes the process of Lamb wave amplitude signal.
Specifically, electric control cabinet comprises Electric Appliance Cabinet 5, the longitudinal power lead 23 of horizontal servo controller 20, first servo longitudinal controller 21, second servo longitudinal controller 22, first, horizontal power lead 24, the longitudinal line of codes 28 of horizontal line of codes 25, first longitudinal line of codes 26, second longitudinal power lead 27, second, 24V power switch 29, power light 30, scram button 31, servo longitudinal electric motor starting button 32, horizontal servomotor start button 33.
In computer data processing system, described hyperchannel A/D card 12 is inserted on host computer main frame 10 respectively with hyperchannel D/A card 14.The longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable 13 of horizontal A/D telecommunication cable 15, first and second longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable 17 is wherein used hyperchannel A/D card 12 and horizontal servo controller 20, first servo longitudinal controller 21, second servo longitudinal controller 22 to be coupled together; Use the longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable 19 of horizontal D/A telecommunication cable 16, first and second longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable 18 hyperchannel D/A card 14 and horizontal servo controller 20, first servo longitudinal controller 21, second servo longitudinal controller 22 to be coupled together, realize servocontrol.In electric control cabinet, described 24V power switch 29, power light 30, scram button 31, servomotor start button 32, horizontal servomotor start button 33, horizontal servo controller 20, first servo longitudinal controller 21, second servo longitudinal controller 22 are arranged on Electric Appliance Cabinet 5 respectively.Horizontal servo controller 20 is connected with horizontal servomotor 46, transverse rotation scrambler 45 by horizontal power lead 24, horizontal line of codes 25; First servo longitudinal controller 21 is connected with the first servo longitudinal motor 48, rotary encoder 49 by the longitudinal line of codes 26 of first longitudinal power lead 23, first; Second servo longitudinal controller 22 is connected with the second servo longitudinal motor 51, rotary encoder 50 by the longitudinal line of codes 28 of second longitudinal power lead 27, second.
Specifically, tension and compression stress caliberating device comprises stepper motor 56, tension and compression travelling nut 57, standard batten blessing mechanism 58, standard batten 59, threaded screw rod 60.
In tension and compression stress caliberating device, standard batten 59 is clamped in standard batten and accommodates in mechanism 58.Stepper motor 56 drives threaded screw rod 60, tension and compression travelling nut 57 moving linearly, and applies tension and compression stress to standard batten 59.To be launched by Lamb wave and receiving trap records the Lamb wave electrical signal amplitude of standard batten under different stress, stress-Lamb wave amplitude can be realized and demarcate.
As shown in Figure 6, apply above-mentioned Lamb wave method polymer thin Stress of plate interior determinator, implementation method of the present invention, comprises following measuring process:
1) injection moulding some sheet plastics test specimen and some standard tensile battens, and by standard batten annealing destressing, as unstressed standard batten;
2) by tension and compression stress caliberating device, tension and compressive stress are applied to unstressed standard sample bar, record the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude of unit length standard batten under different stress value simultaneously, thus find the funtcional relationship between Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude and test specimen stress, and using this funtcional relationship as the benchmark demarcated.
3) the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude of the specified location on unit length test specimen is recorded.
4) funtcional relationship between the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude obtained according to step 2 and test specimen stress, substitute into the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude of assigned address on test specimen, just quantitatively can obtain size and the direction of the internal stress of test specimen on assigned address.On whole tested region, repeat this process successively, just quantitatively can obtain the stress distribution of test specimen on all regions.
Embodiment
The Lamb wave amplitude decay of sample is measured with above-mentioned Lamb wave method polymer thin Stress of plate interior determinator.
1) injection moulding some sheet plastics test specimen and some standard tensile battens, and by standard batten annealing destressing, as unstressed standard batten;
2) by tension and compression stress caliberating device, tension and compressive stress are applied to unstressed standard sample bar, record the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude of unit length standard batten under different stress value with Lamb wave transmitting and receiving trap simultaneously, thus find the funtcional relationship between Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude and test specimen stress, and using this funtcional relationship as the benchmark demarcated.
3) carry out stress and strain model to test specimen, using unit length as the grid length of side, each point place in grid is laser irradiating position and AE-sensor sensor placement location, and using the spacing of each point as measuring distance; Thus by the exact position of grid determination illuminated laser spot and AE-sensor sensor set-point;
4) test specimen is placed on specimen holder device, controls two-dimentional servo travel mechanism by electric control gear and make thin plate to be measured test exemplar in sharp light-struck region;
5) by coupling agent, AE-sensor sensor is fixed on the sensor set-point of preceding mark;
6) adjust rear mirror, make laser be radiated in the illuminated laser spot of preceding mark;
7) the amplitude attenuation results of Lamb wave in this region is by the amplification of signal amplifier, is finally presented on digital oscilloscope;
8) usb data communication is passed through, amplitude signal on digital oscilloscope is sent to computer data acquiring disposal system, in order to ensure measuring accuracy, the waveform of Lamb wave is analyzed, using the magnitude of voltage at maximum crest place as the voltage signal amplitude of Lamb wave at test zone;
9) funtcional relationship between the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude obtained according to step 2 and test specimen stress, substitute into the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude of assigned address on test specimen, just quantitatively can obtain size and the direction of the internal stress of test specimen on assigned address.On whole tested region, repeat this process successively, just quantitatively can obtain the stress distribution of test specimen on all regions.
Claims (3)
1. the demarcation of sheet plastic product surface internal stress and a determinator, is characterized in that: this device comprises servo two-dimensional movement platform, transmitting and receiving trap, data acquisition process and electric-control system, tension and compression stress caliberating device;
Specifically, servo two-dimensional movement stage apparatus comprise base (34), vertically move servocontrol component, horizontal servo mobile member, specimen holder device (43); Described base (34) is arranged on the bottom of servo two-dimensional movement stage apparatus; Vertically move servocontrol Components installation on base (34); Horizontal servo mobile member is arranged on and vertically moves on servocontrol component; Specimen holder device (43) is arranged on horizontal servo mobile member; Wherein, vertically move servocontrol component and comprise guide pillar (37), first longitudinal ball-screw (47) and second longitudinal ball-screw (52), first longitudinal hold-down nut (39) and second longitudinal hold-down nut (53), the first servo longitudinal motor (48) and the second servo longitudinal motor (51), the first brace summer (38), the second brace summer (54), supporting sleeve (40); Horizontal servo mobile member comprises horizontal support platform (41), horizontal servomotor (46), transverse shifting nut (42), horizontal ball-screw (55); Specimen holder device (43) is connected with transverse shifting nut (42), can realize the movement of horizontal and longitudinal optional position displacement;
Described four guide pillars (37) are arranged on the surrounding vertically moving servocontrol component, corresponding four supporting sleeve (40) one end are fixed by screws on the first brace summer (38) and the second brace summer (54), and the other end is fixed by screws on horizontal support platform (41); Guide pillar (37) is arranged on base (34), to insert in supporting sleeve (40) and to be slidably matched with supporting sleeve (40); First brace summer (38) and first longitudinal hold-down nut (39) are fixed together, and realize length feed along with the lengthwise movement of first longitudinal hold-down nut (39); Second brace summer (54) and second longitudinal hold-down nut (53) are fixed together, and realize length feed along with the lengthwise movement of second longitudinal hold-down nut (53); First longitudinal ball-screw (47) and second longitudinal ball-screw (52), it is arranged symmetrically in two-dimensional movement stage apparatus both sides; Horizontal servomotor (46) drives horizontal ball-screw (55) and transverse shifting nut (42) to do in-movement; Described first servo longitudinal motor (48), the second servo longitudinal motor (51) be synchronous speed follow the tracks of running, and drive first longitudinal ball-screw (47), second longitudinal ball-screw (52) and first longitudinal hold-down nut (39), second longitudinal hold-down nut (53) do length feed move; Specimen holder device (43) is fixed on horizontal servo mobile member, realizes clamping the test specimen of different-thickness by regulating the distance of the front and back clamping plate in clamping device (43);
Specifically, transmitting and receiving trap comprise laser transmitting system and electric signal receiving trap; Described laser transmitting system comprises laser beam emitting device (6), rear reflector (7), front reflective mirror (8); Electric signal receiving trap comprises AE-sensor (2), signal amplifier (3), band data communication oscillograph (4);
Laser beam emitting device (6), rear reflector (7), front reflective mirror (8) are respectively by being bolted on optical table, rear reflector (7), front reflective mirror (8) are parallel to each other and horizontal by 45 ° of angles, after laser is launched from laser beam emitting device (6), after rear reflector (7), front reflective mirror (8) secondary reflection, to realize optical path adjusting, be radiated at test specimen (1) surface; AE-sensor (2) is bonded on test specimen (1) by coupling agent, and AE-sensor (2) is connected with signal amplifier (3), after signal amplifier (3) amplifies, amplitude signal is sent in numeral letter oscillograph (4) of band data communication, realizes amplitude image picture with the Real time displaying of voltage signal form;
Specifically, data acquisition process and electric-control system comprise computer data processing system and electric control cabinet; Computer data processing system comprises host computer display (9), host computer main frame (10), USB cable (11), hyperchannel A/D card (12), first longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable (13), hyperchannel D/A card (14), horizontal A/D telecommunication cable (15), horizontal D/A telecommunication cable (16), second longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable (17), second longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable (18), first longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable (19); Host computer main frame (10) is provided with data processing software and is communicated with digital oscilloscope (4) by USB cable (11), realizes the process of Lamb wave amplitude signal;
Electric control cabinet comprises Electric Appliance Cabinet (5), horizontal servo controller (20), first servo longitudinal controller (21), second servo longitudinal controller (22), first longitudinal power lead (23), horizontal power lead (24), horizontal line of codes (25), first longitudinal line of codes (26), second longitudinal power lead (27), second longitudinal line of codes (28), 24V power switch (29), power light (30), scram button (31), servo longitudinal electric motor starting button (32), horizontal servomotor start button (33),
In computer data processing system, described hyperchannel A/D card (12) and hyperchannel D/A card (14) are inserted on host computer main frame (10) respectively; Horizontal A/D telecommunication cable (15), first longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable (13) and second longitudinal A/D telecommunication cable (17) is wherein used hyperchannel A/D card (12) and horizontal servo controller (20), the first servo longitudinal controller (21), the second servo longitudinal controller (22) to be coupled together; Use horizontal D/A telecommunication cable (16), first longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable (19) and second longitudinal D/A telecommunication cable (18) hyperchannel D/A card (14) and horizontal servo controller (20), the first servo longitudinal controller (21), the second servo longitudinal controller (22) to be coupled together, realize servocontrol; In electric control cabinet, described 24V power switch (29), power light (30), scram button (31), servomotor start button (32), horizontal servomotor start button (33), horizontal servo controller (20), the first servo longitudinal controller (21), the second servo longitudinal controller (22) are arranged on Electric Appliance Cabinet (5) respectively; Horizontal servo controller (20) is connected with horizontal servomotor (46), transverse rotation scrambler (45) by horizontal power lead (24), horizontal line of codes (25); First servo longitudinal controller (21) is connected with the first servo longitudinal motor (48), rotary encoder (49) by first longitudinal power lead (23), first longitudinal line of codes (26); Second servo longitudinal controller (22) is connected with the second servo longitudinal motor (51), rotary encoder (50) by second longitudinal power lead (27), second longitudinal line of codes (28);
Specifically, tension and compression stress caliberating device comprises stepper motor (56), tension and compression travelling nut (57), standard batten blessing mechanism (58), standard batten (59), threaded screw rod (60);
In tension and compression stress caliberating device, standard batten (59) is clamped in standard batten and accommodates in mechanism (58); Stepper motor (56) drives threaded screw rod (60), tension and compression travelling nut (57) moving linearly, and applies tension and compression stress to standard batten (59); To be launched by Lamb wave and receiving trap records the Lamb wave electrical signal amplitude of standard batten under different stress, stress-Lamb wave amplitude can be realized and demarcate.
2., according to the determinator of a kind of sheet plastic product surface internal stress according to claim 1, obtain the scaling method that a kind of ultrasonic Lamb waves measures sheet plastic goods internal stress, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps,
1) injection moulding some sheet plastics test specimen and some standard tensile battens, and by standard batten annealing destressing, as unstressed standard batten;
2) by tension and compression stress caliberating device, tension and compressive stress are applied to unstressed standard sample bar, record the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude of unit length standard batten under different stress value simultaneously, thus find the funtcional relationship between Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude and standard batten stress, and using this funtcional relationship as the benchmark demarcated.
3., based on the scaling method of a kind of sheet plastic product surface internal stress according to claim 2, set up sheet plastic product surface internal stress method of testing and step, its step is as follows:
1) carry out stress and strain model to test specimen, using unit length as the grid length of side, each point place in grid is laser irradiating position and AE-sensor sensor placement location, and using the spacing of each point as measuring distance; Thus by the exact position of grid determination illuminated laser spot and AE-sensor sensor set-point;
2) test specimen is placed on specimen holder device, controls two-dimentional servo travel mechanism by electric control gear and make thin plate to be measured test exemplar in sharp light-struck region;
3) by coupling agent, AE-sensor sensor is fixed on the sensor set-point of preceding mark;
4) adjust rear mirror, make laser be radiated in the illuminated laser spot of preceding mark;
5) the amplitude attenuation results of Lamb wave in this region is by the amplification of signal amplifier, is finally presented on digital oscilloscope;
6) usb data communication is passed through, amplitude signal on digital oscilloscope is sent to computer data acquiring disposal system, in order to ensure measuring accuracy, the waveform of Lamb wave is analyzed, using the magnitude of voltage at maximum crest place as the voltage signal amplitude of Lamb wave at test zone;
7) based on the funtcional relationship between Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude and test specimen stress, substitute into the Lamb wave voltage signal amplitude of assigned address on test specimen, just quantitatively can obtain size and the direction of the internal stress of test specimen on assigned address; On whole tested region, repeat this process successively, quantitatively obtain the stress distribution of test specimen on all regions.
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