CN104797215A - 用于减少眼内透镜中的光效应的边缘设计 - Google Patents

用于减少眼内透镜中的光效应的边缘设计 Download PDF

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CN104797215A
CN104797215A CN201380060013.1A CN201380060013A CN104797215A CN 104797215 A CN104797215 A CN 104797215A CN 201380060013 A CN201380060013 A CN 201380060013A CN 104797215 A CN104797215 A CN 104797215A
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CN104797215B (zh
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R·D·安格洛普洛斯
K·K·达斯
J·麦克卡恩
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Alcon Inc
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Abstract

一种眼内透镜(IOL)具有镜片、周边外缘和将所述镜片连接至所述周边外缘的厚度减小区域。所述周边外缘具有连续弯曲外边缘，所述边缘不包括任何沿着其长度或在所述外边缘与所述IOL的前或后表面的交点处平行于光轴的切线。

Description

用于减少眼内透镜中的光效应的边缘设计
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及眼内透镜领域，更具体地说涉及用于减少眼内透镜中的非所需光效应的边缘设计。
发明背景
人眼简单来说是用来提供视力，这是通过使光透射通过被称为角膜的透明外部并经由晶状体将图像聚焦在视网膜上而实现。聚焦图像的质量取决于许多因素，包括眼睛的大小和形状以及角膜和透镜的透明度。当年龄和疾病导致透镜的透明度降低，视力由于可以传递至视网膜的光减少而衰退。眼睛透镜的这种缺陷在医学上被称为白内障。针对这种病状的被接受的治疗方法是手术移除透镜并用人工眼内透镜(IOL)代替透镜功能。在美国，大多数内障性透镜是通过被称作超声乳化法的手术技术被移除。在这个过程中，在前囊中形成开口，将薄的超声乳化法切割尖端插入患病透镜中并使该尖端超声振动。振动的切割尖端液化或乳化透镜，使得该透镜可以被抽出眼睛。患病透镜一旦被移除，就被IOL替换。
对于眼内透镜来说，已知的困难是偏轴光线可以被反射或透射到视野内，从而产生不期望的光效应。IOL的边缘设计已经被提出用来将非所需的光线引导至不同位置，但是根据入射光的入射角，这可能无法充分地解决问题且可能非故意地产生新的光效应。在为了机械稳定性而使用特定边缘形状的薄透镜中，这些问题可能会加重。因此，仍然需要降低这些不期望的光效应。
具体实施方式
本发明的各个实施方案提供IOL的成形边缘以减少光效应。在具体实施方案中，IOL的前表面是由连续弯曲边缘形成，该连续弯曲边缘重新定向透射和反射的偏轴光以减少不利的视觉效应。在一些实施方案中，连续弯曲边缘还可以连同加厚的周边一起使用，以允许提高相对薄透镜的机械稳定性。各个实施方案的进一步特征和优点将通过以下详细描述而变得显而易见。
使用加厚外缘来提高机械稳定性的可折叠IOL设计被公开在例如美国专利申请公开号2009/0088842中，其以引用的方式并入本文。这样的设计可以在透镜的前表面和/或后表面上包括围绕镜片边缘的凹面，从而降低镜片的总体体积。该凹面进而被附接至触件的加厚外缘包围，从而提供附加的机械稳定性以防止镜片屈曲或倾斜。外缘和入射偏轴光线间的相互作用可以产生会使IOL患者的视觉质量恶化的非所需光效应。本发明的各个实施方案提供针对这些IOL的改进边缘设计，以减少这些非所需光效应。
图1说明了根据本发明的一个具体实施方案的实例IOL 10。IOL 10是由本领域技术人员已知的任何许多种柔软可折叠生物可相容材料中的一种形成的单件，这些材料包括但不限于硅酮、水凝胶和柔软丙烯酸材料，还可以包括用来吸收特定波长范围的光(例如紫外光)的化合物。在所描绘的实施方案中，IOL 10包括镜片12和触件14。镜片12是指IOL 10的中心区域，其被配置成将入射光聚焦在视网膜上以提供视力给患者。镜片12的光轴对应于来自被镜片12聚焦的远处物体的平行光线的方向。镜片的光学表面被定义为具有决定镜片的屈光度(optical power)的基底曲率的区域，其中这个光学区的外边界定义该镜片的边缘厚度(“厚度”在此情况下是指沿着光轴的厚度)。光学表面的直径优选在4.5-7.0mm的范围内，相当于患者的瞳孔直径的普通范围。
在所描绘的实施方案中，镜片12被描绘为单焦点折射镜片，其中曲率半径决定了镜片12的屈光度。然而，原则上，镜片12可以具有任何适于使光聚焦在视网膜上的结构，其可以包括衍射或折射元件。镜片12还可以包括适于校正单色像差或色像差(包括但不限于任何阶数的球面像差、彗差、像散)的改动，包括像环面或非球面光学表面的这些手段。因此，本领域技术人员应该了解，针对IOL的任何数量的已知光学设计可以包括在本发明的各个实施方案中。
IOL 10被描绘为通常被移植在囊袋中的IOL，但是本发明的各个实施方案可以包括放置在眼睛前房中的有晶状体眼IOL或用于后房的睫状沟固定透镜。触件14可以包括用于IOL的任何机械支撑结构，其维持IOL就位在适当的解剖学位置。在所描绘的实施方案中示出的触件14通常用于放置在囊袋中，但本领域技术人员将意识到对所描绘的结构的许多其它改动。触件14被示出为与IOL 10的其余部分整体形成，但是它们还可以是附接至IOL 10的周边的独立件。
外缘30是与镜片12整体形成的IOL 10的加厚最外周边，其结合至触件14并在IOL 10就位时为镜片12提供机械稳定性。外缘30连接至围绕光学表面的相对于光学表面的边缘(这时厚度是沿着IOL 10的光轴测量)厚度减小的区域。外缘30相对于这个厚度减小区域是加厚的。为了提供有利的薄IOL形态，相对于0.19mm-0.45mm的预期镜片厚度，外缘应该具有0.3mm或更小的厚度，而厚度减小区域为0.1mm厚或更低。然而，根据透镜的屈光度要求，可能需要厚得多的透镜，这样外缘30和镜片12的厚度减小区域可以更厚，同时仍然允许镜片12以相对于如果不存在外缘30时较小的厚度保持稳定。
图2示出了具有连续弯曲外边缘的IOL 100的一个具体实施方案的横截面视图，该横截面是沿着图1的线A-A取得。外边缘102朝外背离光轴，并在IOL的前表面104和后表面106之间延伸，在拐角处与各别表面104和106汇合，这可以是尖锐不连续性或表面形态沿光轴的更渐进一些的逆转。外边缘102是“连续弯曲”，也就是说它不包括任何沿着其长度或在外边缘102与表面104和106中任一个的交点处平行于光轴的切线。在具体实施方案中，连续弯曲外边缘102的曲率半径可以是恒定和相对渐进的，例如0.8mm。在其它实施方案中，连续弯曲外边缘的曲率半径可以是相对陡峭的，例如1.19mm。通过将相对大的表面积呈现给没有任何一致表面定向的入射光，连续弯曲边缘从而防止偏轴光的任何实质上透过该边缘至任何特定位置以及将内部反射光分配成远离视网膜的小窝。这些特征的组合由此减少非所需的光现象。
有利地，该连续弯曲边缘还可以被配置成将光引导至特定位置。例如，外边缘102的第一部分可以具有将内部光线反射到镜片12的本体内的位置的配置(定向和曲率)，而外边缘102的第二部分可以具有使得其将入射光线反射到镜片12的本体的外部且一般是后面的曲率。这种组合有助于将偏轴光重新定向成远离视野。另外，外边缘102和/或前表面和/或后表面104和106的周边可以被纹理化、涂覆等，以在一定程度上散射或吸收入射光，这可以进一步减少非所需光效应。
在图2所描绘的实施方案中，镜片12周围的厚度减小区域是由位于镜片12的光学表面外部的前表面104中的凹陷形成，而后表面106具有直到后表面106与外边缘102相交的拐角处的连续曲率。与外边缘102的特征结合，这促进了外边缘102将光重新定向成远离视野的能力。图3示出了一个替代性实施方案，其中前表面108和后表面110都有凹陷以形成厚度减小区域。相对于平坦外边缘，连续弯曲外边缘102仍将产生降低的光效应，但是凹陷的后表面110可以倾向于引导光线更接近小窝，这会使得光效应相对于图2中所示的实施方案更加显著。然而，连续弯曲边缘设计仍可以在这些情况下提供改进的性能。
在图2所描绘的实施方案中，IOL的前表面104与周边外缘102在尖锐不连续性处汇合。图4说明了一个替代性实施方案，其中具有相同最大厚度的周边外缘102的前表面104包括与厚度减小区域汇合的平坦前向表面。与图3中的情况一样，可以存在与前表面的平坦部分相关的额外光效应，例如偏轴光线的透射，但是这些效应将通过连续弯曲外边缘在一定程度上减轻。
一般技术人员将了解，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下可以对上述实施方案作出各种改变。

Claims (9)

1.一种由柔软、可折叠材料形成的眼内透镜(IOL)，所述眼内透镜包括：
镜片，其具有基底曲率对应于所述镜片的屈光度的光学表面，所述镜片在所述光学表面的外边界处具有边缘厚度；
周边外缘，其形成为围绕所述镜片的圆圈，所述周边外缘具有最大厚度，所述周边外缘具有在所述IOL的前表面和后表面之间延伸并与各表面在各别拐角处相交的连续弯曲外边缘；以及
厚度减小区域，其位于所述镜片的所述光学表面的外部且在所述周边外缘和所述镜片之间，所述厚度减小区域与所述周边外缘和所述镜片整体形成，且相对于所述周边外缘的所述最大厚度和所述镜片的所述边缘厚度具有减小的厚度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的IOL，其中所述连续弯曲外边缘包括第一部分，所述第一部分具有被配置成将偏轴光线反射到所述镜片内的曲率；以及第二部分，所述第二部分具有被配置成将偏轴光线反射到所述镜片后方的曲率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的IOL，其中所述IOL的前表面产生凹陷以形成所述厚度减小区域。
4.根据权利要求3所述的IOL，其中所述IOL的所述前表面和所述IOL的所述后表面都产生凹陷以形成所述厚度减小区域。
5.根据权利要求1所述的IOL，其中所述镜片是单焦点折射镜片。
6.根据权利要求5所述的IOL，其中所述镜片为环面、非球面或二者兼有。
7.根据权利要求1所述的IOL，其中所述外边缘、所述IOL的前表面和所述IOL的后表面中的至少一个被纹理化，以散射入射光。
8.根据权利要求1所述的IOL，其中所述外边缘的曲率半径是0.8mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的IOL，其中所述外边缘的曲率半径是1.19mm。
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