CN104792582A - Pollution source fine particulate matter dilution sampling method and device - Google Patents
Pollution source fine particulate matter dilution sampling method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104792582A CN104792582A CN201510221721.XA CN201510221721A CN104792582A CN 104792582 A CN104792582 A CN 104792582A CN 201510221721 A CN201510221721 A CN 201510221721A CN 104792582 A CN104792582 A CN 104792582A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pollution source fine particulate matter dilution sampling method and device. The device comprises a multifunctional sampling pipe, a retention chamber, a PM10 particulate matter cutter, a shunt, an automatic film changing device, a PM2.5 particulate matter cutter, a PM10 sampling filter film, a PM2.5 sampling filter film, a flow sensor q, a three-way pipe, an electromagnetic valve, a PM10 sampling pump, a PM2.5 sampling pump, a dilution gas channel system and pipeline, a single-chip microcomputer, a pitot pipe differential pressure sensor delta P1, a temperature sensor Tc, a pressure sensor Pc, a pressure sensor Pd, a display device, a keyboard and a communication interface, wherein the multifunctional sampling pipe, the retention chamber, the PM10 particulate matter cutter and the shunt are sequentially connected in series. The device provided by the invention can realize the functions of constant-speed sampling of sample gas, simultaneous constant-current graded sampling of particulate matters with different particle sizes in the sample gas, real-time measurement of humidity of the sample gas and automatic film changing, and also can figure out the emission concentration and emission amount of PM10 and PM2.5 according to the flow rate of the sample gas in the pipeline, the diameter of the pipeline, the sampling volume and the amount of PM10 and PM2.5 obtained by sampling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pollution source fine particle dilution sampling method and device, belong to environment monitoring instrument field.
Background technology
The waste gas given off from discharge of pollutant sources pipeline (hereinafter referred to as pipeline) and fine particle, because the humidity of gas in pipelines, temperature are higher than ambient humidity, temperature, many dynamic physical chemical dynamics processes (nucleogenesis, coagulation, compression etc.) and chemical process can be there is after being discharged into ambient atmosphere, surrounding air is polluted.In order to monitor pipeline fine particle emission behaviour and atmospheric pollution source, pollution source fine particle samplers sample sample need be used.
Existing technology is:
Dilution after adopting fluidics to be taken out in pipeline by sample gas, collected specimens after sample air humidity degree, temperature, concentration are reduced.Shortcoming is when adopting fluidics, and sampling flow velocity constant speed can not follow the tracks of gas in pipelines change in flow, therefore cannot realize isokinetic sampling.
Adopt isokinetic sampling's device of material balance method design, the air of using of equal proportion after diluted sample gas, uses PM in dilution tank
2.5cutter gathers the PM in combination gas
2.5sample, is all discharged dilution tank more than the sample gas combination gas beyond the flow of cutter for particles working point, therefore needs to increase the aspiration pump of the flow measurement of Exhaust Gas and control module and more large discharge.Except causing sampling thief volume, weight, cost, energy consumption and increasing, PM can't be calculated
2.5the concentration of particle and discharge capacity.
Existing sampling thief, in sampling process, does not all have humidity real time monitoring function, can not be used for gathering PM simultaneously
10, PM
2.5sample, and need manually to change filter membrane, effort of taking a lot of work.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is for the deficiency existing for prior art, a kind of pollution source fine particle dilution sampling method and device are provided, utilize cutter for particles (hereinafter referred to as cutter) to remove large aerosol particle thing, target particles thing is collected on filter membrane or in container or in gas circuit (when using automatic analytical instrument).Its technical conditions are implement constant flow sampling according to the working point flow of cutter, remain constant by the gas flow of cutter.Its technology path is before cutter, arranges two gas circuits and a diluter, and one of them gas circuit is used for extracting sample gas in diluter from constant speed in pipeline, and its flow value is q
r ', q
r 'moment changes according to change in flow in pipeline; Another gas circuit is dilution tunnel, by clean air by the air compressor machine (or flow control valve) in dilution tunnel by air Injection diluter, its flow value is q
x, q
xvalue equals cutter working point flow value q
cwith q
r 'the difference of value, the moment is according to q
r 'value changes and changes, that is: q
c=q
r '+ q
x.During sampling thief work, utilize sensor and scm observe and control technology, according to the flow velocity in pipeline and change, control the rotating speed of sampling pump, implement isokinetic sampling, sample gas is pumped in diluter, and according to cutter working point flow q
cwith isokinetic sampling's flow q
r 'difference q
xthe large young pathbreaker's cleaned air of aperture of the rotating speed or flow control valve that control air compressor machine is sent in diluter and is diluted by sample gas, and the temperature of sample gas, humidity are reduced; Utilize aerodynamic principle, the sample gas after diluter dilution mixture is through cutter, and large particle is removed, and remaining aerosol sample enters in hypomere gas circuit collected, realizes sample gas isokinetic sampling and PM in pipeline
10, PM
2.5the sample grading of constant current simultaneously; Control driven by motor specimen holder with single-chip microcomputer, position transducer to realize automatically changing filter membrane; Utilize humidity sensor can measure sample air humidity degree in real time; According to sample gas velocity, pipe diameter, sampling volume and sampling gained PM in pipeline
10, PM
2.5gauge calculate PM
10, PM
2.5concentration of emission and discharge capacity.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of pollution source fine particle dilution sampling method and device, comprise multi-functional sampling pipe, chamber, PM
10cutter for particles, shunt, Automatic change film device, PM
2.5cutter for particles, PM
10sampling membrane, PM
2.5sampling membrane, flow sensor q, three-way pipe, solenoid valve, PM
10sampling pump, PM
2.5sampling pump, carrier gas channel system and pipeline, single-chip microcomputer, pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
1, temperature sensor T
c, pressure transducer P
c, pressure transducer P
d, display, keyboard, communication interface; Described multi-functional sampling pipe, chamber, PM
10cutter for particles, shunt are connected successively.
Further, described multi-functional sampling pipe, by sampling mouth, sampling pipe, heating arrangement, diluter, Tube Temperature Sensor T
s, pipe pressure sensor P
s, humidity sensor, temperature sensor T
g, pitot tube composition; Sampling mouth, sampling pipe, diluter are connected successively; Pitot tube and pipe pressure sensor P
s, pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
1connect.
Further described Tube Temperature Sensor T
s, pressure transducer P
s, humidity sensor, temperature sensor T
g, pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
1, heating arrangement all electrically connects with single-chip microcomputer.
Further, described carrier gas channel system and pipeline, by filtrator, exsiccator, dilution air flow quantity sensor, flow control valve, air compressor machine, (when sampling pump works, can inject flow by control flow check adjustable valve aperture size in diluter is q
xduring the cleaned air of value, air compressor machine can save), pipeline composition, and to connect successively, by pipeline, air compressor machine gas outlet connected with carrier gas air intake opening.
Further described dilution air flow quantity sensor, flow control valve, air compressor machine all electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer.
Further, described sampling pipe can be made up of interior polishing stainless steel pipe or glass.Sampling pipe one termination sampling mouth, another termination diluter; Sampling pipe outer wall is installed heating arrangement and temperature sensor T
g; Described heating arrangement carries out heating and thermal insulation to sample gas in sampling pipe, prevents the sample gas of high temperature in pipeline, high humidity to lower the temperature on sampling pipe inwall condensation, the form of sample gas and composition are changed.
Further, described diluter is made up of sample gas air intake opening, carrier gas air intake opening, gas outlet and shell; Sample gas air intake opening one end and sampling pipe are connected into one, and the other end stretches into diluter inside; Carrier gas air intake opening is arranged on shell, communicates with diluter inside; Gas outlet is arranged on end cap, and one end communicates with diluter inside, another termination chamber.
Further, described chamber is made up of sample gas mixed gas inlet, sample gas combination gas gas outlet and shell; Mixed gas inlet connects with diluter gas outlet, and combination gas gas outlet connects cutter for particles.
Further, described PM
10cutter for particles porch is provided with temperature sensor Tc, pressure transducer P
c, described PM
2.5cutter for particles porch is provided with pressure transducer P
d; Described temperature sensor T
c, pressure transducer P
c, pressure transducer P
dall electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer.
Further, described shunt is a closed circular cylindrical cavity, a shunt draft tube stretches into shunt inside from center, shunt upper surface, shunt escape pipe stretches into shunt inside from the lower surface of shunt, and be centrally circumferentially uniformly distributed same, described shunt escape pipe number is generally 2-100 root; Shunt draft tube connects with the outlet of cutter for particles, shunt escape pipe serial connection PM
10sampling membrane, also can meet PM
2.5the draft tube of cutter for particles.
Further, described PM
2.5the draft tube of cutter for particles also can stretch into shunt inside, PM from the side
2.5pM is connected in series after cutter for particles
2.5sampling membrane.
Further, PM
10sampling membrane, PM
2.5sampling membrane outlet is connected in series flow sensor q, solenoid valve and sampling pump respectively successively.
Further, described display, keyboard, communication interface all electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer.
Further, described flow sensor q, solenoid valve, aspiration pump all electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer.
Further, described Automatic change film device, comprises the part compositions such as air intake opening, upper sealing pad, filter membrane, filter membrane clip, platform, O-ring seal, specimen holder, lower seal dish, gas outlet, motor 53, guide pole, fixed head 54, nut 51, position transducer 57, position transducer 58, motor 60, fixed head 61, nut 44, guide rail support frame, position transducer 50, position transducer 59; Described motor 53, motor 60, position transducer 57, position transducer 58, position transducer 50, position transducer 59 all electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer.
Further, described Automatic change film device, air intake opening is arranged on sealing pad, filter membrane is arranged in filter membrane clip, filter membrane clip is placed in the groove of platform upper end, is sealed by O-ring seal on platform and platform, and platform is placed in the hole on specimen holder, motor 53 and guide pole are arranged on fixed head 54, and nut 51 is arranged on specimen holder.With screw rod on motor 53 axle, coordinate transmission with nut 51; Motor 60 and guide rails assembling are on fixed head 61, and nut 44 is arranged on guide rail support frame, with screw rod on motor 60 axle, coordinate transmission with nut 44.Gas outlet is arranged on lower seal dish.
Further, described Automatic change film device, when taking out filter membrane in device, under the control of single-chip microcomputer, when motor 53 drives lower seal dish to be moved downward to position transducer 57, motor 53 quits work, make lower seal dish and platform depart from sealing state, filter membrane clip and upper sealing pad depart from sealing state; Then, Automatic control of single chip microcomputer motor 60 works, and when driving specimen holder to move to position transducer 50 outside device, motor 60 quits work, and filter membrane is sent outside device.When sending into filter membrane in device, Single-chip Controlling machine operation, drive specimen holder to move in device, during to position transducer 59, motor 60 quits work; Then Single-chip Controlling motor 53 works, and drive shaft collar to move up, during to position transducer 58, motor 53 quits work.Now, lower seal dish contacts with sealing between platform, filter membrane clip, upper sealing pad, realizes gas circuit sealing docking, completes the function of Auto-mounting filter membrane.
Further, in order to realize the sealed attachment of cutter and shunt, being convenient to assembling, the bore design of cutter for particles gas outlet being become circular cylindrical cavity, its inside surface has n bar groove, quantity n=1-10; At groove built with O RunddichtringO, the air intake opening upper end outside surface of the shunt coordinated with it is cylindrical, after coordinating, realizes the sealing of gas circuit, facilitate the installation of cutter and shunt with O RunddichtringO.When above-mentioned cooperation use instead be threaded time, also can reach connect and sealing object.
Further, described isokinetic sampling's flow by the change of pitot tube from motion tracking gas in pipelines flow velocity, by the dynamic pressure in pipeline, static pressure through pipe pressure sensor P
s, pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
1reach single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer calculates the flow velocity in pipeline, and calculates isokinetic sampling's flow value q according to the temperature value that temperature sensor Ts in the sampling diameter of mouth and pipeline records
r ', selecting PM
10cutter for particles and PM
2.5after cutter for particles, the working point flow value of cutter just determines; Therefore, require to pass through PM
10cutter for particles and PM
2.5the gas flow values of cutter for particles is constant, and this value is realized by the rotating speed (or flow regulation valve opening size) of Single-chip Controlling sampling pump and air compressor machine.Cutter for particles working point flow q
cequal isokinetic sampling's flow value q
r 'with carrier gas piping flow value q
xsum, i.e. q
c=q
r '+ q
x, wherein: q
r 'value is isokinetic sampling's flow value, q
cvalue is the flow value, the temperature sensor T that are recorded according to flow sensor q by single-chip microcomputer
cthe temperature value recorded and pressure transducer P
cthe force value recorded calculates.During sampling, under sampling pump effect, ducted sample gas enters in diluter through sampling mouth, sampling pipe.Meanwhile, under the effect of air compressor machine, the diluents provided by carrier gas passage enters in diluter through carrier gas draft tube, and diluted by sample gas, diluted sample gas enters chamber and cutter for particles after the escape pipe of diluter.Single-chip microcomputer is according to the cutter for particles working flow point q of setting
cwith isokinetic sampling's flow value q
r 'difference q
x=q
c-q
r 'control the rotating speed of sampling pump and air compressor machine, or the aperture size of flow control valve, make the working point flow q of flow value by cutter for particles and setting
cequal, realize particle constant current cascade sampling.
Further, described shunt has N root escape pipe, quantity and the PM once needing to gather
10sample size is equal,
If desired PM is gathered
2.5during sample, also PM will be increased
2.5cutter draft tube.
The present invention is based on isokinetic sampling's principle, application isokinetic sampling technology, constant current classification technique, Automatic change film technology, sensor technology, scm observe and control technology etc., research and develop a kind of pollution source fine particle sampling apparatus.The beneficial effect of this device is: 1, from the change of motion tracking gas in pipelines flow velocity, can implement isokinetic sampling; 2, according to the difference of cutter for particles working point flow and isokinetic sampling's flow, increase a carrier gas passage and diluter, solving isokinetic sampling can not the problem of constant current, thus is that constant speed gathers PM in pipeline
10, PM
2.5sample provides technical support; 3, utilize diluter can by collected specimens after the gas processing of high humidity, high temperature, high concentration; 4, at PM
10shunt and PM is increased after cutter
2.5cutter for particles, can realize PM in sample gas
10, PM
2.5simultaneously constant current cascade sampling, and because of sample in shunt even, a serial connection flow sensor after after each filter membrane, so the homogeneity of each sample is good, sampling volume is clear and definite; 5, Automatic change film can be realized; 6, flue negative pressure suck-back can be prevented; 7, can automatic real-time measurement pipeline humidity; 8, concentration of emission and the total release of pipeline pollutant can be calculated; 9, lightweight, be convenient for carrying, simple to operate, automation and intelligentification level is high.Device of the present invention is also applicable to gather other specified particle diameter particles, harmful gas, flue dust, SVOCs sample and the surrounding air in pipeline.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of pollution source four-way PM of the present invention
10, PM
2.5the structural principle schematic diagram of synchronized sampling unit.
Fig. 2 is diluter structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Automatic change film device.
1. sampling mouth; 2. sampling pipe; 3. pitot tube; 4. heating arrangement; 5. diluter; 6. chamber; 7. temperature sensor T
c; 8. pressure transducer P
c; 9. PM
10cutter for particles; 10. shunt draft tube; 11. shunts; 12. PM
2.5cutter for particles draft tube; 13.PM
2.5cutter for particles; 14. PM
2.5sampling membrane (m
1, m
2); 15. Automatic change film devices; 16. flow sensor q(q
1, q
2, q
3, q
4); 17. three-way pipes; 18. solenoid valve (f
1, f
2); 19.PM
2.5sampling pump; 20. PM
10sampling pump; 21. exsiccators; 22. filtrators; 23. air compressor machines; 24. flow control valves; 25. flowmeters; 26. carrier gas pipelines; 27. humidity sensors; 28. Tube Temperature Sensor Ts; 29. pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
1; 30. pipeline road pressure transducer P
s; 31. temperature sensor T
g; 32. pressure transducer P
d; 33. shunt escape pipe (C
1, C
2); 34.PM
2.5sampling membrane (m
3, m
4); 35. single-chip microcomputers; 36. displays; 37. keyboards; 38. communication interfaces; 39. sample gas air intake openings; 40. carrier gas air intake openings; 41. shells; 42. gas outlets; Sealing pad on 43.; 44. nuts; 45. guide rail support framves; 46. specimen holders; 47. filter membrane clips; 48. O-ring seals; 49. platforms; 50. position transducers; 51. nuts; 52. guide poles; 53. motors; 54. fixed heads; 55. gas outlets; 56. lifting tables; 57. position transducers; 58. position transducers; 59. position transducers; 60. motors; 61. fixed heads; 62. guide rails; 63. lower seal dishes.
embodiment 1
The present embodiment is a kind of pollution source four-way PM
10, PM
2.5synchronized sampling unit, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows.Device comprises: sampling mouth 1, sampling pipe 2, pitot tube 3, heating arrangement 4, diluter 5, chamber 6, temperature sensor Tc 7, pressure transducer P
c8, PM
10cutter for particles 9, shunt 11, PM
2.5cutter for particles 13, PM
2.5sampling membrane (m
3, m
4) 14, Automatic change film device 15, flow sensor q(q
1, q
2, q
3, q
4) 16, three-way pipe 17, solenoid valve (f
1, f
2) 18, PM
2.5sampling pump 19, PM
10sampling pump 20, carrier gas pipeline 26, humidity sensor 27, Tube Temperature Sensor T
s28, pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
129, pipe pressure sensor Ps 30, temperature sensor T
g31, pressure transducer P
d32, PM
10sampling membrane (m
1, m
2) 34, single-chip microcomputer 35, display 36, keyboard 37, communication interface 38; Described sampling mouth 1, sampling pipe 2, diluter 5, chamber 6, PM
10cutter for particles 9, shunt 11 are connected successively.
Pitot tube 3 and pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
129, pipe pressure sensor P
s30 connect; Humidity sensor 27, Tube Temperature Sensor T
s28, pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
129, pipe pressure sensor P
s30 all electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer 35, for the parameter such as humidity, temperature, static pressure, dynamic pressure, flow velocity of measuring channel.
Sampling pipe 2 inner wall smooth, to reduce the wall loss of sample, available interior polishing stainless steel pipe or glass are made.Sampling pipe 2 one termination sampling mouth 1, another termination diluter 5; Sampling pipe 2 outer wall is installed heating arrangement 4 and temperature sensor T
g31, temperature sensor T
g31 electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer 35.During work, at PM
2.5sampling pump 19, PM
10under the effect of sampling pump 20, sample gas enters in diluter 5 by sampling mouth 1, sampling pipe 2 from pipeline; For preventing the sample gas of high temperature in pipeline, high humidity to lower the temperature on sampling pipe 2 inwall condensation, the form of sample gas and composition are changed, and in heating arrangement 4 pairs of sampling pipes 2, sample gas carries out heating and thermal insulation.According to temperature sensor T
gsample temperature degree in 31 sampling pipes recorded 2, single-chip microcomputer 35 observing and controlling heating arrangement 4 heats or stops heating, makes temperature value in sampling pipe 2 equal with the pipe temperature value that Tube Temperature Sensor Ts 28 records, in order to avoid the condensation because of cooling of sample gas.
Diluter 5 is made up of sample gas air intake opening 39, carrier gas air intake opening 40, shell 41 and gas outlet 42; It is inner that sample gas air intake opening 39 stretches into diluter 5; Carrier gas air intake opening 40 is arranged on shell 41, communicates with diluter 5 inside; Gas outlet 42 is arranged on end cap, communicates with diluter 5 inside.
The sample gas air intake opening 39 of diluter 5 connects with sampling pipe 2, and carrier gas air intake opening 40 connects carrier gas pipeline 26, and gas outlet 42 connects the air intake opening of chamber 6; It is 60S that chamber 6 arranges the sample gas combination gas residence time, and to ensure that sample gas and carrier gas mix, combination gas enters PM by the gas outlet of chamber 6 afterwards
10cutter for particles 9.
It is 60S that chamber 6 arranges the sample gas combination gas residence time, and to ensure that sample gas and carrier gas mix, combination gas enters PM by the gas outlet of chamber 6 afterwards
10cutter for particles 9.
PM
10cutter for particles 9 porch is provided with temperature sensor T
c7, pressure transducer P
c8, PM
2.5cutter for particles 13 porch is provided with pressure transducer P
d32, temperature sensor T
c7, pressure transducer P
c8, pressure transducer P
d32 all electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer 35, measure PM
10cutter for particles 9 and PM
2.5temperature, the pressure of cutter for particles 13 porch, participate in calculating and pass through PM
10cutter for particles 9, PM
2.5the gas operating mode flow of cutter for particles 13.
Shunt 11 is closed circular cylindrical cavities, and 1 shunt draft tube 10 stretches into shunt 11 inside, 2 shunt escape pipe (C from center, shunt 11 upper surface
1, C
2) 33 to stretch into shunt 11 from the lower surface of shunt 11 inner.In order to reduce the wall loss of sample gas, require shunt draft tube 10, shunt escape pipe (C
1, C
2) 33 inner wall smooths.Shunt draft tube 10 and PM
10the outlet of cutter for particles 9 connects, 2 shunt escape pipe (C
1, C
2) 33 be connected in series PM respectively
10sampling membrane (m
1, m
2) 34.
PM
2.5the draft tube 12 of cutter for particles 13 stretches into shunt 11 inside, PM
2.5serial connection 2 PM after cutter for particles 14
2.5sampling membrane 10(m
3, m
4) 14.
Automatic change film device 15 is made up of parts such as air intake opening 33, upper sealing pad 43, filter membrane 34, filter membrane clip 47, platform 49, O-ring seal 48, specimen holder 46, lower seal dish 63, gas outlet 55, motor 53, guide pole 52, fixed head 54, nut 51, position transducer 57, position transducer 58, motor 60, fixed head 61, nut 44, guide rail support frame 45, position transducer 50, position transducers 59; Described motor 53, motor 60, position transducer 57, position transducer 58, position transducer 50, position transducer 59 all electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer.Air intake opening 33 is arranged on sealing pad 43, filter membrane 34 is arranged in filter membrane clip 47, filter membrane clip 47 is placed in the groove of platform 49 upper end, sealed by O-ring seal on platform 48 and platform 49, platform 49 is placed in the hole on specimen holder 46, motor 53 and guide pole 52 are arranged on fixed head 54, and nut 51 is arranged on lifting table 56.With screw rod on motor 53 axle, coordinate transmission with nut 51; Motor 60 and guide rail 62 are arranged on fixed head 61, and nut 44 is arranged on guide rail support frame 45, with screw rod on motor 60 axle, coordinate transmission with nut 44.Gas outlet 55 is arranged on lower seal dish 63.
The principle of work of Automatic change film device 15: when taking out filter membrane 34 in device, under the control of single-chip microcomputer 35, when motor 53 drives lifting table 56 to be moved downward to position transducer 57, motor 53 quits work, make lower seal dish 63 and platform 49 depart from sealing state, filter membrane clip 47 and upper sealing pad 43 depart from sealing state; Then, single-chip microcomputer 35 automatic control motor 60 works, and when driving specimen holder 46 to move to position transducer 50 outside device, motor 60 quits work, and filter membrane 34 is sent outside device.When sending into filter membrane 34 in device, single-chip microcomputer 35 controls motor 60 and works, and drive specimen holder 46 to move in device, during to position transducer 59, motor 60 quits work; Then single-chip microcomputer 35 controls motor 53 and works, and drive lifting table 56 to move up, during to position transducer 58, motor 53 quits work.Now, lower seal dish 63 contacts with sealing between platform 49, filter membrane clip 47, upper sealing pad 43, realizes gas circuit sealing docking, completes the function of Auto-mounting filter membrane.
PM
10sampling membrane (m
1, m
2) 34 and PM
2.5sampling membrane (m
3, m
4) 14 outlet difference serial connection flow sensor q(q successively
1, q
2, q
3, q
4) 16, T-valve 17, PM
10sampling pump 20, PM
2.5sampling pump 19.
Solenoid valve (f
1, f
2) 18 be arranged on PM
10sampling pump 20, PM
2.5before sampling pump 19, solenoid valve (f
1, f
2) 18 to electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer 35, be in unimpeded state when being in closure state, sampling during for checking the sealing of gas circuit; At the end of sampling, solenoid valve (f
1, f
2) automatically close, prevent flue negative pressure by specimen breakdown.PM
10sampling pump 20, PM
2.5sampling pump 19 all electrically connects with single-chip microcomputer 35, by control PM
10sampling pump 20, PM
2.5the rotating speed of sampling pump 19 controls sampling flow.
Carrier gas pipeline 26 is provided with successively exsiccator 21, filtrator 22, air compressor machine 23, flow control valve 24, flowmeter 25.Carrier gas pipeline 26 is connected on the carrier gas air intake opening 40 of diluter 5, through the dry state diluents of exsiccator 21, filtrator 12 dry filter under the effect of air compressor machine 23, enter in diluter 5 by carrier gas pipeline 26, sample gas is diluted, the humidity of sample gas, temperature are reduced, avoids sample gas to enter PM
10cutter for particles 9 and PM
2.5during cutter for particles 13, the form of sample gas components and particle changes.
Flow control valve 24 and single-chip microcomputer 35 electrically connect, for regulating the flow of carrier gas pipeline 26; Flowmeter 25 and single-chip microcomputer 35 electrically connect, for measuring the flow by carrier gas pipeline 26; Air compressor machine 23 and single-chip microcomputer 35 electrically connect, and by controlling the rotating speed of air compressor machine 23, control the flow by diluter pipeline 26.
Flow sensor q(q
1, q
2, q
3, q
4) 16 to electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer 35, be respectively used to measurement and pass through PM
10sampling membrane (m
1, m
2) 34 and PM
2.5sampling membrane (m
3, m
4) 14 gas flow and volume, participate in calculating and pass through PM
10cutter for particles 9 and PM
2.5the operating mode flow of the sample gas of cutter for particles 13.
Display 36 and single-chip microcomputer 35 electrically connect, for showing sampled relevant information; Keyboard 37 and single-chip microcomputer 35 electrically connect, for inputting relevant information; Communication interface 38 and single-chip microcomputer 35 electrically connect, for exporting correlated sampling information.
During sampling, pitot tube 3 from the change of motion tracking gas in pipelines flow velocity, by the dynamic pressure in pipeline, static pressure through pipe pressure sensor P
s30, pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
129 reach single-chip microcomputer 35, and single-chip microcomputer 35 calculates the flow velocity in pipeline, and according to temperature sensor T in the sampling diameter of mouth 1 and pipeline
s28 temperature values recorded calculate isokinetic sampling's flow value q
r'.
Selecting PM
10cutter for particles 9 and PM
2.5after cutter for particles 13, working point flow value just determines.Therefore, require to pass through PM
10cutter for particles 9 and PM
2.5the gas flow values of cutter for particles 13 is constant, and this value is by single-chip microcomputer 35 control PM
10sampling pump 20, PM
2.5the rotating speed of sampling pump 19 and air compressor machine 23 realizes.
PM
10cutter for particles 9 working point flow q
c10equal isokinetic sampling's flow value q
r' with the flow value q of carrier gas pipeline 26
xsum, i.e. q
c10=q
r'+q
x, wherein: q
r' value is isokinetic sampling's flow value, q
c10value is according to flow sensor q(q by single-chip microcomputer 35
1, q
2) 16 flow values recorded, temperature sensor T
c7 temperature values recorded and pressure transducer P
c8 force value recorded calculate.During sampling, at PM
10under the effect of sampling pump 20, ducted sample gas enters in diluter 5 through sampling mouth 1, sampling pipe 2.Meanwhile, under the effect of air compressor machine 23, the diluents provided by carrier gas pipeline 26 enters in diluter 5 through carrier gas draft tube 40, sample gas is diluted, diluted sample gas enters chamber air intake opening through the escape pipe 41 of diluter 5, sample gas combination gas is after chamber stops 60S, and combination gas enters PM
10cutter for particles 9.Single-chip microcomputer 35 is according to the PM of setting
10cutter for particles 9 working flow point q
c10with isokinetic sampling's flow value q
r' difference q
x=q
c10-q
r', control the rotating speed of air compressor machine 23, make to pass through PM
10the flow value of cutter for particles 9 and the working point flow q of setting
c10equal, realize PM
10constant current cascade sampling.
PM
2.5cutter for particles 13 working point flow q
c2.5that single-chip microcomputer 35 is according to flow sensor q(q
3, q
4) 16 flow values recorded, temperature sensor T
c7 temperature values recorded and pressure transducer P
d32 force value recorded calculate.During sampling, single-chip microcomputer 35 control PM
2.5the rotating speed of sampling pump 19, makes to pass through PM
2.5the flow value of cutter for particles 13 and the working point flow q of setting
c2.5equal, realize PM
2.5constant current cascade sampling.
When the flow velocity in pipeline increases, pitot tube 3 records signal and reaches single-chip microcomputer 35, and single-chip microcomputer 35 calculates the flow velocity in pipeline, and according to temperature sensor T in the sampling diameter of mouth 1 and pipeline
s28 temperature values recorded calculate isokinetic sampling's flow value q
r', by single-chip microcomputer 35 control PM
10the rotating speed of sampling pump 20 increases; Meanwhile, the rotating speed being controlled air compressor machine 23 by single-chip microcomputer 35 reduces, and makes to pass through PM
10flow value and the working point flow value q with setting of cutter for particles 9
c10equal, achieve PM
10constant current cascade sampling.Otherwise, as the same.
embodiment 2
The embodiment of the present invention is a kind of Hexamermis spp PM
10, PM
2.5synchronized sampling unit, gathers 3 PM simultaneously
10, PM
2.5sample.At PM
10after cutter for particles be connected in series a shunt, need 3 shunt escape pipes respectively with 3 PM
10sampling membrane connect, PM
2.5cutter for particles draft tube stretches into shunt inside, PM
2.53 PM are connected in series after cutter for particles
2.5sampling membrane, PM
10sampling membrane and PM
2.5sampling membrane outlet is connected in series flow sensor q, solenoid valve, sampling pump respectively successively, and know-why is identical with embodiment 1 with testing and control project.
Device of the present invention is also applicable to gather other particles things, harmful gas, flue dust, SVOCs sample and the surrounding air in pipeline.
In sum, the present invention utilizes multi-functional sampling pipe, carrier gas passage, diluter, multiple sensors and scm observe and control technical controlling sampling pump to implement isokinetic sampling.By pitot tube isokinetic sampling principle, sample gas is extracted to diluter, the rotating speed of observing and controlling air compressor machine and the flow through dilution tunnel, cleaned air is injected in diluter as carrier gas, sample gas is diluted; Mixed sample gas enters cutter for particles after chamber, after cutter for particles, and PM
10, PM
2.5sample is collected; After sampling terminates, solenoid valve cuts out automatically, prevents negative pressure in pipeline from being damaged by sample suck-back; Automatic change film function is realized with 2 motors and position transducer; Finally according to dry gas sampling volume under the amount of aerosol sample on filter membrane after sampling and standard state, the concentration of emission of unit volume particle can be calculated, according to the dry extraction flow of gas exhaust duct, can the discharge capacity of count particles thing.Novel structure of the present invention, simple, conveniently to carry, multiple functional, dependable performance, and can calculate the total release of pipeline pollutant, automation and intelligentification level is high.
Describe the present invention by way of example above, but the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned specific embodiment, all any changes of doing based on the present invention or modification all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (13)
1. pollution source fine particle dilution sampling method and a device, comprises multi-functional sampling pipe, chamber, PM
10cutter for particles, shunt, Automatic change film device, PM
2.5cutter for particles, PM
10sampling membrane, PM
2.5sampling membrane, flow sensor q, three-way pipe, solenoid valve, PM
10sampling pump, PM
2.5sampling pump, carrier gas channel system and pipeline, single-chip microcomputer, pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
1, temperature sensor T
c, pressure transducer P
c, pressure transducer P
d, display, keyboard, communication interface; Described multi-functional sampling pipe, chamber, PM
10cutter for particles, shunt are connected successively.
2. multi-functional sampling pipe according to claim 1, is characterized in that: by sampling mouth, sampling pipe, heating arrangement, diluter, Tube Temperature Sensor T
s, pipe pressure sensor P
s, humidity sensor, temperature sensor T
g, pitot tube composition; Sampling mouth, sampling pipe, diluter are connected successively; Pitot tube and pipe pressure sensor P
s, pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
1connect; Tube Temperature Sensor T
s, pressure transducer P
s, humidity sensor, temperature sensor T
g, pitot tube differential pressure pick-up △ P
1, heating arrangement all electrically connects with single-chip microcomputer.
3. carrier gas channel system according to claim 1 and pipeline, it is characterized in that: be made up of filtrator, exsiccator, dilution air flow quantity sensor, flow control valve, air compressor machine, pipeline, and connect successively, by pipeline, air compressor machine gas outlet is connected with carrier gas air intake opening; Dilution air flow quantity sensor, flow control valve, air compressor machine all electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer.
4. multi-functional sampling pipe according to claim 2, is characterized in that: sampling pipe can be made up of interior polishing stainless steel pipe or glass; Sampling pipe one termination sampling mouth, another termination diluter; Sampling pipe outer wall is installed heating arrangement and temperature sensor Tg; Described heating arrangement carries out heating and thermal insulation to sample gas in sampling pipe, prevents the sample gas of high temperature in pipeline, high humidity to lower the temperature on sampling pipe inwall condensation, the form of sample gas and composition are changed.
5. diluter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: diluter is made up of sample gas air intake opening, carrier gas air intake opening, gas outlet and shell; Sample gas air intake opening one end and sampling pipe are connected into one, and the other end stretches into diluter inside; Carrier gas air intake opening is arranged on shell, communicates with diluter inside; Gas outlet is arranged on end cap, and one end communicates with diluter inside, another termination chamber.
6. pollution source fine particle dilution sampling method according to claim 1 and device, is characterized in that: PM
10cutter for particles porch is provided with temperature sensor T
c, pressure transducer P
c, described PM
2.5cutter for particles porch is provided with pressure transducer P
d; Described temperature sensor T
c, pressure transducer P
c, pressure transducer P
dall electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer.
7. shunt according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: shunt is a closed circular cylindrical cavity, a shunt draft tube stretches into shunt inside from center, shunt upper surface, shunt escape pipe stretches into shunt inside from the lower surface of shunt, and be centrally circumferentially uniformly distributed same, described shunt escape pipe number is generally 2-100 root; Shunt draft tube connects with the outlet of cutter for particles, shunt escape pipe serial connection PM
10sampling membrane, also can meet PM
2.5the air intake opening of cutter for particles.
8. pollution source fine particle dilution sampling method according to claim 1 and device, is characterized in that: PM
2.5the draft tube of cutter for particles stretches into shunt inside, PM
2.5pM is connected in series after cutter for particles
2.5sampling membrane; PM
10sampling membrane, PM
2.5sampling membrane outlet is connected in series flow sensor q, solenoid valve and sampling pump respectively successively.
9. Automatic change film device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Automatic change film device comprises the part compositions such as platform, O-ring seal, specimen holder, lower seal dish, gas outlet, motor 53, guide pole, fixed head 54, nut 51, position transducer 57, position transducer 58, motor 60, fixed head 61, nut 44, guide rail support frame, position transducer 50, position transducer 59; Motor 53, motor 60, position transducer 57, position transducer 58, position transducer 50, position transducer 59 all electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer.
10. Automatic change film device according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: air intake opening is arranged on sealing pad, filter membrane is arranged in filter membrane clip, filter membrane clip is placed in the groove of platform upper end, sealed by O-ring seal on platform and platform, platform is placed in the hole on specimen holder, and motor 53 and guide pole are arranged on fixed head 54, and nut 51 is arranged on lifting table; With screw rod on motor 53 axle, coordinate transmission with nut 51; Motor 60 and guide rails assembling are on fixed head 61, and nut 44 is arranged on guide rail support frame, with screw rod on motor 60 axle, coordinate transmission with nut 44; Gas outlet is arranged on lower seal dish.
11. Automatic change film devices according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: when taking out filter membrane in device, under the control of single-chip microcomputer, when motor 53 drives lower seal dish to be moved downward to position transducer 57, motor 53 quits work, lower seal dish and platform is made to depart from sealing state, filter membrane clip and upper sealing pad depart from sealing state, then, Automatic control of single chip microcomputer motor 60 works, when driving specimen holder to move to position transducer 50 outside device, motor 60 quits work, and filter membrane is sent outside device; When sending into filter membrane in device, Single-chip Controlling machine operation, drives specimen holder to move in device, during to position transducer 59, motor 60 quits work, and then Single-chip Controlling motor 53 works, drive shaft collar moves up, and during to position transducer 58, motor 53 quits work; Now, lower seal dish contacts with sealing between platform, filter membrane clip, upper sealing pad, realizes gas circuit sealing docking, completes the function of Auto-mounting filter membrane.
12. pollution source fine particle dilution sampling method according to claim 1 and devices, it is characterized in that: in order to realize the sealed attachment of cutter and shunt, be convenient to assembling, the bore design of cutter for particles gas outlet is become circular cylindrical cavity, its inside surface there is n bar groove, quantity n=1-10; At groove built with O RunddichtringO, the air intake opening upper end outside surface of the shunt coordinated with it is cylindrical, after coordinating, realizes the sealing of gas circuit, facilitate the installation of cutter and shunt with O RunddichtringO; Above-mentioned cooperation is used instead and is threaded, and also can reach the object connecting and seal.
13. pollution source fine particle dilution sampling method according to claim 1 and devices, is characterized in that: described flow sensor q, solenoid valve, aspiration pump, keyboard, display, communication interface all electrically connect with single-chip microcomputer.
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