CN107860598B - Portable rapid calibrating device and method for particulate matter cutter - Google Patents

Portable rapid calibrating device and method for particulate matter cutter Download PDF

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CN107860598B
CN107860598B CN201711193466.8A CN201711193466A CN107860598B CN 107860598 B CN107860598 B CN 107860598B CN 201711193466 A CN201711193466 A CN 201711193466A CN 107860598 B CN107860598 B CN 107860598B
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cabin body
gas
cutter
sample
mixing
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CN107860598A (en
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舒宗昊
刘攀超
董宁
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Centre Testing International Group Co ltd
Guizhou Huace Testing Technology Co ltd
Yunnan Cti Certification Co ltd
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Centre Testing International Group Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2273Atmospheric sampling
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06Investigating concentration of particle suspensions

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Abstract

A portable particulate matter cutter rapid calibration device and a calibration method thereof are used for accurately and rapidly configuring gas generating standard particulate matter concentration for testing so as to calibrate key parts in an air detection device: the cutter comprises a particulate matter storage and feeding device 15, a clean gas generator 11, a mixing cabin 7, a sample cabin 5, a cutter mounting seat 2, a beta ray testing module 17, an automatic control system and a data analysis system. According to the invention, through the special design of double-cabin embedding and the reasonable structure layout, the light weight and the compactness of the calibrating device are realized; all parts are connected through pipelines, and finally gas is led into the beta-ray testing module under the guidance of the control system, so that automatic and rapid detection and calibration are realized, the operation steps of the device are simplified, the calibration time is shortened, and the efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Portable rapid calibrating device and method for particulate matter cutter
Technical Field
The invention relates to a calibrating device and a calibrating method for a particulate cutter, in particular to a portable rapid calibrating device and a calibrating method for a particulate cutter.
Background
PM2.5 is a general name for solid particles or liquid drops with the diameter less than or equal to 2.5 mu m in the air, which are also called fine particles or particles entering the lung, and the particles have small proportion in the atmospheric components, small volume, easy inhalation by human bodies, long propagation distance, large toxic substance content, great influence on human health, great influence on air quality, atmospheric visibility and the like, and serious pollution to the atmospheric environment.
In the gravimetric method for measuring the environmental air PM10 and PM2.5, instruments for monitoring the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter are specified, mainly including an atmospheric particulate matter sampler and a monitor, and are divided into manual analysis methods and automatic analysis methods according to the working principle, and the methods mainly include a microbalance (TEOM) method, a beta-ray measurement method and a light scattering measurement method. The operation steps of these methods are mainly divided into two steps, first separating PM2.5 from larger particulate matter, and then measuring the weight of the separated PM2.5 to obtain the concentration of PM2.5 particulate matter. The principle of the PM2.5 sampler is that air flows through the sampler at a certain flow rate under the action of an air suction pump, larger particles are trapped by impacting on an oil-coated part due to larger inertia, and most of PM2.5 with smaller inertia can smoothly pass through the sampler along with the air. However, in terms of the trapping capacity and effect of the PM2.5 sampler, all particles with the diameter less than 2.5 microns can not pass through the sampler, and the probability that particles with the diameter just 2.5 microns can pass through the sampler is 50%; particles with diameters larger than 2.5 microns are not all trapped, so that the PM2.5 sampler is used for separating and trapping fine particulate matters, and the collected statistical results of different fields can deviate from the actual values. According to the standard requirements of 'gravimetric determination of PM10 and PM2.5 in ambient air', the passing rate of particles with aerodynamic diameter of more than 3.0 microns is less than 16%, and the passing rate of particles with aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.1 microns is more than 84%, and the result is determined to fall into a credible interval. The PM2.5 sampler needs to be calibrated before being used, the conventional cutter calibration system has no unified form and standard, and a manufacturer and a detection mechanism build a calibration platform according to self requirements so as to meet the product calibration requirements. The calibration devices have the problems of low fault tolerance rate, complex installation and operation, large device size, complex part connection, low reliability of calibration results and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a portable rapid calibrating device for a particulate matter cutter and a calibrating method thereof, which can realize rapid and automatic calibration of the cutter and directly output a calibrating result. The calibration device has the characteristics of miniaturization, light weight and simplified operation, and the online result output can greatly improve the calibration efficiency.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a quick calibrating device of portable particulate matter cutterbar, stores material feeding unit, clean gas generator, mixes the cabin body, sample cabin body, cutterbar mount pad, beta ray test module, automatic control system, data analysis system including the particulate matter.
The portable rapid calibrating device for the particulate matter cutter is characterized in that a mixing cabin body and a sample cabin body are embedded, the mixing cabin body is sealed with one port by the sample cabin body, and the sample cabin body can axially move relative to the mixing cabin body. The piston seals the sample chamber and can move axially in the chamber, so that both chambers have the characteristic of variable volume, and the sample chamber has a controllable valve for controlling the communication between the two chambers. According to the portable particulate matter cutter rapid calibration device, the clean gas generator and the particulate matter storage and feeding device are arranged at one end of the mixing cabin body and are used for spraying clean gas and particulate matters into the mixing cabin body, and the inner wall of the mixing cabin body is provided with small ventilation holes which are used for generating micro gas flow in the mixing cabin body and assisting the uniform mixing of the gas and the particulate matters.
According to the portable particulate matter cutter rapid calibration device, a temperature and humidity regulator and an electrostatic regulator are arranged in a mixing cabin body and are used for controlling physical characteristic conditions of test gas.
According to the portable rapid calibrating device for the particulate matter cutter, the clean gas generator can obtain a gas source from the atmosphere or a sample cabin body, and the gas source is filtered and purified and then is conveyed to the mixing cabin body.
According to the portable rapid calibrating device for the particulate matter cutter, a sample cabin body is connected with the cutter mounting seat and the beta ray testing module, a gas output pipeline of the sample cabin body is divided into two parts, and the parts are respectively guided to different output pipelines through reversing valves. One pipeline directly leads to the beta ray testing module, and the other pipeline firstly passes through the cutter and then leads to the beta ray testing module.
According to the portable rapid calibrating device for the particulate cutter, all parts are communicated through a pipeline, and controllable valves are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the pipeline to control the position and the flowing direction of test gas in the device.
The portable rapid calibrating device for the particulate cutter also comprises a control system for realizing the automatic operation of the device, and is used for controlling the starting and stopping of each component, the opening and closing of each pipeline valve, and the flow operation and time sequence control of each component.
The portable rapid calibrating device for the particulate cutter also comprises a data analysis system for arranging test data, and the data analysis system is used for converting, comparing, calculating, matching and outputting results of gas concentration data collected successively in the beta ray test module.
The invention also provides a cutter calibration method, which is used in the portable particulate matter calibration device and comprises the following steps:
s1, a cutter to be calibrated is arranged in a cutter mounting seat, then a cutter calibration device is opened, initialization preparation is carried out, at the moment, a clean gas generator works to generate a large amount of clean gas for cleaning residual particles in a mixing cabin body and a sample cabin body, all valves are closed after cleaning is finished, and the system enters a ready state.
S2, sufficient particulate matters to be tested are placed into the particulate matter storage and feeding device, parameters such as test gas concentration, temperature and humidity and flow rate are set, the calibration device is started, and the clean gas generator and the particulate matter storage and feeding device start to convey materials according to the set concentration.
S3, generating air flow by the mixing cabin for uniformly mixing the particulate matters and the clean gas, and meanwhile, slowly moving the sample cabin to the outside of the mixing cabin, wherein the volume of the mixing cabin is gradually increased;
and S4, the temperature and humidity regulator and the electrostatic regulator start to work to regulate the temperature, humidity and electrostatic parameters of the synthesis gas.
S5, when the gas is uniformly mixed, closing the gas flow in the mixing cabin and all the valves communicated with the outside, opening the valves communicated with the mixing cabin on the sample cabin, and meanwhile, slowly moving the sample cabin into the mixing cabin, and compressing the volume of the mixing cabin to enable the mixed gas to flow into the sample cabin.
S6, after all the gas enters the sample cabin, standing for 20 seconds, adjusting a reversing valve of a gas output pipeline to be directly output to a beta-ray testing module, opening a valve of the gas output pipeline, moving a piston of the sample cabin to press out the sample gas to be tested, and testing the concentration of the gas particles of the sample by the beta-ray testing module.
S7, adjusting the reversing valve to a cutter channel, continuously moving the piston, conveying the residual gas through the cutter, cutting and filtering the residual gas by the cutter, and conveying the gas to a beta ray testing module to test the concentration of the gas particles after cutting.
And the S8 beta ray testing module sends the data measured twice to a data analysis system, a calculation formula is set in the data analysis system, and a calibration test result is obtained after calculation and comparison.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The portable particulate matter cutter rapid calibration device provided by the invention utilizes the principle that the mixing cabin body and the sample cabin body are embedded and optimizes the structural layout of each component, on one hand, more functions are realized by utilizing limited space, and on the other hand, unnecessary pipeline valves and power sources are omitted on the premise of keeping the functions unchanged, so that the whole calibration device is smaller and lighter;
(2) The real-time testing function of the beta-ray testing module is combined, the subsequent processing process of the test which needs to be finished by a 'gravimetric method' is directly simplified into on-line real-time result output, the testing efficiency is greatly improved, and the deviation of the testing result caused by artificial factors in the testing process is avoided;
(3) The automatic control system and the data analysis system which are suitable for the device are arranged in the device, the whole-process automatic operation of the test process is realized, the test result is automatically calculated, compared and output through an internal program, and the complex flow of the existing calibration mode is simplified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a calibration method according to an embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a portable rapid calibration device for a particulate matter cutter, which includes a particulate matter storage and feeding device 15, a clean gas generator 11, a mixing cabin 7, a sample cabin 5, a cutter mounting seat 2, a beta ray testing module 17, an automatic control system, and a data analysis system. In this embodiment, the cutter 1 is a device to be tested and is not included in the device range; the mixing cabin body 7 comprises auxiliary devices such as an internal temperature and humidity regulator 16, an electrostatic regulator 14, a small vent hole 12 and the like; the sample chamber 5 comprises a piston 6 for adjusting the volume; the parts are connected through pipelines 8 and 9, and controllable switch valves 13, 10 and 19, a reversing valve 3 and a telescopic pipe 4 are arranged at the air inlet or the air outlet of the parts. The clean gas generator 11 can obtain a gas source from the atmosphere 9 or the sample chamber 5, filter and purify it, and then deliver it to the mixing chamber 7. The mixing chamber body 7 is embedded with the sample chamber body 5, one end of the mixing chamber body 7 is sealed by the sample chamber body 5, and the sample chamber body 5 can move axially relative to the mixing chamber body 7. The piston 6 seals the sample chamber body 5 and is capable of axial movement within the chamber, so that both chambers have a variable volume feature and the sample chamber body 5 has a controllable valve 19 for controlling the communication between the two chambers. Clean gas generator 11 and particulate matter store material feeding unit 15 and install the one end at the mixing cabin, clean gas generator 11 spouts clean gas and spouts the particulate matter simultaneously into the mixing cabin body 7, and the mixing cabin body 7 inner wall is equipped with the small hole of ventilating 12 for produce small air current, auxiliary gas and particulate matter homogeneous mixing in the mixing cabin body 7. The mixing chamber 7 is internally provided with a temperature and humidity regulator 16 and an electrostatic regulator 14 for controlling the physical property conditions of the test gas. 1 the sample cabin body 5 is connected with the cutter mounting seat 2 and the beta ray testing module 17, the gas output pipeline of the sample cabin body 5 is divided into two parts, and the parts are respectively guided to different output pipelines through the reversing valve 3. One of the pipelines directly leads to the beta ray testing module 17, and the other pipeline firstly passes through the cutter 1 and then leads to the beta ray testing module 17. All the parts are communicated through a pipeline, and controllable valves are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the pipeline to control the position and the flowing direction of the test gas in the device.
The embodiment of the invention is used for realizing the control system for the automatic operation of the device, and the built-in test program controls the starting and stopping of each part, the opening and closing of each pipeline valve, the flow operation of each part and the time sequence control. As shown in fig. 2, the overall controller controls the operation of the calibration program, and all the sensor signals, the input device and the data acquisition signals are input signals. The sensor signal is used for indicating the working state of each actuating mechanism, the input device is used for inputting test parameters, and the data acquisition signal is used for receiving the test data signal of the beta ray test module. The controller outputs control signals to actuators, motor drivers, valves, etc. associated with the calibration device. And the communication module connected with the control mainly sends the test data and the data processing program to a data analysis system, and a calibration result is obtained through the processing of the analysis system. The embodiment of the invention provides a data analysis system for collating test data, which mainly relates to a calculation method of gas concentration and a result output display device.
The present embodiment further provides a cutter calibration method, as shown in fig. 3, the method is used in the cutter calibration apparatus, and includes the following steps:
s1, a cutter to be calibrated is arranged in a cutter mounting seat, then a cutter calibration device is opened, initialization preparation is carried out, at the moment, a clean gas generator works to generate a large amount of clean gas for cleaning residual particles in a mixing cabin body and a sample cabin body, all valves are closed after cleaning is finished, and the system enters a ready state. This step essentially completes the preparation before the test.
S2, sufficient particulate matters to be tested are placed into the particulate matter storage and feeding device, parameters such as test gas concentration, temperature and humidity and flow rate are set, the calibration device is started, and the clean gas generator and the particulate matter storage and feeding device start to convey materials according to the set concentration. At the moment, the internal space of the mixing cabin body is in a compressed state, and the clean gas sprays quantitative particles into the mixing cabin body.
S3, the mixing cabin generates air flow for uniformly mixing the particulate matters and the clean gas, meanwhile, the sample cabin slowly moves towards the outside of the mixing cabin, and the volume of the mixing cabin is gradually increased. At the moment, the mixing cabin body is internally provided with airflow sprayed by clean gas and airflow auxiliary particles sprayed by the airflow holes in the cabin to be mixed with the clean gas. The gas flow in the mixing cabin body with small holes is from the mixing cabin body, and the circulation of the gas flow in the mixing cabin body does not influence the total gas flow of the clean gas entering the cabin.
And S4, the temperature and humidity regulator and the electrostatic regulator start to work to regulate the temperature, humidity and electrostatic parameters of the synthesis gas. The steps are synchronously completed in the mixing process, and the air flow circulation in the cabin is needed so as to accelerate the temperature and humidity and the static regulation speed.
S5, when the gas is uniformly mixed, closing the gas flow in the mixing cabin and all the valves communicated with the outside, opening the valves communicated with the mixing cabin on the sample cabin, and meanwhile, slowly moving the sample cabin into the mixing cabin, and compressing the volume of the mixing cabin to enable the mixed gas to flow into the sample cabin. The step is to transfer the mixed gas from the mixing chamber to a sample chamber, and considering the limited volume of the chamber, the sample chamber is designed to store the mixed gas sample, so that the mixed chamber can continuously produce the test gas after exhausting the gas.
S6, after all the gas enters the sample cabin, standing for 20 seconds, adjusting a reversing valve of a gas output pipeline to be directly output to a beta-ray testing module, opening a valve of the gas output pipeline, moving a piston of the sample cabin to press out the sample gas to be tested, and testing the concentration of the gas particles of the sample by the beta-ray testing module. The step is a sampling process of test gas, the sample gas is conveyed by compressing a piston to a sample cabin body, and the moving speed of the piston is controlled to determine the flow rate of the gas in an outlet pipeline. This step tests the concentration of uncut gas particles.
S7, adjusting the reversing valve to a cutter channel, continuously moving the piston, conveying the residual gas through the cutter, cutting and filtering the residual gas by the cutter, and conveying the gas to a beta ray testing module to test the concentration of the gas particles after cutting. The key to this step is the selection of the lines for the diverter valve, where the gas is directed to the cutter end and the gas is exhausted from the sample chamber at a flow rate through the cutter for test calibration of the cutter.
And the S8 beta ray testing module sends the data measured twice to a data analysis system, a calculation formula is set in the data analysis system, and a calibration test result is obtained after calculation and comparison. The step is mainly an internal calculation process of the test system, and a test result is obtained by comparing data measured twice, so that whether the cutting effect of the cutter is accurate or not is judged.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a quick calibrating device of portable particulate matter cutterbar which characterized in that: the device comprises a particulate matter storage and feeding device (15), a clean gas generator (11), a mixing cabin body (7), a sample cabin body (5), a cutter mounting seat (2), a beta ray testing module (17), an automatic control system and a data analysis system;
the mixing cabin body (7) is embedded with the sample cabin body (5), one port of the mixing cabin body (7) is sealed by the sample cabin body (5), the sample cabin body (5) can axially move relative to the mixing cabin body (7), and the piston (6) seals the sample cabin body (5) and can axially move in the sample cabin body (5), so that the two cabin bodies have the characteristic of variable volume, and the sample cabin body (5) is provided with a controllable valve (19) for controlling the communication between the two cabin bodies;
the air inlet and the air outlet of the piston (6) are respectively provided with a telescopic pipe (4);
the clean gas generator (11) and the particulate matter storage and feeding device (15) are arranged at one end of the mixing cabin body (7) and are used for spraying clean gas and particulate matters into the mixing cabin body (7); the inner wall of the mixing cabin body (7) is provided with small ventilation holes (12) which are used for generating micro airflow in the mixing cabin body (7) and assisting the uniform mixing of gas and particles;
a temperature and humidity regulator (16) and an electrostatic regulator (14) are arranged in the mixing cabin body (7) and are used for controlling the physical characteristic conditions of the test gas;
the sample cabin body (5) is connected with the cutter mounting seat (2) and the beta ray testing module (17), a gas output pipeline of the sample cabin body (5) is divided into two parts, gas is respectively guided to different output pipelines through the reversing valve (3), one pipeline directly leads to the beta ray testing module (17), and the other pipeline firstly passes through the cutter (1) and then leads into the beta ray testing module (17).
2. The portable particulate matter cutter rapid calibration device of claim 1, wherein: the clean gas generator (11) can obtain gas source from atmosphere or the sample chamber body (5), filter and purify the gas source, and then convey the gas source to the mixing chamber body (7).
3. The portable particulate matter cutter rapid calibration device of claim 1, wherein: all parts of the calibration device are communicated through a pipeline, and controllable valves (10, 13 and 19) are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the pipeline to control the position and the flowing direction of the test gas in the device.
4. The portable rapid calibrating device for particle cutters as set forth in claim 1, wherein the automatic control system is used for controlling the start and stop of each component, the opening and closing of each pipeline valve, the flow operation and the timing control of each component.
5. The portable rapid calibrating device for a particulate matter cutter according to claim 1, wherein the data analysis system is configured to collate the test data, convert, compare, calculate, match and output the results of the gas concentration data collected successively in the beta ray test module.
6. A cutter calibration method, wherein the portable particulate matter cutter rapid calibration device of claim 1 is used to calibrate a cutter, comprising the steps of,
(1) Installing the cutter to be calibrated into the cutter mounting seat, then opening the portable particulate matter cutter rapid calibration device of claim 1, and entering initialization preparation, wherein the clean gas generator (11) works to generate a large amount of clean gas for cleaning residual particulate matters in the mixing cabin body (7) and the sample cabin body (5), all valves are closed after cleaning is completed, and the system enters a ready state;
(2) Putting enough particulate matters to be tested into a particulate matter storage and feeding device (15), setting parameters of test gas concentration, temperature, humidity and flow rate, starting a calibration device, and starting a clean gas generator (11) and the particulate matter storage and feeding device (15) to convey materials according to the set concentration;
(3) The mixing cabin body (7) generates air flow for uniformly mixing particulate matters and clean gas, meanwhile, the sample cabin body (5) slowly moves towards the outside of the mixing cabin body (7), and the volume of the mixing cabin body (7) is gradually increased;
(4) The temperature and humidity regulator (16) and the electrostatic regulator (14) start to work to regulate the temperature, humidity and electrostatic parameters of the synthesis gas;
(5) When the gas is uniformly mixed, closing the gas flow in the mixing cabin body (7) and all valves communicated with the outside, opening the valves communicated with the mixing cabin body (7) on the sample cabin body (5), and meanwhile, slowly moving the sample cabin body (5) into the mixing cabin body (7), and compressing the volume of the mixing cabin body (7) to enable the mixed gas to flow into the sample cabin body (5);
(6) After all the gas enters the sample cabin body (5), standing for 20 seconds, then adjusting a reversing valve of a gas output pipeline to be directly output to a beta ray testing module (17), opening a valve of the gas output pipeline, moving a piston of the sample cabin body (5) into the sample cabin body (5) to press out the sample gas to be tested, and testing the concentration of sample gas particles by the beta ray testing module (17);
(7) Adjusting the reversing valve to a cutter channel, continuously moving the piston, conveying the residual gas through the cutter, cutting and filtering the gas by the cutter, and conveying the gas to a beta ray testing module (17) to test the concentration of gas particles after cutting;
(8) The beta ray testing module (17) sends the data measured twice to a data analysis system, a calculation formula is set in the data analysis system, and a calibration test result is obtained after calculation and comparison.
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CN109060456B (en) * 2018-07-13 2020-06-16 中国环境科学研究院 Calibration device and method for fixed source dilution channel sampler
CN113358422B (en) * 2021-07-14 2023-02-10 马钢奥瑟亚化工有限公司 Method for producing and preparing coal tar pitch
CN117388136B (en) * 2023-08-29 2024-04-30 中国矿业大学 Self-calibration portable oscillating balance dust detector and use method thereof

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