CN104781566A - 具有改进的上轴承的球形接头及其构造方法 - Google Patents

具有改进的上轴承的球形接头及其构造方法 Download PDF

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CN104781566A
CN104781566A CN201380059748.2A CN201380059748A CN104781566A CN 104781566 A CN104781566 A CN 104781566A CN 201380059748 A CN201380059748 A CN 201380059748A CN 104781566 A CN104781566 A CN 104781566A
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bearing
fibre
spherical
reinforced polyamide
polyamide material
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CN104781566B (zh
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詹姆斯·艾尔特曼
小托马斯·伯恩斯
蒂姆·L·海森
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Federal Mogul LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0604—Construction of the male part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0005—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor using fibre reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/005—Ball joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0619—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part comprising a blind socket receiving the male part
    • F16C11/0623—Construction or details of the socket member
    • F16C11/0628—Construction or details of the socket member with linings
    • F16C11/0633—Construction or details of the socket member with linings the linings being made of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0685—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0013—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor using fillers dispersed in the moulding material, e.g. metal particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B29K2105/14—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles oriented
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/04—Bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/416—Ball or spherical joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/068—Special features relating to lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/02—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers comprising fillers, fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/02—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers comprising fillers, fibres
    • F16C2208/04—Glass fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00—Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20—Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/60—Polyamides [PA]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/02—Shaping by casting
    • F16C2220/04—Shaping by casting by injection-moulding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/20—Land vehicles
    • F16C2326/24—Steering systems, e.g. steering rods or columns
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49647—Plain bearing
    • Y10T29/49648—Self-adjusting or self-aligning, including ball and socket type, bearing and component making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种用于使相对可移动的部件相互连接的球形接头(10)。该球形接头包括外壳和设置于外壳内的具有球面轴承表面的螺柱。该轴承具有与螺柱的球面轴承表面滑动邻接的凹面的球面轴承表面。该轴承是整块状的纤维增强聚酰胺材料并且包括围绕凹面的球面轴承表面周向延伸的碳纤维。

Description

具有改进的上轴承的球形接头及其构造方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2012年9月25日提交的第61/705,445号美国临时申请的权益，其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本发明大致涉及用于使相对可移动的车辆转向部件彼此连接的接头，比如球形接头、拉杆球头以及防倾杆接头。
背景技术
车辆悬挂系统以及转向系统典型地包括接头，比如用于将拉杆球头可操作地连接至转向节的拉杆球头球式接头以及用于使转向节与控制臂耦合的球形接头。另外，其它应用，比如嘉年华旋转木马或者任何其它具有相对可移动接头的机构，典型地具有球形接头以促进连接部件之间的相对运动。根据球形接头总成，其通常适合于在设定的扭矩公差内的接头运动中形成摩擦阻力。另外，重要的是球形接头显现出了长久的使用寿命以及额外的重要性，重要的是球形接头具有制造上的经济性。如果摩擦阻力或者扭矩太高，可能会妨碍机构的运动和/或使安装困难。如果摩擦阻力太低，可能会导致不需要的“开箱即用感”。
已知的是通过金属构造球形接头，包括涂层金属轴承，一金属球头螺栓抵靠其枢转。然而，尽管涂层金属轴承可以提供所需的“开箱即用”感并且具有长久的使用寿命，但是它们典型地在制造上花费较高的成本。
为了降低制造成本，已知的是构造包括乙缩醛或者玻璃纤维尼龙轴承的拉杆球头球形接头，一金属球头螺栓抵靠其枢转。尽管极大地降低了制造成本，乙缩醛或者玻璃纤维尼龙轴承减少了使用寿命。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了球形接头球窝，其包括外壳，具有球面轴承表面的螺柱设置于该外壳内，并且包括轴承，该轴承具有与螺柱的球面轴承表面滑动邻接的凹面的球面轴承表面。轴承是整块状的纤维增强聚酰胺材料，该材料包括围绕凹面的球面轴承表面周向延伸的碳纤维。
根据本发明的另一个方面，纤维增强聚酰胺材料包括均围绕凹面的球面轴承表面周向延伸的玻璃纤维和青铜片。
根据本发明的另一个方面，纤维增强聚酰胺材料的组分包括：大于约57％的尼龙；大于0％且小于约30％的玻璃纤维；大于0％且小于约10％的碳纤维；以及大于0％且小于约10％的青铜片。
仍然根据本发明的另一个方面，纤维增强聚酰胺材料包括大于0％且小于约3％的白色颜料。
根据本发明的进一步方面，球形接头球窝提供于拉杆球头内。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种构造球窝接头球窝的方法。该方法包括将轴承插入一金属外壳，该轴承构造为整块状的纤维增强聚酰胺材料，其包括围绕轴承的凹面的球面轴承表面周向延伸的碳纤维，该方法并且包括使凹面的球面轴承表面与螺柱的金属球面轴承表面滑动邻接。
根据本发明的又另一个方面，该方法包括提供纤维增强聚酰胺材料的步骤，包括均围绕凹面的球面轴承表面周向延伸的玻璃纤维和青铜片。
仍然根据本发明的另一个方面，该方法包括提供一种纤维增强聚酰胺材料的步骤，该材料的组分包括：大于约57％的尼龙；大于0％且小于约30％的玻璃纤维；大于0％且小于约10％的碳纤维以及大于0％且小于约10％的青铜片。
根据本发明的另一个方面，该方法包括提供具有大于0％且小于约3％的白色颜料的纤维增强聚酰胺材料的步骤。
根据本发明的另一个方面，该方法包括将球形接头球窝插入拉杆球头的步骤。
附图说明
参阅以下当前优选实施例和最佳模型的详细说明、所附权利要求以及附图，本发明的这些和其它方面、特征和优点将更易于领会，其中：
图1是根据本发明的一个当前优选方面构造的包括球形接头球窝的拉杆球头的剖面示意图；
图2是根据本发明的一个方面构造的图1的球形接头球窝的上轴承的平面示意图；
图3是图1的球形接头球窝的下轴承的平面示意图；以及
图4是图1的球形接头球窝的上轴承的立体示意图，并且示出了在模塑成型工艺中的材料流向。
具体实施方式
更详细地参阅附图，图1示出了根据本发明的一个典型实施例构造的球形接头10，例如示为外部拉杆球头球式接头总成，下文称为拉杆球头10。拉杆球头10具有横拉杆外壳11，其端部13配置为与内部转向部件(图中未示)连接，比如通过调节器与内部横拉杆总成连接。拉杆球头10还包括螺柱12，螺柱12的一端具有球面轴承表面14，基本示为球14，并且具有配置为与车辆转向构件(图中未示)连接(比如通过螺纹19连接)的相对端18。例如，车辆转向构件可以为车辆的转向节(图中未示)。
拉杆球头10进一步包括球形球窝总成，下文称作球窝总成20，其具有上轴承22(或者第一轴承)和下轴承24(或者第二轴承)。上轴承22和下轴承24配置为与螺柱12的球面轴承表面14滑动配合。在使用中，在球面轴承表面之间的荷载约为400-1500磅，同时在使用中施加于拉杆球头10上的轴向荷载是可忽略的。在典型的实施例中，一弹簧垫圈25夹于上轴承22和下轴承23之间，在装配时通过围绕端盖23辊压成型或者折弯横拉杆外壳11的球窝21的一端而在螺柱12的球面轴承表面14上形成所需的预紧力。上轴承22和下轴承24具有配置为与螺柱12的球面轴承表面14的相对侧滑动配合的球形表面。
例如，重荷载的下轴承24可提供为标准金属轴承并且可进一步涂覆低摩擦的涂层26。下轴承24可由任何适合的坚硬金属构造，比如烧结粉末金属。
典型实施例的下轴承24具有在相对端之间延伸的外部圆柱形壁28，该壁28的尺寸适于容置于横拉杆11的外壳或球窝21内。下轴承24具有基本凹面状的球面轴承表面32，其具有与螺柱12的球面轴承表面14大致相同的球面曲率用于与其滑动邻接。如图3最优所示，典型实施例的下轴承24具有径向延伸入轴承表面32的多个润滑油槽34。槽34在下轴承24的相对端之间并且穿过下轴承24的相对端延伸，主要起转移润滑油(比如油脂)的作用，以防止润滑油在球窝总成20内增压并且减少轴承22、24与螺柱12的球面轴承表面14之间的摩擦，从而延长拉杆球头10的使用寿命。应当理解的是槽34可形成为具有多种所需的形状和深度。
螺柱12可通过任何适合的金属构造，比如4140钢(美国钢铁协会标准，AISI)。通过示例而非限制，此处球面轴承表面14示为形状上大致球形的并且进一步示为不含任何润滑涂层，尽管如果需要，可在其外表面上形成润滑涂层。
上轴承22通过一种新型热塑性纤维增强聚酰胺27(尼龙)构造，比如尼龙6/6(聚己二酰己二胺)。基本与金属轴承相比，由于该新型热塑性纤维增强聚酰胺，上轴承22展现出长久的使用寿命；为拉杆球头10提供了所需的“开箱即用”感并且具有制造上的经济性，比标准金属轴承成本更低。
在制造中，上轴承22的纤维增强聚酰胺材料采用模塑成型以为上轴承22提供增强的性能特点。现在参阅图4，在模塑成型过程中，热塑材料在径向方向流经注入口，大致示为38，于是材料在模具型腔内周向流动，大致如箭头40所示，以形成上轴承22的几何构型。如图2所示，分布于尼龙41内的纤维包括碳纤维42、玻璃纤维44以及青铜片46。纤维42、44和片46均匀地分布于尼龙41内，从而使上轴承22形成为均匀的或者基本均匀的固体块状的纤维增强材料27，即“所谓的模塑成型”。上轴承22的纤维增强材料27包括尼龙和纤维的以下组分：大于约57％的尼龙41；大于0％且小于约30％的玻璃纤维44；大于0％且小于约10％的碳纤维42；以及大于0％且小于约10％的青铜片46，如果需要强化表面，还有小于约3％的白色颜料。尼龙41提供了强度和润滑性能；玻璃纤维44提供了强度；碳纤维42提供了强度和润滑性能，以及青铜片46提供了耐久性和强化的表面。成型的上轴承22的计示硬度为80D(邵氏硬度)。
上轴承22具有在相对端之间延伸的外部的圆柱形壁48，该壁48的大小适于容置于下轴承24内。上轴承22具有大致凹面状的球面轴承表面50，其具有与螺柱12的球面轴承表面14大致相同的球面曲率用于与周向延伸的纤维42、44和尼龙41滑动邻接。上轴承22还示为具有径向延伸入轴承表面50的多个润滑油槽52。槽52在上轴承22的相对端之间延伸且延伸穿过上轴承22的相对端并且主要起转移润滑油(比如油脂)的作用，以防止润滑油在轴承总成20内增压并且减少轴承总成20与螺柱12的球面轴承表面14之间的摩擦，从而延长拉杆球头10的使用寿命。
本发明提供了一种构造球形接头10的典型方法。该典型的方法包括将轴承22模塑成型为整块状的纤维增强聚酰胺材料的步骤，纤维增强聚酰胺材料包括围绕凹面的球面轴承表面50周向延伸的碳纤维42。该方法进而包括插入轴承22以与螺杆12的金属球面轴承表面14滑动邻接的步骤。该轴承22可模塑成型为具有以下组分：包括大于约57％的尼龙41；大于0％且小于约30％的玻璃纤维44；大于0％且小于约10％的碳纤维42；以及大于0％且小于约10％的青铜片46，其中，玻璃纤维44和青铜片46均围绕凹面的球面轴承表面50周向延伸。
显然，根据以上教导，本发明存在多种修改和变化。例如，如上所述，预期的是螺杆12的球面轴承表面14可具有用于引导油脂的槽，上轴承22和下轴承24形成为不具有槽。因此，应当理解，本发明可通过具体描述以及所附权利要求之外的方式实施。

Claims (15)

1.一种球形接头，其特征在于，包括：
外壳；
螺柱，所述螺柱具有设置于所述外壳内的球面轴承表面；
轴承，所述轴承具有与所述螺柱的所述球面轴承表面滑动邻接的凹面的球面轴承表面；以及
所述轴承为整块状的纤维增强聚酰胺材料，包括围绕所述凹面的球面轴承表面周向延伸的碳纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的球形接头，其特征在于，所述纤维增强聚酰胺材料包括均围绕所述凹面的球面轴承表面周向延伸的玻璃纤维以及青铜片。
3.根据权利要求2所述的球形接头，其特征在于，所述纤维增强聚酰胺材料的组分包括：大于约57％的尼龙；大于0％且小于约30％的玻璃纤维；大于0％且小于约10％的碳纤维；以及大于0％且小于约10％的青铜片。
4.根据权利要求3所述的球形接头，其特征在于，所述纤维增强聚酰胺材料包括大于0％且小于约3％的白色颜料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的球形接头，其特征在于，所述轴承是上轴承并且进一步包括下轴承。
6.根据权利要求5所述的球形接头，其特征在于，所述上轴承容置于所述下轴承内。
7.根据权利要求5所述的球形接头，其特征在于，所述上轴承和所述下轴承中至少一个提供为具有润滑油槽。
8.根据权利要求5所述球形接头，其特征在于，所述下轴承提供为具有低摩擦涂层。
9.根据权利要求5所述的球形接头，其特征在于，进一步包括端盖和夹于所述上轴承和所述端盖之间的弹簧垫圈。
10.根据权利要求1所述的球形接头，其特征在于，所述螺柱具有与所述球面轴承表面相对的具有螺纹的端部。
11.一种制造球形接头的方法，其特征在于，包括：
将一轴承插入一金属外壳，该轴承构造为整块状的纤维增强聚酰胺材料，该纤维增强聚酰胺材料包括围绕轴承的凹面的球面轴承表面周向延伸的碳纤维，以及
使该凹面的球面轴承表面与一螺柱的金属球面轴承表面滑动邻接。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括提供纤维增强聚酰胺材料，该纤维增强聚酰胺材料包括围绕凹面的球面轴承表面周向延伸的玻璃纤维和青铜片。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括提供纤维增强聚酰胺材料，该纤维增强聚酰胺材料的组分包括：大于约57％的尼龙；大于0％且小于约30％的玻璃纤维；大于0％且小于约10％的碳纤维，以及大于0％且小于约10％的青铜片。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括提供纤维增强聚酰胺材料，该纤维增强聚酰胺材料包括大于0％且小于约3％的白色颜料。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法，进一步包括在插入轴承以与螺柱的金属球形表面滑动邻接的步骤之前模塑成型轴承的步骤。
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CA2886248A1 (en) 2014-04-03
MX2015003758A (es) 2016-01-14
US9316250B2 (en) 2016-04-19
JP2015529318A (ja) 2015-10-05
CN104781566B (zh) 2017-02-15

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