CN104776975A - Laboratory simulation device for ship bubble wake field - Google Patents
Laboratory simulation device for ship bubble wake field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种舰船气泡尾流场实验室模拟装置，其属于舰船尾流场的模拟及船池实验技术领域。该模拟装置包括船模、动力装置、舵形微孔陶瓷管和供气装置。动力装置的推进电机经传动轴驱动螺旋桨，在船模上采用固定架悬挂舵形微孔陶瓷管，供气装置的气源依次通过压力控制阀、气体流量计、供气软管连接位于舵形微孔陶瓷管中的供气管，舵形微孔陶瓷管采用中空薄壁的流线型结构。该模拟装置使气泡的运动特性、存留时间、扩散规律与实船的情况更为相似。通过流场的剪切作用，加快微孔处气泡的脱离，减小舵形微孔陶瓷管产生气泡的尺度，从而克服现有微孔喷气法只能生成较大尺度气泡的不足，使产生的模拟气泡尾流场中的气泡尺度分布与实船尾流中的情况更为相似。
The utility model relates to a laboratory simulation device of ship bubble wake field, which belongs to the technical field of ship wake field simulation and ship pool experiment. The simulation device includes a ship model, a power unit, a rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube and an air supply device. The propulsion motor of the power unit drives the propeller through the transmission shaft, and the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube is suspended on the ship model by a fixed frame. The air supply pipe in the microporous ceramic tube, the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube adopts a hollow and thin-walled streamlined structure. The simulation device makes the motion characteristics, residence time and diffusion law of the bubbles more similar to the situation of the real ship. Through the shearing effect of the flow field, the detachment of the bubbles at the micropores is accelerated, and the size of the bubbles generated by the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube is reduced, so as to overcome the deficiency that the existing micropore air injection method can only generate larger-scale bubbles, and make the generated bubbles The bubble size distribution in the simulated bubble wake field is more similar to that in the actual ship wake.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种舰船气泡尾流场实验室模拟装置，其属于舰船尾流场的模拟及船池实验技术领域。 The invention relates to a laboratory simulation device for ship bubble wake field, which belongs to the technical field of ship wake field simulation and ship pool experiment.
背景技术 Background technique
水面舰船航行时，会在其尾部形成一条含有大量微小气泡的尾迹。由于气泡的存在，尾流场的声、光等物理特征与周围普通水域相比存在显著差异，从而为探测、跟踪水面舰船提供了良好的目标特征。因此，舰船尾流气泡场特征研究具有重要的军事和民用价值，并已成为鱼雷制导、遥感探测等领域的一个热点。而直接在海上对实船的气泡尾流场特性及相关探测技术进行检测和试验，存在费用高、周期长等诸多不便，特别是海况、气象等不可控因素严重影响测量结果的可信性和规律性。所以，在实验室中模拟产生舰船气泡尾流场，对其物理特性及相关检测技术开展基础性研究，是一种高效的途径。目前，实验室中模拟生成气泡尾流场的方法主要有如下几种。 When a surface ship sails, it forms a trail of tiny air bubbles in its tail. Due to the existence of air bubbles, the sound, light and other physical characteristics of the wake field are significantly different from those of the surrounding common waters, thus providing good target characteristics for detecting and tracking surface ships. Therefore, the research on the characteristics of ship wake bubble field has important military and civilian value, and has become a hot spot in the fields of torpedo guidance and remote sensing detection. However, directly at sea to detect and test the bubble wake field characteristics of real ships and related detection technologies, there are many inconveniences such as high cost and long cycle, especially uncontrollable factors such as sea conditions and weather seriously affect the credibility and reliability of measurement results. Regularity. Therefore, it is an efficient way to simulate the ship bubble wake field in the laboratory and carry out basic research on its physical characteristics and related detection technologies. At present, there are mainly the following methods for simulating and generating bubble wake fields in the laboratory.
一、电解水法：根据电解水产生氢气的基本原理，将安放在水中的导电金属板接直流电源阳极，金属丝接阴极，通电后在金属丝上产生与金属丝直径相当的氢气泡，并通过调节电流改变气泡的数密度。但该方法无法生成舰船初始尾流中的大尺度气泡，且能耗巨大，产生的大量氢气散布于实验室内易引发爆炸、火灾，构成安全隐患。 1. Electrolyzed water method: According to the basic principle of electrolyzed water to generate hydrogen, the conductive metal plate placed in the water is connected to the anode of the DC power supply, and the metal wire is connected to the cathode. Change the number density of bubbles by adjusting the current. However, this method cannot generate large-scale bubbles in the initial wake of the ship, and consumes a lot of energy. The large amount of hydrogen produced is scattered in the laboratory, which may cause explosions and fires, posing a safety hazard.
二、化学反应法：即利用化学药剂与水反应生成气泡，目前常见的是使用酒石酸和碳酸氢钠配比的混合物与水剧烈反应生成大量二氧化碳气泡。但该方法生成气泡的尺度不易控制，且化学药剂难以快速均匀的散布于水中，可能形成一个个气泡密集的孤立“气穴”，无法模拟气泡均匀分布的舰船气泡尾流场。 2. Chemical reaction method: that is, the use of chemical agents to react with water to generate bubbles. At present, it is common to use a mixture of tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate to react violently with water to generate a large number of carbon dioxide bubbles. However, the scale of the bubbles generated by this method is not easy to control, and it is difficult to quickly and evenly disperse the chemical agent in the water, which may form isolated "cavitations" with dense bubbles, which cannot simulate the ship's bubble wake field with uniform distribution of bubbles.
三、微孔喷气法：将压缩气体通过微孔陶瓷等多孔材料直接喷入水中形成大量气泡。但在静水条件下该方法生成气泡的直径很难小于300μm，故该法只能生成舰船初始尾流中较大尺度的气泡，而无法模拟尾流自导鱼雷主要探测的中远程舰船气泡尾流场。 3. Microporous air injection method: spray compressed gas directly into water through porous materials such as microporous ceramics to form a large number of bubbles. However, under still water conditions, the diameter of the bubbles generated by this method is difficult to be less than 300 μm, so this method can only generate large-scale bubbles in the initial wake of the ship, but cannot simulate the bubbles of medium and long-range ships mainly detected by wake homing torpedoes wake field.
四、负压吸入法：通过专门设计的水翼在水中快速运动或水体流动，在翼面上产生局部负压，吸入外界空气后产生微气泡。但该方法较难控制气泡的尺度和数密度。 4. Negative pressure suction method: Through the rapid movement of specially designed hydrofoils in the water or the flow of water bodies, local negative pressure is generated on the surface of the airfoils, and micro-bubbles are generated after inhaling external air. However, it is difficult to control the size and number density of bubbles in this method.
上述方法除存在各自的不足外，还有一个共同的缺点，即仅产生了尾流中的气泡而无法模拟舰船运动产生的流场。但实际舰船尾流中，螺旋桨排出流、船体绕流及船兴波等因素产生的舰船尾流湍流场对微气泡的运动特性、存留时间、扩散规律等均有显著影响。因此，为更逼真的模拟舰船气泡尾流场，必须综合考虑舰船运动产生的气泡场和湍流场。 In addition to their own shortcomings, the above methods also have a common shortcoming, that is, only the bubbles in the wake are generated and the flow field generated by the ship's motion cannot be simulated. However, in the actual ship wake, the turbulent flow field of the ship wake caused by factors such as the discharge flow of the propeller, the flow around the hull, and the wave making of the ship has a significant impact on the movement characteristics, residence time, and diffusion law of microbubbles. Therefore, in order to simulate the ship bubble wake field more realistically, the bubble field and turbulence field generated by the ship motion must be considered comprehensively.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种舰船气泡尾流场实验室模拟装置，旨在克服现有方法的不足，实现对舰船气泡尾流场初生、扩散、消失的全寿命周期，气泡场、湍流场有机融合的全要素模拟。 The invention provides a laboratory simulation device for ship bubble wake field, which aims to overcome the deficiencies of the existing methods, realize the full life cycle of the ship bubble wake field from initial generation, diffusion, and disappearance, and organically integrate the bubble field and turbulent flow field. full-factor simulation.
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种舰船气泡尾流场实验室模拟装置，它包括一个船模，它还包括一个动力装置、一个舵形微孔陶瓷管和一个供气装置，所述动力装置采用推进电机经传动轴驱动螺旋桨，在螺旋桨后部的船模上，采用固定架悬挂一个舵形微孔陶瓷管；所述供气装置采用气源依次通过压力控制阀、气体流量计、供气软管连接位于舵形微孔陶瓷管中的供气管；所述舵形微孔陶瓷管采用中空薄壁的流线型结构，供气管通到舵形微孔陶瓷管内部空腔底部，微孔陶瓷管壁密布大小分布均匀、相互连通的桥拱状开口气孔，在船模的航速为每秒钟1m时，桥拱状开口气孔的孔径为0.05-0.15um，微孔陶瓷管壁的壁厚为12-16mm，通入气体的压力为0.25-0.35个大气压。 The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a laboratory simulation device for ship bubble wake field, which includes a ship model, and it also includes a power unit, a rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube and an air supply device, the power unit uses a propulsion motor to drive the propeller through the transmission shaft, and on the ship model at the rear of the propeller, a rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube is suspended by a fixed frame; the gas supply device uses the gas source to pass through the pressure control valve, The gas flow meter and the gas supply hose are connected to the gas supply pipe located in the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube; the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube adopts a hollow and thin-walled streamlined structure, and the gas supply pipe leads to the inner cavity of the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube At the bottom, the microporous ceramic tube wall is densely covered with evenly distributed and interconnected bridge-shaped opening pores. When the speed of the ship model is 1m per second, the pore diameter of the bridge-shaped opening pores is 0.05-0.15um, and the microporous ceramic tube The thickness of the wall is 12-16mm, and the pressure of the gas introduced is 0.25-0.35 atmospheric pressure.
上述的技术方案用于模拟生成舰船气泡尾流场。船模的线型、舵形微孔陶瓷管的尺寸和形状、螺旋桨的配置根据模拟的目标船设计和安装。推进电机通过传动轴带动螺旋桨提供船模自航所需的动力，并通过调节推进电机转速和船模吃水，实现不同航速、不同装载条件下舰船尾部模拟流场的生成。舵形微孔陶瓷管通过固定架安装于船模艉部舵叶处。气源的出口装有压力控制阀，由供气软管依次连通的气体流量计、舵形微孔陶瓷管向舰船尾部模拟流场中注入气体，生成大量微气泡，实现气泡场与湍流场的耦合模拟。舵形微孔陶瓷管的微孔孔径根据流场中气泡成长规律计算确定，并结合压力控制阀调节供气压力，实现对气泡尺度分布的控制。通过气体流量计调节供气流量，实现对气泡数密度的控制。 The above-mentioned technical scheme is used to simulate and generate the ship bubble wake field. The line shape of the ship model, the size and shape of the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube, and the configuration of the propeller are designed and installed according to the simulated target ship. The propulsion motor drives the propeller through the transmission shaft to provide the power required for the self-propulsion of the ship model, and by adjusting the speed of the propulsion motor and the draft of the ship model, the generation of the simulated flow field at the tail of the ship under different speeds and different loading conditions is realized. The rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube is installed on the rudder blade at the stern of the ship model through a fixing frame. The outlet of the gas source is equipped with a pressure control valve, and the gas flow meter and the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube connected in turn by the gas supply hose inject gas into the simulated flow field at the stern of the ship to generate a large number of microbubbles to realize the bubble field and turbulent flow field. coupling simulation. The micropore diameter of the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube is calculated and determined according to the bubble growth law in the flow field, and the pressure control valve is used to adjust the air supply pressure to realize the control of the bubble size distribution. The air supply flow rate is adjusted by the gas flow meter to realize the control of the number density of the bubbles.
本发明的有益效果是：这种舰船气泡尾流场实验室模拟装置包括船模、动力装置、舵形微孔陶瓷管和供气装置。动力装置的推进电机经传动轴驱动螺旋桨，在船模上采用固定架悬挂舵形微孔陶瓷管，供气装置的气源依次通过压力控制阀、气体流量计、供气软管连接位于舵形微孔陶瓷管中的供气管，舵形微孔陶瓷管采用中空薄壁的流线型结构。该模拟装置克服了只能产生气泡场而无法模拟舰船尾部流场的不足，使气泡的运动特性、存留时间、扩散规律与实船尾流中的情况更为相似。同时，通过流场的剪切作用，加快微孔处气泡的脱离，减小所述舵形微孔陶瓷管产生气泡的尺度，从而克服现有微孔喷气法只能生成较大尺度气泡的不足，使产生的模拟气泡尾流场中的气泡尺度分布与实船尾流中的情况更为相似。综合上述两点，该方法可为实验室中舰船气泡尾流场特性及相关检测技术研究提供与实船尾流更为相似的目标。 The beneficial effects of the invention are: the ship bubble wake field laboratory simulation device includes a ship model, a power device, a rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube and an air supply device. The propulsion motor of the power unit drives the propeller through the transmission shaft, and the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube is suspended on the ship model by a fixed frame. The air supply pipe in the microporous ceramic tube, the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube adopts a hollow and thin-walled streamlined structure. The simulation device overcomes the disadvantage that it can only generate bubble field but cannot simulate the flow field at the ship's stern, and makes the motion characteristics, residence time and diffusion law of the bubbles more similar to the situation in the real ship's wake. At the same time, through the shearing effect of the flow field, the detachment of the bubbles at the micropores is accelerated, and the scale of the bubbles generated by the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube is reduced, thereby overcoming the deficiency that the existing micropore air injection method can only generate larger-scale bubbles , so that the bubble size distribution in the simulated bubble wake field is more similar to that in the actual ship wake. Combining the above two points, this method can provide a target that is more similar to the real ship wake for the research on the characteristics of the ship bubble wake field and related detection technology in the laboratory.
附图说明 Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1是一种舰船气泡尾流场模拟装置的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a ship bubble wake field simulation device.
图2是舵形微孔陶瓷管的结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube.
图中：1、船模，2、螺旋桨，3、传动轴，4、推进电机，5、舵形微孔陶瓷管，5a、供气管，5b、上流线型端面，5c、下流线型端面，5d、微孔陶瓷管壁，6、气源，7、压力控制阀，8、气体流量计，9、固定架，10、供气软管。 In the figure: 1, ship model, 2, propeller, 3, transmission shaft, 4, propulsion motor, 5, rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube, 5a, air supply pipe, 5b, upstream streamlined end face, 5c, downstream streamlined end face, 5d, Microporous ceramic pipe wall, 6. gas source, 7. pressure control valve, 8. gas flow meter, 9. fixed frame, 10. gas supply hose.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
图1、2示出了一种舰船气泡尾流场模拟装置的结构示意图。图中，舰船气泡尾流场实验室模拟装置包括、船模1、动力装置、舵形微孔陶瓷管5和供气装置，动力装置采用推进电机4经传动轴3驱动螺旋桨2，在螺旋桨2后部的船模1上，采用固定架9悬挂一个舵形微孔陶瓷管5。供气装置采用气源6依次通过压力控制阀7、气体流量计8、供气软管10连接位于舵形微孔陶瓷管5中的供气管5a。舵形微孔陶瓷管5采用中空薄壁的流线型结构，供气管5a通到舵形微孔陶瓷管5内部空腔底部，微孔陶瓷管壁5d密布大小分布均匀、相互连通的桥拱状开口气孔，在船模1的航速为每秒钟1m时，桥拱状开口气孔的孔径为0.05-0.15um，微孔陶瓷管壁5d的壁厚为12-16mm，通入气体的压力为0.25-0.35个大气压。 Figures 1 and 2 show a schematic structural diagram of a ship bubble wake field simulation device. In the figure, the ship bubble wake field laboratory simulation device includes a ship model 1, a power device, a rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube 5 and an air supply device. The power device uses a propulsion motor 4 to drive a propeller 2 through a transmission shaft 3, and the On the ship model 1 of 2 rear parts, adopt fixed mount 9 to suspend a rudder shape microporous ceramic tube 5. The gas supply device uses the gas source 6 to connect the gas supply pipe 5a located in the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube 5 through the pressure control valve 7, the gas flow meter 8, and the gas supply hose 10 in sequence. The rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube 5 adopts a hollow and thin-walled streamlined structure, the air supply pipe 5a leads to the bottom of the internal cavity of the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube 5, and the microporous ceramic tube wall 5d is densely covered with evenly distributed and interconnected bridge arch openings Stomata, when the speed of ship model 1 is 1m per second, the aperture of bridge arch-shaped opening pore is 0.05-0.15um, the wall thickness of microporous ceramic pipe wall 5d is 12-16mm, and the pressure of feeding gas is 0.25- 0.35 atmospheres.
采用上述的技术方案，船模1根据所要模拟的目标船的型线加工制成。螺旋桨2根据所要模拟的目标船的螺旋桨配置情况安装于船模1上。推进电机4安装于船模1中，由外接电源和电机调速装置供电和控制，并经传动轴3连接螺旋桨2，为船模1提供自航所需的动力。舵形微孔陶瓷管5根据所要模拟的目标船的舵叶形状加工制成，并根据目标船舵叶的安装位置由固定架9安装于船模1艉部。气源6和气体流量计8放置在船模1上。气源6的出口安装压力控制阀7，再经供气软管10依次连接气体流量计8和舵形微孔陶瓷管5。供气软管10的末端与供气管5a连接。在有拖车设备的专业船模试验水池中，进行约束自航实验时，也可将气源6、压力控制阀7和气体流量计8放置于拖车上。 By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the ship model 1 is processed according to the profile of the target ship to be simulated. The propeller 2 is installed on the ship model 1 according to the propeller configuration of the target ship to be simulated. The propulsion motor 4 is installed in the ship model 1, powered and controlled by an external power supply and a motor speed control device, and connected to the propeller 2 through the transmission shaft 3 to provide the required power for the ship model 1 to propel itself. The rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube 5 is processed according to the shape of the rudder blade of the target ship to be simulated, and is installed on the stern of the ship model 1 by the fixing frame 9 according to the installation position of the rudder blade of the target ship. The gas source 6 and the gas flow meter 8 are placed on the ship model 1 . A pressure control valve 7 is installed at the outlet of the gas source 6, and then the gas flow meter 8 and the rudder-shaped microporous ceramic tube 5 are connected in sequence through the gas supply hose 10. The end of the air supply hose 10 is connected to the air supply pipe 5a. In the professional ship model test pool with trailer equipment, the air source 6, the pressure control valve 7 and the gas flow meter 8 can also be placed on the trailer when carrying out the restraint self-propulsion experiment.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108458854A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of three-dimensional stern flow-field test device |
| CN110530605A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-12-03 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of submarine navigation device exhaust experimental provision |
| CN114544140A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Device and method for measuring rudder force behind propeller based on one-way force transducer |
| CN118243343A (en) * | 2024-05-28 | 2024-06-25 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Ship water pressure field simulation generating device and simulation test method |
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| JP3174717B2 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 2001-06-11 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Underwater bubble generator with adjustable bubble diameter |
| JPH10123013A (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1998-05-15 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Microbubble generator |
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| CN201914446U (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2011-08-03 | 浙江海洋学院 | Novel propeller transmission device |
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| CN203519301U (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-04-02 | 韩颖骏 | Self-propelled ship model resistance measurement device |
| CN103861488A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-06-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | Micro-bubble generating device |
| CN204514567U (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-29 | 中国人民解放军91439部队 | A kind of Ship Bubbles Wake field laboratory simulation device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108458854A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of three-dimensional stern flow-field test device |
| CN108458854B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2024-02-02 | 华中科技大学 | Three-dimensional stern flow field testing device |
| CN110530605A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-12-03 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of submarine navigation device exhaust experimental provision |
| CN110530605B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-07-13 | 南京理工大学 | An underwater vehicle exhaust experiment device |
| CN114544140A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Device and method for measuring rudder force behind propeller based on one-way force transducer |
| CN114544140B (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2024-06-21 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Device and method for measuring rudder force after oar based on unidirectional force transducer |
| CN118243343A (en) * | 2024-05-28 | 2024-06-25 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Ship water pressure field simulation generating device and simulation test method |
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