CN104764745A - Physical testing method capable of directly observing internal deformation of rock mass model - Google Patents
Physical testing method capable of directly observing internal deformation of rock mass model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a physical testing method capable of directly observing the internal deformation of a rock mass model, which belongs to a physical testing method for rock mass models. The method is implemented through mixing three industrial materials, i.e. silicon powder, liquid paraffin and n-tridecane at a mass ratio of 1:0. 836:0.702 so as to form a transparent rock mass similar material; then, pouring the transparent rock mass similar material into a rock mass model testing device for many times to carry out vacuum-pumping treatment, so that air in the similar material is discharged, and in the process of pouring for vacuum-pumping, regularly paving colored homogeneous silicon powder particles on several planes of the inside of a rock mass model so as to form artificial spot-making planes; and after a transparent rock mass model is completely manufactured, carrying out displacement tracking monitoring on artificial colored particles in the model in the process of testing by using a digital camera photogrammetry technology, so that rock mass deformation evolving data of each key part in the model is obtained. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the direct observation on the internal deformation of a rock mass is realized; and the method can monitor full-field deformation, and is simple and flexible, economic in use, good in stability, and easy to promote.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of strata model physical test method, particularly a kind of strata model physical test method directly can observing internal modification.
Background technology
Geotechnical Engineering field, physical simulation test is the important means of current research Geotechnical Engineering science and technology problem, and geotechnical model surface and the careful measurement of internal modification are the important evidence of multianalysis ground deformation rule and mechanism.But, the distortion of model inside is caused directly to observe because present physical similar model material is opaque, generally take borehole camera and CT scan two kinds of technology more, the former can carry out direct camera observation to model inside regional area, but complicated operation and damage can be caused to model, in addition, the data volume obtained is very limited, is nowhere near for " universe " deformation behaviour analyzing rock mass inside; Though and the latter can carry out harmless observation to the distortion of the universe of model inside, but still belong to indirect inspection, and instrument and equipment is expensive and can only be used for small-scale model.Thus, the experimental study of the inner comprehensively careful distortion of current strata model and complicated mechanical behavior rule thereof is still greatly limited.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of strata model physical test method directly can observing internal modification, solve the problem that current strata model internal modification cannot directly be observed.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: comprise the following steps:
(a) prefabricated strata model test unit, comprise glass casing and peripheral steel frame two kinds of structures, wherein, glass casing is made up of 6 pieces of poly (methyl methacrylate) plates, bottom surface glass plate needs to bore that upper multiple array pitch are 10mm, aperture is the aperture of 2mm, discharge for liquid during transparent Similar Material of Rockmass consolidation, face glass plate then needs to bore hole that is circular or other shapes according to model experiment condition and excavates to facilitate follow-up test; The object of peripheral steel frame ensures that organic glass box body under trial load effect, bulge deformation can not occur, and it is made up of the cutting steel plate of 4 pieces of hollows and 8 screw rods;
B () uses colored spray paint can to spray paint process to 300 object transparent silicon powder particles respectively, form the colored silicon powder particle of various solid color, then mixed by equal in quality ratio by assorted silicon powder particle, obtains colored mixing silicon powder particle;
(c) by these three kinds of industrial materials of 300 order silica flours, whiteruss and n-tridecane in mass ratio 1:0.836:0.702 be uniformly mixed and form transparent Similar Material of Rockmass;
D () first removes the peripheral steel-frame structure of strata model test unit, and remove the face glass plate of machine glass casing, 5 pieces of glass plates that organic glass case is remaining are fixed, form the glass box container that does not have top cover, then, be positioned in vacuum tank by back glass plate mode down by glass box integral container, the inner space of vacuum tank is greater than the peripheral space of organic glass case composition;
E () is poured the transparent Similar Material of Rockmass made into and is carried out vacuumizing building in glass casing, the amount at every turn poured into is about fills up glass box body thickness 20mm-30mm, the time vacuumized is about 20min-30min, in vacuum, when model build highly reach predetermined artificial position, spot face processed time, in glass box, evenly sprinkle one deck color mix silicon powder particle, or only arrange color dispersion point silicon powder particle at some specific positions, form artificial spot face processed; Then, continuing in glass box, pour transparent Similar Material of Rockmass into carries out vacuumizing until model one-piece casting completes;
F () strata model has been built after, the front panel covering glass casing carries out model encapsulates, then the peripheral steel frame of the two blocks of glass in front and back 4 screw rods are coupled together, by bottom surface glass down, to attention glass box, again the peripheral steel frame of the left and right sides is also coupled together with 4 remaining screw rods, lay down the top board of organic glass case afterwards;
G () carries out hierarchical loading consolidation to transparent strata model, consolidation pressure and consolidation time are determined according to test condition, and simulation rock is harder, and consolidation pressure is larger or consolidation time is longer;
H () transparent strata model consolidation completes after, before on-test, first namely respectively lay a photography luminaire near proceeds posterolateral both sides of back glass plate at model inspection surface and white light Uniform Illumination is carried out to model inside artificial color loose some particle, and be about 0.5m place laying one or two high-resolution digital camera in model inspection surface dead astern, digital camera is connected with one, testing ground computing machine, and adjustment digital camera parameter makes the model inside loose some particle image that collects clear;
I () is adopted the digital camera that computerizeds control and is carried out image and automatically gather, frequency acquisition be 5 seconds to 10 seconds one, after test, use two-dimensional digital photograph measurement software PhotoInfor or 3-dimensional digital photograph to measure software Photogram_3D and digital speckle follow-up analysis is carried out to the color dispersion point particle in all collection images, and then obtain the rock mass deformation of each key point of strata model inside.
In described step (c), a kind of flowable transparent colloid when just being completed by these three kinds of material formulations of silica flour, whiteruss and n-tridecane, this transparent colloid needs the loading consolidation through certain hour and pressure, after wherein a part of liquid discharges model, just can possess the distinctive physico-mechanical properties of rock mass, as fragility, fracturing features, the rock mass in Practical Project could be simulated, consolidation pressure is larger or consolidation time is longer, and the rock that this transparent material can be simulated is harder.
In described step (e), carrying out color dispersion point particle spot in strata model inside has two kinds of methods, the 1st kind be model inside a plane on uniform spreading spill the colored silicon powder particle of one deck, form an artificial color speckle face; 2nd kind is the colored speckle point adopting colored silicon powder particle alternative arrangement multiple diameter 1mm, spacing 10mm in 2 to 3 planes of model inside.
In described step (h), the analysis of Digital photographic measuring deformation is carried out to the colored silicon powder particle in model inside and has two kinds of methods, 1st kind is lay a high-resolution digital camera at the dead astern 0.5m of model inspection surface to carry out omnidistance image acquisition to the inner color dispersion point of the model in process of the test, adopts two-dimensional digital to take a picture afterwards and measures the two dimensional surface deformation that software PhotoInfor obtains these color dispersion points in process of the test; 2nd kind is carry out omnidistance image acquisition in the high-resolution digital camera of the parallel laying of dead astern 0.5m two same model of model inspection surface to the inner color dispersion point of the model in process of the test, adopts 3-dimensional digital to take a picture afterwards and measures the 3 D deformation situation that software Photogram_3D obtains these color dispersion points in process of the test; When adopting the 2nd kind of method, need first within 4 weeks, lay more than 6 reference mark at model and obtain the three dimensional space coordinate at these reference mark.
Beneficial effect, first the strata model test unit be made up of rectangular organic glass casing and peripheral steel frame is adopted, by silica flour, whiteruss and n-tridecane in mass ratio the transparent Similar Material of Rockmass that makes of 1:0.836:0.702 and strata model inside colored silicon powder particle manually spot method processed make and obtain transparent rock mass physical model, then use the colored silicon powder particle of Digital photographic measurement technology to strata model inside to carry out distortion and follow the trail of measurement, solve the problem that the inner comprehensively careful distortion of current strata model cannot directly be observed, reach object of the present invention.
Advantage: can monitor whole field deformation, simple and flexible, uses economy, good stability, is easy to promote; Achieve the direct observation to strata model internal modification.Can be used for the physical test research of the internal modification observation and analysis of the Geotechnical Engineering physical models such as such as mountain tunnel, rock laneway, foundation, side slope.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is workflow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure composition diagram of modeled glass case of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the peripheral steel frame of modeled glass case of the present invention.
Fig. 4 (a) is the random artificial loose some particle spot schematic diagram of the present invention's transparent strata model inner homogeneous.
The artificial loose some particle spot schematic diagram that Fig. 4 (b) is the transparent strata model inside of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the two-dimensional digital photograph method for measurement schematic diagram of the transparent strata model internal modification of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the 3-dimensional digital photograph method for measurement schematic diagram of the transparent strata model internal modification of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: comprise the following steps:
(a) prefabricated strata model test unit, comprise glass casing and peripheral steel frame two kinds of structures, wherein, glass casing is made up of (accompanying drawing 2) 6 pieces of poly (methyl methacrylate) plates, bottom surface glass plate needs to bore that upper multiple array pitch are 10mm, aperture is the aperture of 2mm, discharge for liquid during transparent Similar Material of Rockmass consolidation, face glass plate then needs to bore hole that is circular or other shapes according to model experiment condition and excavates to facilitate follow-up test; The object of peripheral steel frame ensures that organic glass box body under trial load effect, bulge deformation can not occur, and it is made up of the cutting steel plate (accompanying drawing 3) of 4 pieces of hollows and 8 screw rods;
B () uses colored spray paint can to spray paint process to 300 object transparent silicon powder particles respectively, form the colored silicon powder particle of various solid color, then mixed by equal in quality ratio by assorted silicon powder particle, obtains colored mixing silicon powder particle;
(c) by these three kinds of industrial materials of 300 order silica flours, whiteruss and n-tridecane in mass ratio 1:0.836:0.702 be uniformly mixed and form transparent Similar Material of Rockmass;
D () first removes the peripheral steel-frame structure of strata model test unit, and remove the face glass plate of machine glass casing, 5 pieces of glass plates that organic glass case is remaining are fixed, form the glass box container that does not have top cover, then, be positioned in vacuum tank by back glass plate mode down by glass box integral container, the inner space of vacuum tank is greater than the peripheral space of organic glass case composition;
E () is poured the transparent Similar Material of Rockmass made into and is carried out vacuumizing building in glass casing, the amount at every turn poured into is about fills up glass box body thickness 20mm-30mm, the time vacuumized is about 20min-30min, in vacuum, when model build highly reach predetermined artificial position, spot face processed time, in glass box, evenly sprinkle one deck color mix silicon powder particle, or only arrange color dispersion point silicon powder particle at some specific positions, accompanying drawing 4, forms artificial spot face processed; Then, continuing in glass box, pour transparent Similar Material of Rockmass into carries out vacuumizing until model one-piece casting completes;
F () strata model has been built after, the front panel covering glass casing carries out model encapsulates, then the peripheral steel frame of the two blocks of glass in front and back 4 screw rods are coupled together, by bottom surface glass down, to attention glass box, again the peripheral steel frame of the left and right sides is also coupled together with 4 remaining screw rods, lay down the top board of organic glass case afterwards;
G () carries out hierarchical loading consolidation to transparent strata model, consolidation pressure and consolidation time are determined according to test condition, and simulation rock is harder, and consolidation pressure is larger or consolidation time is longer;
H () transparent strata model consolidation completes after, before on-test, first at model inspection surface, respectively lay a photography luminaire near proceeds posterolateral both sides of back glass plate and white light Uniform Illumination is carried out to model inside artificial color loose some particle, and be about 0.5m place laying one or two high-resolution digital camera in model inspection surface dead astern, digital camera is connected with one, testing ground computing machine, and adjustment digital camera parameter makes the model inside loose some particle image that collects clear;
I () is adopted the digital camera that computerizeds control and is carried out image and automatically gather, frequency acquisition be 5 seconds to 10 seconds one, after test, use two-dimensional digital photograph measurement software PhotoInfor or 3-dimensional digital photograph to measure software Photogram_3D and digital speckle follow-up analysis is carried out to the color dispersion point particle in all collection images, and then obtain the rock mass deformation of each key point of strata model inside.
In described step (c), a kind of flowable transparent colloid when just being completed by these three kinds of material formulations of silica flour, whiteruss and n-tridecane, this transparent colloid needs the loading consolidation through certain hour and pressure, after wherein a part of liquid discharges model, just can possess the distinctive physico-mechanical properties of rock mass, as fragility, fracturing features etc., the rock mass in Practical Project could be simulated, result of study shows, consolidation pressure is larger or consolidation time is longer, and the rock that this transparent material can be simulated is harder.
In described step (e), carrying out color dispersion point particle spot in strata model inside has two kinds of methods, the 1st kind be model inside a plane on uniform spreading spill the colored silicon powder particle of one deck, form an artificial color speckle face; 2nd kind is the colored speckle point adopting colored silicon powder particle alternative arrangement multiple diameter 1mm, spacing 10mm in 2 to 3 planes of model inside.
In described step (h), the analysis of Digital photographic measuring deformation is carried out to the colored silicon powder particle in model inside and has two kinds of methods, 1st kind is lay a high-resolution digital camera at the dead astern 0.5m of model inspection surface to carry out omnidistance image acquisition to the inner color dispersion point of the model in process of the test, adopt two-dimensional digital to take a picture afterwards and measure the two dimensional surface deformation that software PhotoInfor obtains these color dispersion points in process of the test, as accompanying drawing 5; 2nd kind is carry out omnidistance image acquisition in the high-resolution digital camera of the parallel laying of dead astern 0.5m two same model of model inspection surface to the inner color dispersion point of the model in process of the test, adopts 3-dimensional digital to take a picture afterwards and measures the 3 D deformation situation that software Photogram_3D obtains these color dispersion points in process of the test; When but adopting the 2nd kind of method, need within 4 weeks, lay more than 6 reference mark at model in advance and obtain the three dimensional space coordinate at these reference mark, as shown in Figure 6.
Fig. 1 describes workflow of the present invention.First need the strata model test unit of a prefabricated rectangular structure for splendid attire Similar Material of Rockmass and the model test of carrying out under various condition, this device comprises organic glass rectangular box body and peripheral steel frame two kinds of structures; Then, by these three kinds of industrial materials of silica flour, whiteruss and n-tridecane in mass ratio 1:0.836:0.702 be uniformly mixed and form transparent Similar Material of Rockmass, then, several times transparent Similar Material of Rockmass is poured in strata model test unit and carries out vacuumizing process, discharge to make the air in analog material; And build in the process vacuumized at this, in several planes of strata model inside, regular paving spills colored homogeneity silicon powder particle, forms artificial spot plane processed; Finally, after transparent strata model completes, adopt Digital photographic measurement technology these artificial color particles to model inside in process of the test to carry out displaced trace monitoring, and then obtain the rock mass deformation Evolving data of model each key position inner.
Fig. 2 describes modeled glass box structure of the present invention.This modeled glass case is made up of 6 pieces of poly (methyl methacrylate) plates, and the size of each glass plate is determined according to empirical model size.Wherein the bottom surface glass plate of glass casing needs evenly to bore that upper multiple array pitch are 10mm, aperture is the aperture of 2mm, discharge for liquid during transparent Similar Material of Rockmass consolidation, face glass plate then needs to bore hole that is circular or other shapes according to model experiment condition and excavates to facilitate follow-up test.
Fig. 3 describes the peripheral steel-frame structure of modeled glass case of the present invention.Peripheral steel frame (is formed by steel plate integral cutting by the cutting steel plate of 4 pieces of hollows, 4 corner location reserve threaded hole, its size is also determined according to empirical model) and 8 screw rod compositions, wherein, 4 blocks of hollow steel plates are arranged in the front of organic glass casing, the back side, left side and position, 4, right side, and each two blocks of hollow steel plates in front and back, left side and right side form a whole respectively by 4 screw rods.Object ensures that these the 4 pieces of glass plates around organic glass box body under trial load effect, bulge deformation can not occur, and causes destroying.
Fig. 4 illustrates two kinds of artificial colors loose some particle spot method of transparent strata model inside.1st kind be model inside a plane on evenly random paving spill the colored silicon powder particle of one deck, form an artificial color speckle face; 2nd kind is the color grains speckle point adopting colored silicon powder particle to interlock to arrange in an orderly manner multiple diameter 1mm, spacing 10mm in 2 to 3 planes of model inside.
Fig. 5 illustrates the two-dimentional warped digital photograph method for measurement of the inner measuring point of transparent strata model.Before on-test, first namely respectively lay a photography luminaire near proceeds posterolateral both sides of back glass plate at model inspection surface and white light Uniform Illumination is carried out to model inside artificial color loose some particle, and be about 0.5m place laying high-resolution digital camera in model inspection surface dead astern, digital camera is connected with one, testing ground computing machine, and adjustment digital camera parameter makes the model inside loose some particle image that collects clear; Then, digital camera each the colored speckle point to transparent strata model inside that computerizeds control carries out BR; Finally, after off-test, PhotoInfor software is adopted to carry out analyzing and processing to a series of images that digital camera in process of the test photographs, the final two dimension distortion obtaining strata model each speckle point inner.
Fig. 6 illustrates the 3 D deformation Digital photographic method for measurement of the inner measuring point of transparent strata model.Before experiment starts, first namely respectively lay a photography luminaire near proceeds posterolateral both sides of back glass plate at model inspection surface and white light Uniform Illumination is carried out to model inside artificial color loose some particle, and be about 0.5m place laying two high-resolution digital camera in model inspection surface dead astern, digital camera is connected with one, testing ground computing machine, and adjustment digital camera parameter makes the model inside loose some particle image that collects clear; Then, by the reference mark framework traverse of homemade known control point three-dimensional point three-dimensional coordinate before transparent strata model, and computer for controlling makes two digital cameras take a picture to reference mark framework simultaneously; Afterwards, in model test process, remove reference mark framework, then two digital cameras each colored speckle point to transparent strata model inside that computerizeds control carries out BR; Finally, after off-test, Photogram_3D software is adopted to carry out analyzing and processing, the final 3 D deformation obtaining strata model each speckle point inner to a series of images that two cameras in process of the test photograph.
Claims (4)
1. directly can observe a strata model physical test method for internal modification, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(a) prefabricated strata model test unit, comprise glass casing and peripheral steel frame two kinds of structures, wherein, glass casing is made up of 6 pieces of poly (methyl methacrylate) plates, bottom surface glass plate needs to bore that upper multiple array pitch are 10mm, aperture is the aperture of 2mm, discharge for liquid during transparent Similar Material of Rockmass consolidation, face glass plate then needs to bore hole that is circular or other shapes according to model experiment condition and excavates to facilitate follow-up test; The object of peripheral steel frame ensures that organic glass box body under trial load effect, bulge deformation can not occur, and it is made up of the cutting steel plate of 4 pieces of hollows and 8 screw rods;
B () uses colored spray paint can to spray paint process to 300 object transparent silicon powder particles respectively, form the colored silicon powder particle of various solid color, then mixed by equal in quality ratio by assorted silicon powder particle, obtains colored mixing silicon powder particle;
(c) by these three kinds of industrial materials of 300 order silica flours, whiteruss and n-tridecane in mass ratio 1:0.836:0.702 be uniformly mixed and form transparent Similar Material of Rockmass;
D () first removes the peripheral steel-frame structure of strata model test unit, and remove the face glass plate of machine glass casing, 5 pieces of glass plates that organic glass case is remaining are fixed, form the glass box container that does not have top cover, then, be positioned in vacuum tank by back glass plate mode down by glass box integral container, the inner space of vacuum tank is greater than the peripheral space of organic glass case composition;
E () is poured the transparent Similar Material of Rockmass made into and is carried out vacuumizing building in glass casing, the amount at every turn poured into is about fills up glass box body thickness 20mm-30mm, and the time vacuumized is about 20min-30min.In vacuum, when model build highly reach predetermined artificial position, spot face processed time, in glass box, evenly sprinkle one deck color mix silicon powder particle, or only arrange color dispersion point silicon powder particle at some specific positions, form manually spot face processed; Then, continuing in glass box, pour transparent Similar Material of Rockmass into carries out vacuumizing until model one-piece casting completes;
F () strata model has been built after, the front panel covering glass casing carries out model encapsulates, then the peripheral steel frame of the two blocks of glass in front and back 4 screw rods are coupled together, by bottom surface glass down, to attention glass box, again the peripheral steel frame of the left and right sides is also coupled together with 4 remaining screw rods, lay down the top board of organic glass case afterwards;
G () carries out hierarchical loading consolidation to transparent strata model, consolidation pressure and consolidation time are determined according to test condition, and simulation rock is harder, and consolidation pressure is larger or consolidation time is longer;
H () transparent strata model consolidation completes after, before on-test, first at model inspection surface, a photography luminaire is respectively laid near proceeds posterolateral both sides of back glass plate, white light Uniform Illumination is carried out to model inside artificial color loose some particle, and being about 0.5m place laying one or two high-resolution digital camera in model inspection surface dead astern, digital camera is connected with one, testing ground computing machine, and adjustment digital camera parameter makes the model inside loose some particle image that collects clear;
I () is adopted the digital camera that computerizeds control and is carried out image and automatically gather, frequency acquisition be 5 seconds to 10 seconds one, after test, use two-dimensional digital photograph measurement software PhotoInfor or 3-dimensional digital photograph to measure software Photogram_3D and digital speckle follow-up analysis is carried out to the color dispersion point particle in all collection images, and then obtain the rock mass deformation of each key point of strata model inside.
2. a kind of strata model physical test method directly can observing internal modification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (c), by silica flour, whiteruss and these three kinds of material formulations of n-tridecane are a kind of flowable transparent colloids when just completing, this transparent colloid needs the loading consolidation through certain hour and pressure, after wherein a part of liquid discharges model, just can possess the distinctive physico-mechanical properties of rock mass, as fragility, fracturing features, the rock mass in Practical Project could be simulated, consolidation pressure is larger or consolidation time is longer, the rock that this transparent material can be simulated is harder.
3. a kind of strata model physical test method directly can observing internal modification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (e), carry out color dispersion point particle spot in strata model inside and have two kinds of methods, 1st kind be model inside a plane on uniform spreading spill the colored silicon powder particle of one deck, form an artificial color speckle face; 2nd kind is the colored speckle point adopting colored silicon powder particle alternative arrangement multiple diameter 1mm, spacing 10mm in 2 to 3 planes of model inside.
4. a kind of strata model physical test method directly can observing internal modification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (h), the analysis of Digital photographic measuring deformation is carried out to the colored silicon powder particle in model inside and has two kinds of methods, 1st kind is lay a high-resolution digital camera at the dead astern 0.5m of model inspection surface to carry out omnidistance image acquisition to the inner color dispersion point of the model in process of the test, adopts two-dimensional digital to take a picture afterwards and measures the two dimensional surface deformation that software PhotoInfor obtains these color dispersion points in process of the test; 2nd kind is carry out omnidistance image acquisition in the high-resolution digital camera of the parallel laying of dead astern 0.5m two same model of model inspection surface to the inner color dispersion point of the model in process of the test, adopts 3-dimensional digital to take a picture afterwards and measures the 3 D deformation situation that software Photogram_3D obtains these color dispersion points in process of the test; When adopting the 2nd kind of method, need first within 4 weeks, lay more than 6 reference mark at model and obtain the three dimensional space coordinate at these reference mark.
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