CN104763396B - The system and method that the passing away generated using heat produces hydrocarbon from Tar sands - Google Patents
The system and method that the passing away generated using heat produces hydrocarbon from Tar sands Download PDFInfo
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- CN104763396B CN104763396B CN201510064077.XA CN201510064077A CN104763396B CN 104763396 B CN104763396 B CN 104763396B CN 201510064077 A CN201510064077 A CN 201510064077A CN 104763396 B CN104763396 B CN 104763396B
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- stratum
- producing well
- heater
- hydrocarbon
- heat
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
Abstract
Describe a kind of system of processing tar sand formation.The system comprises multiple heaters in stratum.Heater includes at least partly horizontal heating part being at least partially disposed in the hydrocarbon layers of stratum.The heating part is at least partly arranged in patterns in hydrocarbon layers.Heater is set as providing heat to hydrocarbon layers.The heat of offer generates multiple passing aways of moving fluid.At least two in passing away converge.Producing well is set as the passing away converged from hydrocarbon layers and collects and produce moving fluid.
Description
The application is divisional application, and the applying date of parent application is on October 20th, 2006, application No. is
200680044203.4 and entitled " passing away generated using heat produces system and the side of hydrocarbon from Tar sands
Method ".
Technical field
This patent disclosure relates generally to for producing hydrocarbon, hydrogen and/or other productions from various subsurface formations such as hydrocarbon containing formation
The method and system of product.
Background technology
The hydrocarbon obtained from subsurface formations is commonly used as the energy, as raw material and as the consumer goods.To obtainable hydrocarbon source
The worry that the gross mass of the worry and the hydrocarbon to being produced that exhaust declines, which already leads to develop, more efficiently to be harvested, processes
And/or the method using obtainable hydrocarbon source.In-situ method can be used to remove hydrocarbon materials from subsurface formations.It may need to change ground
The chemistry and/or physical property of hydrocarbon materials in lower stratum, to allow hydrocarbon materials more easily to be removed from subsurface formations.Change
It learns and physical change may include generating in extensible fluid, composition variation, changes in solubility, variable density, phase transformation and/or stratum
The reaction in-situ of the viscosity change of hydrocarbon materials.Fluid can be but not limited to gas, liquid, lotion, slurry and/or have and liquid
The logistics of the solid particle of the similar flow performance of body flowing.
Find that (such as in Tar sands) include in relatively impenetrable stratum in North America, South America, Africa and Asia
Big heavy hydrocarbon (mink cell focus and/or pitch) reserves.Tar can be surface mining and to be upgraded to lighter hydrocarbon such as crude oil, stone brain
Oil, kerosene and/or gas oil.Ground ore dressing processing further can be such that pitch is detached with sand.The pitch of separation can use normal
The method of refining of rule is converted to light hydrocarbon.Compared with being produced compared with lighter hydrocarbons from conventional oil reservoirs, mining and upgrading tar sand are usual
It is more significantly more expensive.
Produced in situ hydrocarbon can be used heating and/or inject a gas into stratum to realize from Tar sands.Ostapovich etc.
It is raw that the United States Patent (USP) No.5339897 of the United States Patent (USP) No.5211230 and Leaute of people describe the level in oil reservoirs
Produce well.Vertical conduit can be used to oxidant gas injection reservoir being used for situ combustion.
The United States Patent (USP) No.2780450 of Ljungstrom describes In Situ Heating bituminous geo-logical terrain and keeps liquid burnt
Oily mater converts or cracking is that oil is gentle.
The United States Patent (USP) No.4597441 of Ware et al. is described in reservoir petrochina, heat and hydrogen while being contacted, and adds hydrogen
Oil can be improved from the recovery ratio in reservoir.
The No.5060726 of the United States Patent (USP) No.5046559 and Glandt of Glandt et al. describe preheating injector well and
Part tar sand formation between producing well.Steam can be injected into stratum from injector well to produce hydrocarbon in producing well.
As described above, done a large amount of effort economically produces hydrocarbon, hydrogen and/or other products from hydrocarbon containing formation to develop
Method and system.However, still therefrom cannot economically produce hydrocarbon, hydrogen and/or other products there are many hydrocarbon containing formation at present.
Therefore, there is still a need for economically producing the improved method and system of hydrocarbon, hydrogen and/or other products from various hydrocarbon containing formations.
Invention content
Embodiment described herein relates generally to system, method and the heater of processing subsurface formations.Herein
Described in embodiment also generally relate to wherein with novel component heater.By using system described herein and
Method can obtain this kind of heater.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides one or more systems, method and/or heater.In some implementations
In scheme, the system, method and/or heater are for handling subsurface formations.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides a kind of system for handling tar sand formation, including：Positioned at stratum
In multiple heaters, wherein heater includes at least partly horizontal heating part being at least partially disposed in the hydrocarbon layers of stratum,
The heating part is at least partly arranged in patterns in hydrocarbon layers and heater is set as providing heat, the heat provided to hydrocarbon layers
Amount generates multiple passing aways of moving fluid, and at least two in passing away converge；It is set as from hydrocarbon layers with producing well
The passing away converged is collected and production moving fluid.
In some embodiments, the present invention provides a kind of method for handling tar sand formation, including：From positioned at ground
At least partly hydrocarbon layers of multiple heaters into stratum in layer provide heat；Allow at least some moving fluids along passing away
And/or the passing away converged is flowed to from stratum in producing well；At least some moving fluids are produced with by producing well.
In a further embodiment, feature from specific embodiment can be combined and from other embodiments
Feature.Such as the feature from an embodiment can be combined with the feature from any other embodiment.
In a further embodiment, using any type method, system or heater described herein, underground is carried out
The processing on stratum.
In a further embodiment, it can add in additional feature to specific embodiments described herein.
Description of the drawings
In the case where benefiting from following detailed description and refer to the attached drawing, advantages of the present invention is for those skilled in the art
It will become obvious for member, wherein：
Fig. 1 describes the explanation in the stage to heating hydrocarbon containing formation.
Fig. 2 gives the schematic diagram of the embodiment of a part for the situ heat treatment system for handling hydrocarbon containing formation.
Fig. 3 describes the side view for the embodiment that moving fluid is produced from the tar sand formation with opposite thin hydrocarbon layers
Figure.
Fig. 4 describes the reality that moving fluid is produced from the tar sand formation with the hydrocarbon layers thicker than hydrocarbon layers shown in Fig. 3
Apply the side view of scheme.
Fig. 5 describes the reality that moving fluid is produced from the tar sand formation with the hydrocarbon layers thicker than hydrocarbon layers shown in Fig. 4
Apply the side view of scheme.
Fig. 6 describes the embodiment that moving fluid is produced from the tar sand formation with the hydrocarbon layers with intercalated shale
Side view.
Fig. 7 describes the temperature profile in stratum behind 360 days simulated with STARS.
Fig. 8 describes the oil saturation sectional view in stratum behind 360 days simulated with STARS.
Fig. 9 describes the oil saturation sectional view in stratum behind 1095 days simulated with STARS.
Figure 10 describes the oil saturation sectional view in stratum behind 1470 days simulated with STARS.
Figure 11 describes the oil saturation sectional view in stratum behind 1826 days simulated with STARS.
Figure 12 describes the temperature profile in stratum behind 1826 days simulated with STARS.
Figure 13 describes the relationship of oily throughput rate gentle throughput rate and time.
Although the present invention is easy to carry out various modifications and alterations form, specific embodiment passes through the implementation in attached drawing
Example mode provides, and can be described in detail here.Attached drawing may not be in proportion.It will be appreciated, however, that attached drawing and its in detail
Illustrate to be not intended to limit the invention to particular forms disclosed, on the contrary, the quasi- covering of the present invention falls and defines in appended claims
Spirit and scope of the invention in all improvement, equivalence and alternative solution.
Specific implementation mode
Following the description is usually related to handling the System and method for of the hydrocarbon in stratum.This stratum can be handled and obtain hydrocarbon production
Product, hydrogen and other products.
" hydrocarbon " is normally defined the molecule mainly formed by carbon and hydrogen atom.Hydrocarbon may also comprise other elements, such as but not
It is limited to halogen, metallic element, nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulphur.Hydrocarbon can be but not limited to kerogen, pitch, pyrobitumen, oil, natural minerals
Wax and bituminous rock.Hydrocarbon can be located in intracrustal matrices or adjacent thereto.Parent rock may include but be not limited to sedimentary rock, sand
Son, silicate, carbonate, diatomite and other porous medias." hydrocarbon fluid " is the fluid for including hydrocarbon.Hydrocarbon fluid may include, press from both sides
Band or be entrained in non-hydrocarbon fluids, the non-hydrocarbon fluids for example hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide,
Water and ammonia.
" stratum " includes one or more layers hydrocarbon bearing formation, one or more layers non-hydrocarbon layers, superstratum and/or underlying strata." on
Cover stratum " and/or " underlying strata " include the inhomogeneous impermeable material of one kind or more.Such as superstratum and/or under
Layer of throwing oneself on the ground may include rock, shale, mud stone or wet/tight carbonate.In situ in some embodiments of heat treating process, overlying
Stratum and/or underlying strata may include one layer of hydrocarbon bearing formation or multilayer hydrocarbon bearing formation, and the hydrocarbon bearing formation is relatively impermeable and does not pass through
Go through the temperature caused in the situ heat treatment process that hydrocarbon bearing formation significant properties changes in superstratum and/or underlying strata.
Such as underlying strata may include shale or mud stone, but do not allow to heat superstratum to the pyrolysis temperature during situ heat treatment process
Under.In some cases, superstratum and/or underlying strata can have some permeability.
" formation fluid " refers to the fluid being present in stratum, and may include pyrolyzation fluid, synthesis gas, moving fluid, subtracts
Rheid and water (steam).Formation fluid may include hydrocarbon fluid and non-hydrocarbon fluids.Term " moving fluid " refers to as at heat
Manage the fluid in the flowable hydrocarbon containing formation of result on stratum." visbroken fluid " refers to the stream that viscosity reduces due to stratum is heat-treated
Body.
" fluid produced " refers to the formation fluid removed from stratum.
" heat source " be essentially by conduction and/or radiant heat transfer provide heat at least part stratum any system.
Such as heat source may include electric heater, such as insulated electric conductor, elongate member and/or the conductor arranged in conduit.Heat source also may be used
Include by outside stratum or burning fuels inside generate heat system.The system can be surface combustion burner, downhole gas
The burner of volumetric combustion device, aphlogistic distributed combustor and NATURAL DISTRIBUTION.In some embodiments, other energy can be passed through
The heat for providing or generating in one or more heat sources is provided.Other energy can directly heat stratum, or can apply energy
Onto transfer medium, the transfer medium directly or indirectly heats stratum.It should be understood that applying the one or more of heat to stratum
The different energy can be used in heat source.Thus, for example for given stratum, certain heat sources can supply heat by resistance heater
Amount, certain heat sources can be provided heat by burning, and certain heat sources can be by (such as the chemical reaction, too of one or more other energy
Positive energy, wind energy, biological substance or other reproducible energy) heat is provided.Chemical reaction may include that exothermic reaction (such as aoxidizes
Reaction).Heat source, which may also comprise, provides heat to heating location adjacent area and/or in its peripheral region such as heater well
Heater.
" heater " is any system or heat source that heat is generated in well or in nigh well bore region.Heater can
Be but not limited to electric heater, burner, in stratum material or the burning reacted of the material that is generated from stratum
Device, and/or combination thereof.
" situ heat treatment process " refers to heating hydrocarbon containing formation with heat source the temperature of layer at least partially is increased to stream
Dynamic or visbreaking either on pyrolysis temperature so that produce the side of the fluid of flowing, visbroken fluid or pyrolyzation fluid in the earth formation
Method.
" temperature-limiting heater " typically refers to controlling such as temperature controller, power governor, rectifier without using outside
Or the heater of thermal output (such as reducing thermal output) is adjusted in the case of miscellaneous equipment on assigned temperature.Limit temperature heating
Device can be the resistance heater that AC (alternating current) or modulation (such as " copped wave ") DC (DC current) power.
Term " wellhole " refers to the hole by drilling or being inserted into the stratum that conduit is formed in stratum.Wellhole can have
Substantially circular section, or be other cross sectional shapes.Term used herein " well " and " opening " are when referring on stratum
When interior opening, it can be used interchangeably with term " wellhole ".
" u- shapes wellhole " refers to extending through at least part stratum and in the earth formation from the first opening in stratum
The wellhole of second opening pass-out.In the present context, wellhole can be only roughly the shape of " v " or " u ", it should be understood that right
For being considered as the wellhole of " u- shapes ", should " u " " leg " do not need it is parallel to each other or vertical with " bottom " of " u ".
" visbreaking " refers to the unwrapping of fluid molecule and/or macromolecular is decomposed into small molecule in heat treatment in heat treatment
Lead to the reduction of fluid viscosity.
" pyrolysis " is due to applying chemical bond rupture caused by heat.Such as pyrolysis may include by individually heating chemical combination
Object is converted to one or more other materials.Heat can be transferred on a part of stratum to cause to be pyrolyzed.
" pyrolyzation fluid " or " pyrolysis product " refers to the fluid substantially generated during pyrolysed hydrocarbon.It is anti-by being pyrolyzed
The fluid that should be generated can be mixed with other fluids in stratum.The mixture will be considered as pyrolyzation fluid or pyrolysis product.Herein
Used " pyrolysis zone " refer to reacted or reacted to be formed pyrolyzation fluid formation volume it is (such as relatively permeable
Stratum, such as tar sand formation).
" cracking " refers to including decomposition and the molecular recombination of organic compound to generate the mistake than initial larger number molecule
Journey.In cracking process, a series of reaction occurs with the transfer of hydrogen atom between molecule.Such as naphtha can pass through hot tearing
Change reaction and forms ethylene and H2。
" heat superposition " refers to providing heat from two or more heat sources to selected ground layer segment, to make between heat source extremely
The formation temperature of a few position is influenced by heat source.
" Fluid pressure " is the pressure that the fluid in stratum generates." lithostatic pressure " (sometimes referred to as " rock static stress ")
It is the pressure in stratum, is equal to the weight of unit area overlying rock substance." hydrostatic pressure " is the pressure that water column is applied to stratum
Power.
" API Gravity " refers to the API Gravity at 15.5 DEG C (60 ℉).API Gravity is true with ASTM method D6822
Fixed.
Layer " thickness " refers to the thickness of layer cross section, and wherein cross section is vertical with level.
" heavy hydrocarbon " is sticky hydrocarbon fluid.Heavy hydrocarbon may include high viscous hydrocarbon fluid, such as mink cell focus, tar and/or drip
It is green.Heavy hydrocarbon can include carbon and the hydrogen and sulphur of smaller concentration, oxygen and nitrogen.There may also be micro other members in heavy hydrocarbon
Element.Heavy hydrocarbon can be classified with API Gravity.The API Gravity of heavy hydrocarbon is usually less than about 20 °.Such as the API of mink cell focus
Degree of specific gravity ordinarily is about 10-20 °, and the API Gravity of tar is usually less than about 10 °.Viscosity of the heavy hydrocarbon at 15 DEG C is usual
Greater than about 100 centipoises.Heavy hydrocarbon can include aromatic hydrocarbons or the cyclic hydrocarbon of other complexity.
Heavy hydrocarbon can be found in relatively permeable stratum.Relatively permeable stratum may include being entrained in for example
Hydrocarbon in sand or carbonate." relatively permeable " is defined as stratum or formation average permeability for 10 millidarcies or more
(such as 10 millidarcies or 100 millidarcies) greatly." opposite hypotonicity " is defined as stratum or formation average permeability
Below about 10 millidarcies.1 darcy is equal to about 0.99 square millimeter.The permeability of impermeable barrier is generally less than about 0.1 millidarcy.
" tar " is the viscous hydrocarbon that the viscosity at 15 DEG C is generally greater than about 10000 centipoises.The proportion of tar is usually more than
1.000.The API Gravity of tar can be less than 10 °.
" tar sand formation " is wherein hydrocarbon mainly to be entrained in mineral grain framework or other host rocks (such as sand or carbonic acid
Salt) in heavy hydrocarbon and/or tar form existing for stratum.The example of tar sand formation include the stratum Athabasca,
The stratum Grosmont and the stratum Peace River (all three stratum are in Canadian Alberta) and Venezuela
The stratum Faja in the areas Orinoco.
In some cases, some or all hydrocarbon parts of opposite permeable formation can be mainly heavy hydrocarbon and/or coke
Oil, (or not having) minerals (such as pitch lake) without supporting mineral grain framework and only floating.
Certain types on the stratum containing heavy hydrocarbon can also be but not limited to natural mineral wax or bitumen." natural minerals
Wax " typically occurs in substantially tube mineral ore, can width number meter, several kilometers long and hundreds of meters deep." bitumen "
Solid hydrocarbons including aromatic composition, and typically occur in big mineral ore.From formation crude position recovery of hydrocarbons such as natural minerals
Wax and bitumen may include that melting forms liquid hydrocarbon and/or the solution mining hydrocarbon from stratum.
" upgrading " refers to improving the quality of hydrocarbon.Such as upgrading of heavy hydrocarbons can be such that the API Gravity of heavy hydrocarbon improves.
The hydrocarbon in stratum can be handled in various ways so that many different products are made.In some embodiments, in stratum
Hydrocarbon handled stage by stage.Fig. 1 describes the explanation in the stage to heating hydrocarbon containing formation.Fig. 1 is also described from stratum
Yield (" Y ") (y-axis) of the formation fluid in terms of barrels of oil equivalent/ton to by DEG C in terms of heating stratum temperature (" T ") (x-axis) example
Son.
There is the desorption of methane and the vaporization of water during the stage 1 heats.Heating stratum by the stage 1 can be as far as possible
Promptly carry out.Such as when the hydrocarbon containing formation is initially heated, the hydrocarbon in stratum desorbs adsorbed methane.It can be from stratum
Produce the methane of desorption.If hydrocarbon containing formation further heated, the water vapor in hydrocarbon containing formation.In some hydrocarbon containing formations
In, water can take up the 10-50% of the pore volume in stratum.In other stratum, water occupies the hole body of greater or lesser ratio
Product.Water is usually vaporized at 160-285 DEG C under the pressure of 600-7000kPa absolute pressures in the earth formation.In some embodiments, vapour
Wetability variation in the aquatic products Radix Rehmanniae layer of change and/or increased strata pressure.The wetability changes and/or increased pressure can
To influence the pyrolytic reaction in stratum or other reactions.In some embodiments, the water of vaporization is produced from stratum.Other
In embodiment, the water of vaporization is for the steam extraction and/or distillation in the earth formation or outside stratum.Water is discharged from stratum and
Improve the storage space that the pore volume in stratum increases hydrocarbon in pore volume.
In some embodiments, stratum is further heated after stage 1 heating, so that the temperature in stratum reaches
To (at least) initial pyrolysis temperature (such as temperature in temperature range lower end as shown in stage 2).Hydrocarbon in stratum may
It is pyrolyzed in the stage 2.Pyrolysis temperature range changes depending on the type of hydrocarbon in stratum.Pyrolysis temperature range may include 250-
900 DEG C of temperature.Pyrolysis temperature range for producing desirable product can extend through total pyrolysis temperature range only
Only a part.In some embodiments, the pyrolysis temperature range for producing desirable product may include 250-400 DEG C
Temperature or 270-350 DEG C of temperature.If the temperature of hydrocarbon is slowly raised through 250-400 DEG C of temperature in stratum, when
The production of pyrolysis product may be basically completed when temperature reaches 400 DEG C.The mean temperature of hydrocarbon can less than 5 DEG C/day, be less than 2
The pyrolysis temperature for producing desirable product is raised through under DEG C/day, the rate less than 1 DEG C/day or less than 0.5 DEG C/day
Range.Thermal gradient can be established around heat source with multiple heat sources heating hydrocarbon containing formation, slowly to increase the temperature of hydrocarbon in stratum
Pass through pyrolysis temperature range.
It may be influenced from hydrocarbon containing formation by the temperature increase rate of the pyrolysis temperature range for desirable product
The quality and quantity of the formation fluid of production.Temperature is slowly raised through can for the pyrolysis temperature range of desirable product
It can inhibit the flowing of long-chain molecule in stratum.Temperature is slowly raised through can for the pyrolysis temperature range of desirable product
The reaction for generating undesirable product between mobilized hydrocarbons can be limited.The temperature on stratum is slowly raised through for desired
Product pyrolysis temperature range can make from stratum produce high quality, high API Gravity hydrocarbon.The temperature on stratum is delayed
Slow be raised through can make for the pyrolysis temperature range of desirable product as existing for hydrocarbon product taking-up in the earth formation
A large amount of hydrocarbon.
In some situ heat treatment embodiments, a part of stratum is heated to desirable temperature rather than is slowly added
Heat makes temperature pass through temperature range.In some embodiments, desirable temperature is 300 DEG C, 325 DEG C or 350 DEG C.It can select
Other temperature are selected as desirable temperature.The superposition for carrying out the heat of self-heat power makes in the earth formation relatively quickly and efficiently
Establish desirable temperature.Energy input in can adjusting from heat source to stratum by the temperature in stratum to substantially remain in institute
At desired temperature.The stratum of heating part is substantially remained at desirable temperature until pyrolysis is reduced so that from stratum
Producing desirable formation fluid becomes uneconomical.The ground layer segment for being subjected to pyrolysis may include by only being conducted heat by a heat source
And it is brought into the region in pyrolysis temperature range.
In some embodiments, from stratum production include pyrolyzation fluid formation fluid.When formation temperature increases,
The quantity of condensable hydrocarbon may be decreased in the formation fluid of production.At high temperature, stratum may output major part methane and/or
Hydrogen.If by hydrocarbon containing formation heating by entire pyrolysis range, for the upper limit of pyrolysis range, the possible output in stratum is only
A small amount of hydrogen.After all of the available hydrogen is depleted, the fluid-withdrawal rate of the minimum number from stratum will be generally occurred within.
After pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, a large amount of carbon and some hydrogen remain present in stratum.Retain in the earth formation apparent
The carbon of ratio can be produced in the form of synthesis gas from stratum.During the stage 3 described in Fig. 1 heats, it can synthesize
Gas generates.Stage 3 may include the temperature for being heated to hydrocarbon containing formation that synthesis gas to be sufficient to make to generate.Such as it can be in about 400-
Synthesis gas is produced within the temperature range of about 1000 DEG C of about 1200 DEG C, about 1100 DEG C of about 500- or about 550-.When synthesis will be generated
When the fluid of gas introduces stratum, the temperature of the heating part on stratum determines the composition of the synthesis gas produced in the earth formation.It can be with
Generated synthesis gas is removed from stratum by producing well.
During being pyrolyzed and synthesis gas generates, the total energy content of the fluid produced from hydrocarbon containing formation can keep opposite
It is constant.During being pyrolyzed under relatively low formation temperature, hence it is evident that the fluid of ratio produced can be with high energy content
Condensable hydrocarbons.However at higher pyrolysis temperatures, less formation fluid may include condensable hydrocarbon.More can not
Condensable formation fluids can be produced from stratum.During the generation of predominantly non-condensable formation fluids, per unit volume
The energy content of the fluid produced may be reduced slightly.During synthesis gas generates, compared with the energy content of pyrolyzation fluid,
The energy content for the synthesis gas of per unit volume produced is substantially reduced.However, the volume of the synthesis gas of production is in many feelings
It will be obviously increased under condition, and thereby compensate for the energy content reduced.
Fig. 2 describes the schematic diagram of the embodiment of a part of situ heat treatment system of processing hydrocarbon containing formation.In-situ heat
Processing system may include barrier wells 200.Shielded layer is formed around processing region using barrier wells.Shielded layer inhibits fluid outflow
And/or flow into processing region.Barrier wells include but not limited to dewatering well, vacuum well, trapping well, injector well, mud well, freezing well
Or combination thereof.In some embodiments, barrier wells 200 are dewatering wells.Dewatering well can remove liquid water and/or inhibit liquid
Body water enters in a part of stratum to be heated or in the stratum heated.In the embodiment of Fig. 2 descriptions, give
Only along heat source 202 side extend barrier wells 200, but barrier wells typically surrounds used in or it is ready for use add
Whole heat sources 202 of the processing region of hot formation.
Heat source 202 is placed at least part stratum.Heat source 202 may include in heater, such as insulated electric conductor, conduit
Conductor heater, surface combustion burner, it is aphlogistic distribution/or NATURAL DISTRIBUTION burner.Heat source 202 may also comprise other types
Heater.Heat source 202 provides heat at least part stratum to heat the hydrocarbon in stratum.It can be supplied by supply line 204
Energy is to heat source 202.Supply line 204 can be different in structure, this depends on a kind of heat source or more used in heating stratum
The type of kind heat source.Supply line 204 for heat source can transport the electricity for electric heater, can transport the combustion for burner
Material, or the heat exchanging fluid recycled in stratum can be transported.
Formation fluid is removed from stratum using producing well 206.In some embodiments, producing well 206 includes heat source.
Heat source in producing well can heat one or more parts on the stratum at producing well or near it.At some in-situ heats
In logos embodiment, in terms of every meter of producing well, it is supplied to the heat in stratum from producing well and is less than in terms of every meter of heat source from adding
The heat source of hot formation is supplied to the heat on stratum.
In some embodiments, the heat source in producing well 206 allows the gas phase that formation fluid is removed from stratum.It is producing
Jing Chu or provide heat by producing well can be with：(1) when production fluid moves in the producing well near superstratum, inhibit
These production fluids condense and/or reflux, and (2) increase to the input of the heat in stratum, the producing well phase of (3) and not heat source
Than increasing the throughput rate of producing well, (4) inhibit carbon number height (C in producing well6And C6More than) compound condensation, and/or (5)
Increase producing well at or its neighbouring stratum permeability.
The subsurface pressure on stratum is equivalent to the pressure of the fluid generated in stratum.When the temperature in the heating part of stratum increases
When, increase since the fluid of generation increases the vaporization with water, the pressure of heating part also increases.Control removes fluid from stratum
Rate can allow control stratum in pressure.Can determine the pressure on stratum in many different positions, for example, it is close or
At producing well, near or at heat source or at monitoring well.
In some hydrocarbon containing formations, until at least some of stratum, hydrocarbon has been pyrolyzed, from stratum produce hydrocarbon be all by
Inhibit.When formation fluid has selected quality, can from stratum producing formation fluid.In some embodiments,
Selected quality includes that API Gravity is at least about 20 °, 30 ° or 40 °.Inhibit production until at least some of stratum hydrocarbon heat
Solution can improve heavy hydrocarbon to the conversion ratio of lighter hydrocarbons.Inhibit initial production that the heavy hydrocarbon produced from stratum can be made minimum.Largely
The production of heavy hydrocarbon may need expensive equipment and/or shorten the service life of production equipment.
After reaching pyrolysis temperature and allowing to produce from stratum, thus it is possible to vary strata pressure is to change and/or control life
The composition of the formation fluid of production, with control in formation fluid with can not compared with condensed fluid condensable fluid percentage, and/or
Control the API Gravity of produced formation fluid.Such as pressure decline may cause to produce more condensable fluid components.
Condensable fluid component can include greater percentage of alkene.
In the embodiment of some situ heat treatment process, strata pressure can keep sufficiently high, to promote API Gravity
The production of formation fluid more than 20 °.Sink in keeping increased pressure that stratum can be inhibited to be heat-treated in situ in the earth formation.
Keep increased pressure that can promote to produce gaseous fluid from stratum.Production gas phase can be allowed for conveying to be produced from stratum
The size reduction of the collecting pipe of raw fluid.Keep increased pressure that can reduce or eliminate the fluid in collecting pipe on ground
The needs of formation fluid are compressed when being transported to processing equipment.
Heating part on stratum keeps increased pressure that can surprisingly allow for producing a large amount of Quality advances and molecule
The relatively low hydrocarbon of amount.Pressure can be kept, so that the formation fluid of production has the compound of the selected carbon number of minimum or more.
Selected carbon number can be most 25, most 20, most 12 or most 8.Some high carbon number compounds can be carried secretly in the earth formation
In steam, and it can be removed from stratum together with steam.Keep increased pressure that can inhibit to press from both sides in steam in the earth formation
With high carbon number compounds and/or polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds.High carbon number compounds and/or polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds can be when considerably long
Liquid phase is kept in stratum in phase.The considerably long period can provide time enough to form low-carbon to be pyrolyzed for compound
Number compound.
The formation fluid produced by producing well 206 can be transported to by collection conduit 208 in treatment facility 210.It also can be by
202 producing formation fluid of heat source.Such as it can be by 202 production fluid of heat source, to control the pressure in the stratum adjacent with heat source.By
The fluid that heat source 202 produces can be by pipeline or pipelined to gathering line 208, or the fluid produced can pass through pipe
Road or pipeline are delivered directly in treatment facility 210.Treatment facility 210 may include the separation for processing produced formation fluid
Unit, reaction member, upgrading unit, fuel cell, turbine, storage container and/or other systems and unit.Treatment facility can
At least part hydrocarbon produced by stratum forms transport fuel.In some embodiments, transport fuel can be jet fuel
Such as JP-8.
In some embodiments, by temperature-limiting heater for heavy oil application (such as opposite permeable formation or Tar sands
The processing on stratum).Temperature-limiting heater can provide relatively low Curie temperature, so that the highest average operation temperature of heater is small
In 350 DEG C, 300 DEG C, 250 DEG C, 225 DEG C, 200 DEG C or 150 DEG C.(such as tar sand formation) in one embodiment, heating
The maximum temperature of device is less than about 250 DEG C, to inhibit the generation of alkene and the generation of other crackates.In some embodiments
In, greater than about 250 DEG C of heater maximum temperature can be used, to produce lighter hydrocarbon product.Such as the highest temperature of heater
Degree can be or less than about 500 DEG C.
Heater can heat the formation volume (close to the region of producing well) close to producing well, so that producing well neutralization is leaned on
The fluid temperature (F.T.) of the volume of nearly producing well is less than the temperature for leading to fluid degradation.Heat source can be located in producing well or close to production
Well.In some embodiments, heat source is temperature-limiting heater.In some embodiments, two or more heat sources can be
The volume provides heat.The viscosity of the crude oil in producing well or close to producing well can be reduced by carrying out the heat of self-heat power.At some
In embodiment, come self-heat power heat make in producing well or close to producing well fluid motion and/or reinforce fluid to producing well
Radial Flow.In some embodiments, reducing the viscosity of crude oil allows or strengthens heavy oil (about API Gravity is most
About 10 ° of oil) or medium specific weight oily (the about oil of about 10 ° -20 ° of API Gravity) from the gas lift of producing well.In some embodiment party
In case, in stratum oily initial API gravity degree be up to 10 °, it is 20 ° most, 25 ° or 30 ° most most.In some embodiment party
In case, oily viscosity is at least 0.05Pas (50cp) in stratum.In some embodiments, viscosity oily in stratum is at least
For 0.10Pas (100cp), at least 0.15Pas (150cp) or at least 0.20Pas (200cp).A large amount of natural gases may
Have to the gas lift for providing oil of the viscosity more than 0.05Pas.By the oil in producing well in stratum or close to producing well
It is 0.05Pas (50cp), 0.03Pas (30cp), 0.02Pas (20cp), 0.01Pas that viscosity, which is reduced to viscosity,
(10cp) or smaller (down to 0.001Pas (1cp) or lower), which reduce to rise from stratum, lifts the required amount of natural gas of oil.At some
In embodiment, visbreaking oil for example pumps production by other methods.
By improving the temperature at producing well or near producing well to reduce in the stratum in producing well or near producing well
The viscosity of oil can increase the rate that oil is produced from stratum.In some embodiments, the speed ratio of oil is produced from stratum
Stratum increases to 2 times, 3 times, 4 times or up to 20 times without the cold production of standard of outside heating when production.Due to being leaned on using heating
The reinforcing oil production of nearly production well area, specific stratum may be more economical feasible.For cold throughput rate about in 0.05m3/
(every meter of day length of hole) arrives 0.20m3Stratum between/(every meter of day length of hole), heating, which reduces, leans near well bore region
Viscosity throughput rate may be made to have great raising.In some stratum, using length be up to 775m, up to 1000m or
The up to producing well of 1500m.Such as the producing well using length between 450m to 775m, using length 550m to 800m it
Between producing well, or use producing well of the length between 650m to 900m.Therefore yield can be obtained in some stratum
Great raising.Heating can be used for cold throughput rate not in 0.05m close to production well area3/ (every meter of day length of hole) arrives
0.20m3Stratum between/(every meter of day length of hole), but it may not be economical advantages to heat this stratum.Heating
Higher cold throughput rate may not be made to have great raising close to the region of wellhole, but lower throughput rate may not
It is increased to economically useful value.
Viscosity oily at or near producing well is reduced using temperature-limiting heater, to inhibit relevant with non-temperature-limiting heater
Problem and with due to hot spot heat stratum in oil phase close the problem of.One possible problem is if since heater is in
Excessively high temperature and so that heater is excessively heated oil, non-temperature-limiting heater can lead to the oily coking at or near producing well.Production
The higher salt boiling water that may also cause in well of temperature in well, this will lead to formation scaling in well.Reach the non-of higher temperature
Other elements (such as controlling the sieve, pump or valve of sand) that temperature-limiting heater may also damage in well.Hot spot may be due to
Formation, which is expanded or collapsed on heater against heater, to be caused.In some embodiments, heater (temperature-limiting heater
Or other types of non-temperature-limiting heater) have due in very long heater apart from upper sagging relatively low section.These relatively low section
It can be located in the heavy oil or pitch of the relatively low portion collection of wellhole.At these relatively low section, due to heavy oil or asphalt coking, heating
Device is likely to form hot spot.The non-temperature-limiting heater of standard may overheat at these hot spots, therefore be generated not along the length of heater
Uniform heat.Heater can be inhibited to be overheated in hot spot or relatively low section using temperature-limiting heater, and be provided more along length of hole
Uniform heating.
In some embodiments, including fluid in the opposite permeable formation of heavy hydrocarbon in the earth formation hydrocarbon pyrolysis very
It produces less or without under conditions of.In some embodiments, including the opposite permeable formation of heavy hydrocarbon is tar sand formation.
Such as stratum can be tar sand formation, such as Canada Alberta Athabasca tar sand formations or carbonate strata,
Such as the Grosmont carbonate stratas of Canada Alberta.The fluid produced from stratum is moving fluid.From tar sandy ground
Layer production moving fluid may be more more economical than production pyrolyzation fluid.Production moving fluid can also increase to be produced from tar sand formation
Hydrocarbon total amount.
Fig. 3-6 describes the side view for the embodiment that moving fluid is produced from tar sand formation.In Fig. 3-6, add
(heater as shown in the figure is with entrance or is pierced by adding for paper for heating part of the hot device 212 in hydrocarbon layers 214 with basic horizontal
Hot part).Fig. 3 describes the side view for the embodiment that moving fluid is produced from the tar sand formation with relatively thin hydrocarbon layers.
Fig. 4 describes the embodiment of production moving fluid from thicker hydrocarbon layers (hydrocarbon layers shown in Fig. 4 are thicker than hydrocarbon layers shown in Fig. 3)
Side view.Fig. 5 describes the reality of the production moving fluid from thicker hydrocarbon layers (hydrocarbon layers shown in fig. 5 are thicker than hydrocarbon layers shown in Fig. 4)
Apply the side view of scheme.Fig. 6 is described produces moving fluid from the tar sand formation with the hydrocarbon layers with intercalated shale
The side view of embodiment.
In figure 3, heater 212 is arranged in hydrocarbon layers 214 with alternate delta pattern.In Fig. 4,5 and 6, heater
212 are arranged in hydrocarbon layers 214 with alternate delta pattern, and this mode is vertically repeated to surround most or most all hydrocarbon layers.
In figure 6, the heater 212 of alternate delta pattern repeats to pass uninterrupted through intercalated shale 216 in hydrocarbon layers 214.In Fig. 3-6
In, heater 212 can be equally spacedly separated from each other.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3-6, the vertical line number of heater 212
Expectation spacing, the thickness of hydrocarbon layers 214 and/or the number of intercalated shale 216 being such as, but not limited to depending on factor between heater
Amount and position.In some embodiments, heater 212 is arranged to other patterns.Such as heater 212 can be by pattern for example
But it is not limited to hexagonal shaped pattern, square pattern or rectangular patterns setting.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3-6, the offer of heater 212, which makes the hydrocarbon in hydrocarbon layers 214 move, (reduces the viscous of hydrocarbon
Degree) heat.In some embodiments, the heat that heater 212 provides makes the viscosity of the hydrocarbon in hydrocarbon layers 214 fall below
About 0.50Pas (500cp), it is below about 0.10Pas (100cp) or is below about 0.05Pas (50cp).Heater 212 it
Between distance and/or the thermal output of heater can design and/or control so that the viscosity of the hydrocarbon in hydrocarbon layers 214 is reduced to expectation
Value.The heat of the offer of heater 212 can be controlled, so as to seldom or be not pyrolyzed in hydrocarbon layers 214.Heat superposition between heater
One or more passing aways (such as channel of fluid flowing) between heater can be formed.In some embodiments,
Producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B is located near heater 212, so that the heat from heater is added to producing well
On.Heat from heater 212 be added on producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B formed it is one or more from heater
To the passing away of producing well.In some embodiments, one or more passing aways converge.Such as passing away can be
Or close minimum heater converges and/or passing away can converge or close to producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B.
Due to the effect of heat and barometric gradient that gravity and heater and/or producing well are established, the moving fluid in hydrocarbon layers 214 tends to
In the heater 212 minimum into hydrocarbon layers, producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B flowings.Passing away and/or the row converged
Going out channel allows producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B to collect the moving fluid in hydrocarbon layers 214.
In some embodiments, hydrocarbon layers 214 have enough permeability with allow moving fluid be discharged into producing well 206A and/
Or producing well 206B.Such as the permeability of hydrocarbon layers 214 can be at least about 0.1 darcy, at least about 1 darcy, at least about 10 darcies
Or at least about 100 darcies.In some embodiments, hydrocarbon layers 214 have relatively large vertical permeability and horizontal permeability
Ratio (KV/Kh).Such as the K of hydrocarbon layers 214V/KhRatio can between about 0.01 to about 2, between about 0.1 and about 1 or about
Between 0.3 and about 0.7.
In some embodiments, pass through the producing well 206A lifes near the heater 212 positioned at hydrocarbon layers 214 compared with lower part
Produce fluid.In some embodiments, by producing well 206B production fluids, the position of producing well 206B is less than and close to hydrocarbon layers
214 compared with the midpoint between the heater 212 in lower part.At least part of producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B can be with
It is oriented to basic horizontal in hydrocarbon layers 214 (as seen in figures 3-6, producing well has the horizontal component for entering or being pierced by paper).It is raw
Producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B can be located at close to lower heater 212 or minimum heater.
In some embodiments, the substantially vertical lower sections for being set to minimum heater in hydrocarbon layers 214 producing well 206A.It is raw
Production well 206A could be provided as less than (such as the triangle shown in Fig. 3-6 of heater 212 at heater pattern bottom apex
The bottom apex of heater pattern).The substantially vertical lower sections for being set to minimum heater producing well 206A can effectively be received
Collect the moving fluid in hydrocarbon layers 214.
In some embodiments, minimum heater to 214 bottom of hydrocarbon layers distance about 2 between about 10m, arrive hydrocarbon layers
The distance of bottom about 4 to the distance between about 8m or to hydrocarbon layers bottom about 5 between about 7m.In some embodiments
In, producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B allow the heat from heater to be added to life with a distance from minimum heater 212
It produces on well, but inhibits the coking at producing well again with a distance from heater.Producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B with it is nearest
The distance between heater (such as minimum heater) up to heater pattern (such as the triangle of heater shown in Fig. 3-6
Shape pattern) in heater between distance 3/4.In some embodiments, producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B are from most
The distance of close heater be heater pattern in heater between distance most 2/3, most 1/2 or most 1/3.One
In a little embodiments, producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B from minimum heater about 2 between about 10m, from minimum heater
About 4 between about 8m or from minimum heater about 5 between about 7m.Producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B is to hydrocarbon layers
The distance of 214 bottoms about 0.5 to the distance between about 8m, to hydrocarbon layers bottom about 1 between about 5m or arrive hydrocarbon layers bottom
Distance about 2 between about 4m.
In some embodiments, at least some producing wells 206A is substantially vertical is disposed in proximity to adding for intercalated shale 216
The lower section of hot device 212, as shown in Figure 6.Producing well 206A can be existed between heater 212 and intercalated shale 216 with production
Flowing and the fluid collected above intercalated shale.Intercalated shale 216 may be shielding impermeable in hydrocarbon layers 214.At some
In embodiment, the thickness of intercalated shale 216 about 1 between about 6m, about 2 between about 5m or about 3 to about 4m it
Between.As shown in fig. 6, the producing well 206A between heater 212 and intercalated shale 216 (can be pressed from both sides from 214 top of hydrocarbon layers in shale
Layer top) the producing well 206A below minimum heater in production fluid and hydrocarbon layers can be from hydrocarbon layers lower part (in intercalated shale
Lower section) production fluid.In some embodiments, there may be two or more intercalated shales in hydrocarbon layers.In this implementation
In scheme, producing well is arranged at or near each intercalated shale, to produce the fluid for flowing and collecting above intercalated shale.
In some embodiments, when intercalated shale is heated by the heater 212 of intercalated shale either side, intercalated shale
216 ruptures (desiccation).Since intercalated shale 216 ruptures, the permeability of intercalated shale increases and intercalated shale allows fluid stream
Cross intercalated shale.Once fluid can flow through intercalated shale 216, the producing well above intercalated shale may just not for production
It needs, because fluid can flow to 214 bottom of hydrocarbon layers or neighbouring producing well and produce there.
In some embodiments, the minimum heater above intercalated shale 216 to the distance of intercalated shale in about 2m
Distance of the distance between about 4m and about 8m or to intercalated shale between about 10m, to intercalated shale is in about 5m and about 7m
Between.The distance of producing well 206A to the minimum heater of 216 top of intercalated shale is pressed from both sides between about 2m and about 10m, to shale
Distance of the distance of the minimum heater of layer top between about 4m and about 8m or to the minimum heater above intercalated shale
Between about 5m and about 7m.Producing well 206A to intercalated shale 216 distance between about 0.5m and about 8m, arrive intercalated shale
Distance of the distance between about 1m and about 5m or to intercalated shale is between about 2m and about 4m.
In some embodiments, heat is provided in producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B, as seen in figures 3-6.
Heat is provided in producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B can keep and/or improve motility of the fluid in producing well.
The heat provided in producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B can be superimposed with the heat from heater 212, be formed from heating
Flow channel of the device to producing well.In some embodiments, producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B includes pump, will be flowed
Body is moved out to surface of stratum.In some embodiments, using heater and/or injection diluent (such as using in producing well
Conduit penetrate diluent to inject), so that the viscosity of the fluid (oil) in producing well 206A and/or producing well 206B is reduced.
In some embodiments, other than situ heat treatment process, driving method (such as the steaming of such as cyclic steam injection
Vapour injection method, solvent injection method or carbon dioxide injection method) for handling tar sand formation.In some embodiments, it heats
Device is for being that driving method forms high osmosis area (or injection zone) in the earth formation.Heater can be used for forming movement in the earth formation
Geometry or production network, to allow fluid to flow through stratum during driving method.For example, heater can be used in heater
Between producing well passing away is formed for driving method.In some embodiments, heater during driving method for providing
Heat.The heat that heater provides is likely less than the heat input (such as the heat input injected from steam) of driving method.
In some embodiments, driving method (such as steam injection method) before heat treating process in situ for making fluid transport
It is dynamic.Steam injection may be used to the rock in the separate stratum of hydrocarbon (oil) or other layers.Steam injection can be such that oil moves, and
Do not heat rock.
In some embodiments, driving method is used to that hydrocarbon to be handled and produced from stratum.Driving method can be from formation crude
Position produces a small amount of oil (being, for example, less than the recovery ratio of 20% slave formation crude position extraction oil).Situ heat treatment process can be used
Increase the recovery ratio from formation crude position extraction oil after driving method.In some embodiments, driving method is in-situ heat
The pre- hot formation of facture.In some embodiments, after stratum has used driving method to handle, stratum situ heat treatment process
Processing is for quite a long time (such as after driving method, using situ heat treatment process 1 year, 2 years or 3 years).
Embodiment
Illustrate the non-limiting embodiment for heating tar sand formation below.
STARS simulations (Computer Model l ing Group, LTD., Calgary, Alberta, Canada) are used for
Simulation heats tar sand formation using heater well pattern shown in Fig. 3.In tar sand formation, heater has the water of 600m
Flat length.The rate of heat addition of heater is about 750W/m.Producing well 206B shown in Fig. 3 is used as the producing well in simulation.It is horizontal
The bottom pressure of producing well maintains about 690kPa.The property of tar sand formation is based on Athabasca Tar sands.Tar sand formation
The input property of simulation includes：Initial porosity=0.28；Initial oil saturation=0.8；Initial water saturation=0.2；It is initial free
Gas saturation=0.0；The millidarcy of initial perpendicular permeability=250；The millidarcy of initial level permeability=500；Initial Kv/Kh=
0.5；Hydrocarbon layers thickness=28m；Hydrocarbon layers depth=587m；Initial reservoir pressure=3771kPa；Producing well and hydrocarbon layers are compared with lower boundary
Distance=2.5m；Distance=9m of highest heater and superstratum；The distance between heater=9.5m；Initial hydrocarbon layers temperature
=18.6 DEG C；Viscosity=53Pas (53000cp) under initial temperature；And gas-oil ratio (GOR)=50 standard in tar is vertical
Super superficial/standard drum.Heater is the heater that wattage is constant, and the maximum temperature on sand surface is 538 DEG C and heater
Power is 755W/m.The a diameter of 15.2cm of heater well.
Fig. 7 describes the temperature profile in stratum behind 360 days simulated with STARS.Hottest point is located near or at heating
Device 212.Temperature profile shows that the temperature of the ground layer segment between heater is higher than other ground layer segment.These hotter parts
More motilities are formed between heater, and form the flow channel that fluid is discharged downwards towards producing well in the earth formation.
Fig. 8 describes the oil saturation sectional view in stratum behind 360 days simulated with STARS.The scale of the oil saturation of display
Between 0.00 to oil is saturated as the 1.00 of 100%.Oily saturation scale is shown on side slat.In 360 days, oil saturation some
It is relatively low at heater 880 and producing well 206B.Fig. 9 describes the oil saturation section in stratum behind 1095 days simulated with STARS
Figure.After 1095 days, the oil saturation in stratum declines comprehensively, and oil saturation of the heater nearby between heater declines more.
Figure 10 describes the oil saturation sectional view in stratum behind 1470 days simulated with STARS.Oil saturation sectional view in Figure 10 is shown
Oil is movement and is flowed towards stratum compared with lower part.Figure 11 describes the oil saturation in stratum behind 1826 days simulated with STARS
Sectional view.Most of stratum oil saturation it is all relatively low, and the lower sections of stratum bottoms producing well 206B or its nearby have
Some higher oil saturations.It is raw from stratum after 1826 days that oil saturation sectional view describes most of oil in stratum
Output.
Figure 12 describes the temperature profile in stratum behind 1826 days simulated with STARS.Temperature profile show in addition to
Except at heater 212 and at stratum extreme portion (corner), the temperature profile in stratum is relatively uniform.Temperature profile is aobvious
Show and forms flow channel between heater and producing well 206B.
Figure 13 describes the gentle 220 (ft of throughput rate of oily throughput rate 218 (bucket/day) (left axle)3/ day) (right axle) and when
Between (year) relationship.The oily gentle output figure line of output shows in production early stage (0-1.5) production oil, only a small amount of
Gas generation.The heavier movement oil not being pyrolyzed is most likely to be in the oil of this period production.After about 1.5 years, gas production
Amount is increased sharply and oily output falls sharply.Gas throughput rate was quickly reduced at about 2 years.Then oily output is slowly increased, Zhi Dao
Nearby reach maximum output within about 3.75.Then since the oil consumption in stratum is most, oily output slowly declines.
It is simulated according to STARS, calculated energy output (the gentle energy content of oil of production) and energy after about 5 years
The ratio of amount input (the heater input in stratum) is about 12 to 1.After about 5 years, calculated oil overall recovery efficiency hundred in situ
It is about 60% to divide ratio.Therefore, using the embodiment of heater shown in Fig. 3 and producing well pattern oil is produced from tar sand formation
It can obtain high oil recovery and the output of high energy and energy input ratio.
Based on this specification, other of various aspects of the present invention are improved with alternate embodiment to those skilled in the art
For may be apparent.Therefore, this specification will be counted as being merely illustrative, its object is to instruct art technology
Personnel implement the general fashion of the present invention.It should be understood that the form of the present invention for being presented herein and describing will be counted as currently preferably
Embodiment.Some elements and material can replace those of described herein and explanation, some components and technique that can run
Certain features with the present invention can be used alone, all these after benefiting from description of the invention, to this field skill
It is apparent for art personnel.It can be changed in the element being described herein, it is subsequent without departing from being described in
The spirit and scope of the present invention in claim.In addition, it will be appreciated that in some embodiments can will be described herein
Feature independently combines.
Claims (26)
1. a kind of system of processing tar sand formation, including：
Multiple heaters in stratum, wherein heater include at least partly level being at least partially disposed in the hydrocarbon layers of stratum
Heating part, the heating part is at least partly arranged in patterns in hydrocarbon layers, and heater is set as providing to hydrocarbon layers
Heat, the heat provided are formed in the earth formation for driving the high osmosis injection zone of method and generating multiple discharges of moving fluid
Channel, at least two in passing away converge, wherein establishing thermal gradient around heater with multiple heater heat hydrocarbon layers
Slowly to increase the temperature of hydrocarbon in stratum by pyrolysis temperature range and/or by a part of stratum is heated to desirable temperature
It is not slowly to heat up；
Injector well is used for into stratum for driving the high osmosis injection zone of method to inject driving fluid, for hot in situ
So that fluid is flowed before facture, make hydrocarbon ils far from the rock in stratum, the driving method is steam injection method, solvent injection method
Or carbon dioxide injection method；With
Producing well is set as the passing away converged from hydrocarbon layers and collects and produce moving fluid, wherein by controlling from hydrocarbon
The rate of fluid is removed in layer to control the pressure in stratum, and the heating part of hydrocarbon layers is thus made to keep under increased pressure；
The oil and the stratum that slave formation crude position of the oil mass less than 20% that wherein driving method is produced from formation crude position produces
Situ heat treatment process treatment is used after being handled with driving method.
2. the system of claim 1, wherein the heat from heater is set as the producing well that is at least partly added to, to be formed extremely
Some few moving fluids flow to the channel of producing well.
3. the system of claims 1 or 2, wherein producing well are arranged so that at least some formation fluids are arranged to producing well.
It is provided 4. the system of claims 1 or 2, wherein producing well include at least partly stratum around producing well and producing well
The heater of heat.
5. the system of claims 1 or 2, wherein producing well are set as producing at least some pyrolyzation fluids from stratum.
6. the system of claims 1 or 2, system further includes the pump for being used for removing fluid in producing well from stratum.
7. the system of claims 1 or 2, wherein heater are elongated heaters.
8. the system of claims 1 or 2, wherein the pattern includes the distance between heating part, the heating part in pattern
It is equal.
9. the system of claims 1 or 2, wherein the pattern is the triangle pattern of heating part.
10. the system of claims 1 or 2, wherein the driving method be steam injection method and the system also includes be set as to
Stratum provides the vapour source of steam.
11. the pattern of the system of claims 1 or 2, wherein heating part includes towards the vertex of hydrocarbon layers bottom alignment.
12. the system of claim 11, wherein producing well are disposed proximate to or less than towards the vertex of hydrocarbon layers bottom alignment.
13. the system of claims 1 or 2, wherein producing well are arranged so that the heat from least one heater extremely
Hydrocarbon layers of the small part close to producing well.
14. the system of claims 1 or 2, wherein producing well are set as with a distance from nearest heater as heater in pattern
Between distance most 2/3And/or producing well is set as from nearest heater 2 between 10m.
15. the system of claim 14, wherein producing well be set as with a distance from nearest heater for heater in pattern it
Between distance most 1/2And/or producing well is set as from nearest heater 4 between 8m.
16. the system of claim 15, wherein producing well be set as with a distance from nearest heater for heater in pattern it
Between distance most 1/3And/or producing well is set as from nearest heater 5 between 7m.
17. a kind of method that system using any one of claim 1-16 handles tar sand formation, the method includes：
Heat is provided from least partly hydrocarbon layers of the multiple heaters in stratum into stratum, the heat provided is in the earth formation
It forms the high osmosis injection zone for driving method and generates multiple passing aways of moving fluid between heater, discharge is logical
At least two in road converge, wherein establishing thermal gradient around heater with multiple heater heat hydrocarbon layers slowly to increase ground
The temperature of hydrocarbon is heated to desirable temperature by pyrolysis temperature range and/or by a part of stratum rather than slowly rises in layer
Temperature；
By driving method to handle stratum, wherein being used into stratum for driving the high osmosis injection zone of method to inject driving fluid
Make fluid motion before the heat treating process in situ, make hydrocarbon ils far from the rock in stratum, the driving method be steam injection method,
Solvent injection method or carbon dioxide injection method；
At least some moving fluids are allowed to be flowed in producing well from stratum along passing away and/or the passing away converged；With
At least some moving fluids are produced by producing well, wherein controlling ground by controlling the rate of the removal fluid from hydrocarbon layers
Thus pressure in layer makes the heating part of hydrocarbon layers keep under increased pressure；
The oil and the stratum that slave formation crude position of the oil mass less than 20% that wherein driving method is produced from formation crude position produces
Situ heat treatment process treatment is used after being handled with driving method.
18. the method for claim 17, wherein producing well are set below the vertex towards hydrocarbon layers bottom alignment.
19. the method for claim 17 or 18 further includes providing heat from heater to hydrocarbon layers, so that heat is at least partly superimposed
To producing well, to form the channel that at least some moving fluids flow to producing well.
20. the method for claim 17 or 18 further includes allowing the fluid in hydrocarbon layers logical along passing away and/or the discharge converged
Road is discharged in producing well.
Further include that heat is provided in producing well with to around producing well and producing well 21. the method for claim 17 or 18
At least partly stratum provides heat.
22. the method for claim 17 or 18 further includes producing at least some pyrolyzation fluids from stratum.
23. the method for claim 17 or 18 further includes pumping fluid to surface of stratum.
24. the method for claim 17 or 18, wherein the driving method is steam injection method and the method further includes to stratum
Steam is provided.
25. including the system using any one of claim 1-16 or the method using any one of claim 17-24
The composition of the hydrocarbon of production.
26. transporting fuel made of the composition of claim 25.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US72976305P | 2005-10-24 | 2005-10-24 | |
| US60/729,763 | 2005-10-24 | ||
| US79429806P | 2006-04-21 | 2006-04-21 | |
| US60/794,298 | 2006-04-21 | ||
| CNA2006800442034A CN101316984A (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Systems and methods for producing hydrocarbons from tar sands with heat created drainage paths |
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| CNA2006800442034A Division CN101316984A (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Systems and methods for producing hydrocarbons from tar sands with heat created drainage paths |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104763396A CN104763396A (en) | 2015-07-08 |
| CN104763396B true CN104763396B (en) | 2018-08-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNA2006800442034A Pending CN101316984A (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Systems and methods for producing hydrocarbons from tar sands with heat created drainage paths |
| CNA2006800395616A Pending CN101297021A (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Methods of cracking a crude product to produce additional crude products |
| CN201510064077.XA Active CN104763396B (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | The system and method that the passing away generated using heat produces hydrocarbon from Tar sands |
| CNA2006800441440A Pending CN101316913A (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Methods of producing alkylated hydrocarbons from a liquid produced from an in situ heat treatment |
| CN2006800432738A Expired - Fee Related CN101313126B (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Solution mining systems and methods for treating hydrocarbon containing formations |
| CN2006800394933A Expired - Fee Related CN101297096B (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | System and method for heating hydrocarbon containing formation and method for installing system in formation opening |
| CN2006800441544A Expired - Fee Related CN101316983B (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Methods of filtering a liquid stream produced from an in situ heat treatment process |
| CN2006800447682A Active CN101316982B (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Cogeneration systems and processes for treating hydrocarbon containing formations |
| CN200680044224.6A Expired - Fee Related CN101316916B (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Hydrotreated liquid logistics is to remove the method for clogging compounds |
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| CNA2006800442034A Pending CN101316984A (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Systems and methods for producing hydrocarbons from tar sands with heat created drainage paths |
| CNA2006800395616A Pending CN101297021A (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Methods of cracking a crude product to produce additional crude products |
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| CNA2006800441440A Pending CN101316913A (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Methods of producing alkylated hydrocarbons from a liquid produced from an in situ heat treatment |
| CN2006800432738A Expired - Fee Related CN101313126B (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Solution mining systems and methods for treating hydrocarbon containing formations |
| CN2006800394933A Expired - Fee Related CN101297096B (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | System and method for heating hydrocarbon containing formation and method for installing system in formation opening |
| CN2006800441544A Expired - Fee Related CN101316983B (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Methods of filtering a liquid stream produced from an in situ heat treatment process |
| CN2006800447682A Active CN101316982B (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Cogeneration systems and processes for treating hydrocarbon containing formations |
| CN200680044224.6A Expired - Fee Related CN101316916B (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2006-10-20 | Hydrotreated liquid logistics is to remove the method for clogging compounds |
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| CN (9) | CN101316984A (en) |
| ZA (9) | ZA200802758B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101316984A (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2008-12-03 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Systems and methods for producing hydrocarbons from tar sands with heat created drainage paths |
| SG11201807110RA (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2018-09-27 | Mawetal Llc | Polished turbine fuel |
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| US20020040778A1 (en) * | 2000-04-24 | 2002-04-11 | Wellington Scott Lee | In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation with a selected hydrogen content |
| CN1507529A (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2004-06-23 | ���ʿ����о�����˾ | Electrical well heating system and method |
| CN101297096A (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2008-10-29 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Temperature limited heater with a conduit substantially electrically isolated from the formation |
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- 2006-10-20 CN CNA2006800442034A patent/CN101316984A/en active Pending
- 2006-10-20 CN CNA2006800395616A patent/CN101297021A/en active Pending
- 2006-10-20 CN CN201510064077.XA patent/CN104763396B/en active Active
- 2006-10-20 CN CNA2006800441440A patent/CN101316913A/en active Pending
- 2006-10-20 CN CN2006800432738A patent/CN101313126B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-20 CN CN2006800394933A patent/CN101297096B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-20 CN CN2006800441544A patent/CN101316983B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US20020040778A1 (en) * | 2000-04-24 | 2002-04-11 | Wellington Scott Lee | In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation with a selected hydrogen content |
| CN1436274A (en) * | 2000-04-24 | 2003-08-13 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Method and system for treating hydrocarbon contg. formation |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101316983A (en) | 2008-12-03 |
| CN101297021A (en) | 2008-10-29 |
| CN101316984A (en) | 2008-12-03 |
| CN101297096A (en) | 2008-10-29 |
| CN101316982A (en) | 2008-12-03 |
| CN101316913A (en) | 2008-12-03 |
| CN104763396A (en) | 2015-07-08 |
| ZA200803161B (en) | 2009-02-25 |
| ZA200803158B (en) | 2009-04-29 |
| CN101297096B (en) | 2013-06-19 |
| ZA200802850B (en) | 2008-12-31 |
| CN101316916A (en) | 2008-12-03 |
| ZA200803322B (en) | 2009-02-25 |
| CN101316983B (en) | 2012-11-28 |
| CN101313126A (en) | 2008-11-26 |
| ZA200803160B (en) | 2009-01-28 |
| CN101316982B (en) | 2012-06-20 |
| ZA200802759B (en) | 2009-02-25 |
| CN101316916B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| CN101313126B (en) | 2013-01-16 |
| ZA200802758B (en) | 2009-01-28 |
| ZA200803321B (en) | 2009-02-25 |
| ZA200803159B (en) | 2009-04-29 |
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