CN104762216B - 一种抗盐胁迫真菌菌株及选育方法和其应用 - Google Patents
一种抗盐胁迫真菌菌株及选育方法和其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及微生物学、植物学、发酵工程等领域,公开了一种抗盐胁迫真菌菌株及选育方法和其应用,菌株保藏编号为CCTCC No.M2014462,分类命名为Arthrinium sp NX002;该菌株从盐生植物毕氏海蓬子的根部分离培养而得,该菌株的次级代谢产物包括赤霉素、长蠕孢醇和蠕孢酸。本发明提供了鉴定的菌株培养物的rDNA序列。本发明还提供了该菌株的生产培养基和培养条件,以及该菌株应用方法。本发明生产的抗胁迫内生真菌,生产成本低廉、易于大规模发酵,可广泛用于植物抗盐胁迫应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物学、植物学、发酵工程等领域,具体涉及一种抗盐胁迫真菌菌株及选育和其应用的方法。本发明选育的真菌及其产物主要应用于植物抗逆、生态修复及生物催化等领域。
背景技术
盐生植物是一种逆境植物,它们生活在被盐碱化的土壤中。已有大量报道内生真菌改善植物耐盐作用。Frank等发现从印度沙漠分离到一株真菌Piriformospora indica 侵染植物根系后能显著提高单子叶植物耐盐水平和产量(PNAS,2005, 13386–13391);Helmut等进一步发现植物侵染Piriformospora indica后耐盐作用改善与抗氧化酶活力(DHAR、CAT、MDHAR、GR、APX.和MDHAR)增强有关(New Phytologist,2008,501–510);内生真菌Neotyphodium spp.侵染植物Festuca pratensis 能显著改善后者盐碱耐受能力(J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2010, 173, 952–957),揭示内生真菌参与盐碱环境植物的耐盐作用。Abdul等从植物Cucumis sativus根部分离内生真菌Exophiala sp能产生赤霉素GA1,GA3, GA4 、GA7等九种成分,从而改善其对胁迫抗性(Physiologia Plantarum,2011,329–343.)。内生真菌的分离培养是菌种鉴定和进一步转染的基础。目前已经进行了多种内生真菌的体外培养,许多新的特性为人们所认识。例如,顶孢霉属的种类在体外培养基上可以产生分生孢子,这就为其种属鉴定提供了依据。另外,内生真菌体外培养所需的基本培养基以及特殊的营养需求也有报道。
在认识内生真菌作用的基础上,用内生真菌人工侵染植物是今后对其利用的有效手段。Latch和Christensen用5种内生真菌进行了人工侵染实验,发现在幼苗期侵染能够实现,而成熟植株的侵染没有成功。Johnson等用愈伤组织培养的方法也进行了侵染实验,发现有17%的再生植株被感染。内生真菌与植物之间共生关系研究方面已成为热点,但研究大多局限于生物学现象方面,更多有价值抗盐内生真菌有待发现,同时用于生产应用的抗盐胁迫真菌生产和应用方法未见报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于,提出一种抗盐胁迫真菌菌株及选育方法和其应用,该菌株属植物内生真菌,侵染植物不引起植物病害,同时产生的代谢产物可以提高植物抗盐胁迫能力。并通过固体发酵生产方法大量生产可以应用的内生真菌用于植物侵染,提高抗盐胁迫能力。
一种抗盐胁迫真菌菌株及选育方法和其应用分为3项发明创造,每一项发明创造都具有相同的特定技术特征:抗盐胁迫的Arthrinium sp NX002真菌菌株,解决了在高盐环境下植物的良性生长和抗胁迫能力的技术问题,属于一个总的发明构思,可以作为一件申请提出。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种抗盐胁迫真菌菌株,其为节孢霉属,保藏编号为CCTCC No.M2014462,分类命名为Arthrinium sp NX002。
进一步地,该菌株从盐生植物毕氏海蓬子的根部分离培养而得,该菌株的次级代谢产物包括赤霉素GA、长蠕孢醇helminthosporol和蠕孢酸helminthosporal acid。
一种抗盐胁迫真菌菌株的选育方法,其特征是,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)取盐生植物根部,用1% Tween80和5%H2O2分别浸泡处理5min,经无菌洗涤,无菌研磨后加入液体种子培养基中富集培养1d后,将经过富集培养后的菌液稀释到10-4,取稀释液,在初筛培养基上涂平板,其中液体种子培养基加80ppm 链霉素;
(b)培养4-7d后,用接种针挑出同一平板上不同形态的真菌菌落,再转接到平板上进行单菌落分离,最终得到多株菌;
(c)将每株菌分别接种于液体种子培养基中,在28℃恒温培养箱中培养7d;收集菌丝体发酵液,冷冻离心分离得到菌丝体和纯发酵液并保存;发酵液冻干处理,然后用无菌水溶解,记作CF,用于抗盐胁迫菌株筛选。
(d)选择健康、有活力的普通植物种子,消毒并洗涤后将种子放置在植物种子培养基,在人工培养箱中使其萌发,发芽至三叶一心;将10μL CF加入萌发种子作为试验组,以不加CF的萌发种子组作为对照组,培育2周后,测定叶片长度、鲜重和干重,筛选得到Arthrinium sp NX002。
进一步地,上述步骤(a)和步骤(c)中,所述液体种子培养基的组成为:NaNO3 2 g、K2HPO4 1 g、KCl 0.5 g、MgSO4 0.5 g、FeSO4 0.01 g、蔗糖30 g、酵母膏1 g,加水溶解至1000ml、分装、灭菌后备用。
进一步地,上述步骤(a)中,所述初筛培养基的制备步骤为:去皮马铃薯200 g切碎成丁后加水煮沸30 min,滤去残渣,滤液加水补足至1000 ml;加入15-20 g 琼脂加热溶化后再加20 g葡萄糖溶解、分装、灭菌后形成初筛固体培养基;或者不加琼脂,其余步骤与初筛固体培养基的制备相同,形成初筛液体培养基PDB。
上述步骤(d)中,所述植物种子培养基的组成为:含30mM NaCl的灭菌沙土。
所述的普通植物种子包括菠菜种子或青麻叶白菜种子。
一种抗盐胁迫真菌菌株的应用方法,其特征是,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)真菌培养
将Arthrinium sp NX002接种于斜面初筛培养基,27℃培养2d后转接液体种子培养基,27℃条件下培养 5d 得到发酵液;
(2)抗盐胁迫真菌的处理和代谢产物测定
将发酵液冷冻离心后,收集菌丝体接种于固体培养基,在27℃下培养40d,将发酵产物冷冻干燥、粉碎,1mL无菌水溶10ug发酵产物,得到含Arthrinium sp NX002的产品,用于反接于萌发植物;
固体发酵产物通过乙酸乙酯浸提、经HPLC分离得到长蠕孢醇和蠕孢酸。
(3)植物与内生真菌互作和抗胁迫作用
取15mg Arthrinium sp NX002菌株接种到萌发植物中,在中度盐胁迫的30mMNaCl培养基培养下,使植物生长。
进一步地,在步骤(1)中,所述的斜面初筛培养基的制备步骤为:去皮马铃薯200 g切碎成丁后加水煮沸30 min,滤去残渣,滤液加水补足至1000 ml;加入15-20 g 琼脂加热溶化后再加20 g葡萄糖溶解、分装、灭菌后形成初筛固体培养基;或者不加琼脂,其余步骤与初筛固体培养基的制备相同,形成液体培养基PDB;
所述的液体种子培养基的组成为:NaNO3 2 g、K2HPO4 1 g、KCl 0.5 g、MgSO4 0.5g、FeSO4 0.01 g、蔗糖30 g、酵母膏1 g,加水溶解至1000 ml、分装、灭菌后备用;
所述的固体培养基的组成为:麸皮,15 g; KH2PO4,2 g;MgSO4,0.5 g;蒸馏水10mL,pH 6.0~6.5。
所述的萌发植物通过选择健康、有活力的普通植物种子,消毒并洗涤后将种子放置在植物种子培养基,在人工培养箱中使其萌发至三叶一心的方法而得到。所述的普通植物种子包括菠菜种子或青麻叶白菜种子等。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明所筛选到的Arthrinium sp NX002属于植物内生真菌,侵染植物不产生病害,促进植物生长,提高其抗盐胁迫功能。该真菌适用于大规模固体发酵,发酵过程中产生植物代谢激素,即赤霉素GA;
(2)从本发明Arthrinium sp NX002提取的长蠕孢醇可达到0.5mg/kg,与报道菌株相比,具有更高的产量;在植物幼苗中加入Arthrinium sp NX002,在30mM NaCl胁迫下,能明显改善植物生长状况,显示了良好的抗胁迫能力,在植物抗盐胁迫和耐干旱等领域具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为Arthrinium sp NX002菌株添加到盐胁迫菠菜中生长情况对比图;
图2 为Arthrinium sp NX002菌株添加到盐胁迫白菜天津青麻叶中生长情况图;
图3 Arthrinium sp NX002代谢产物结构式helminthosporol和helminthosporalacid;
图4为helminthosporol 1H NMR图;
图5为helminthosporal acid 1H NMR图;
图6为NaCl和Arthrinium sp NX002处理对菠菜鲜重的影响图;
图7为NaCl和Arthrinium sp NX002处理对菠菜叶绿素和蛋白质含量的影响图;
序列表为Arthrinium sp NX002菌株的ITS rDNA序列鉴定结果。
生物材料样品保藏:
Arthrinium sp NX002已保藏于中国武汉大学“中国典型培养物保藏中心”,即CCTCC,保藏地址:湖北省武汉市武昌珞珈山,保藏编号为M2014462,保藏日期为 2014年 10月9日。
具体实施方式
为进一步揭示本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图详细说明本发明的实施方式:
本发明中所用培养基为:
液体种子培养基的组成为:NaNO3 2 g、K2HPO4 1 g、KCl 0.5 g、MgSO4 0.5 g、FeSO40.01 g、蔗糖30 g、酵母膏1 g,加水溶解至1000 ml、分装、121℃灭菌20 min后备用。
初筛培养基的组成为:去皮马铃薯(200 g)切碎成丁后加水煮沸30 min,以纱布滤去残渣,滤液加水补足至1000 ml;加入15-20 g 琼脂加热溶化后再加20 g葡萄糖溶解、分装、121℃灭菌20 min后备用。不加琼脂者为相应液体培养基(PDB)。
固体培养基:麸皮,15 g; KH2PO4,2 g;MgSO4,0.5 g;蒸馏水10 mL,pH 6.0~6.5。
实施例1
Arthrinium sp NX002的筛选过程:
取高等盐生植物毕氏海蓬子的根部,用1% Tween80,5%H2O2分别处理5min,无菌水洗涤,无菌研磨加入液体种子培养基(加80ppm 链霉素)中富集培养1d后,将经过富集培养后的菌液稀释到10-4,取稀释液,在初筛培养基上涂平板培养;培养4-7d后,用接种针挑出同一平板上不同形态的真菌菌落,再转接到平板上进行单菌落分离,最终得到多株菌;将每株菌分别接种于液体种子培养基中,在28℃恒温培养箱中培养7d。收集丝体发酵液,4℃,5000g 离心15min。菌丝体和50ml纯发酵液立即保存-70℃。菌丝体用于菌株鉴定(ITS rDNA测序),发酵液用于检测GA。发酵液冻干处理,然后用1mL 无菌水溶解,用于抗盐胁迫筛选。选择健康、有活力的菠菜种子,在70%乙醇中消毒5min,用无菌水洗涤3遍,将种子放置菠菜种子培养基,在人工培养箱中使其萌发,发芽至三叶一心。将10uL CF内生真菌加入萌发种子作为试验组,不加内生真菌萌发种子组作为对照组,培育2周后,测定叶片长度、鲜重和干重,用于真菌筛选。选出在盐胁迫下生长状况良好植物,将其添加真菌命名为Arthrinium sp NX002。图1为Arthrinium sp NX002菌株添加到盐胁迫菠菜中生长情况;图2 为Arthrinium sp NX002菌株添加到盐胁迫白菜天津青麻叶中生长情况。
实施例2
Arthrinium sp NX002生产并应用到植物抗盐胁迫的方法:
(1)真菌培养
将Arthrinium sp NX002接种于斜面初筛培养基,27℃培养2d后转接液体种子培养基,27℃条件下培养 5d ;
(2)抗盐胁迫真菌的处理和代谢产物测定
将发酵液以5000g的转速冷冻离心15min,收集菌丝体,接种于固体培养基(其为一种发酵培养基),在27℃下培养40d,将发酵产物冷冻干燥,粉碎,1mL 无菌水溶10ug ,得到抗盐胁迫真菌产品NX002,用于反接于植物;所述的固体培养基的组成为:麸皮,15 g;KH2PO4,2 g;MgSO4,0.5 g;蒸馏水10 mL,pH 6.0~6.5。
固体发酵产物通过乙酸乙酯浸提,HPLC分离可以得到长蠕孢醇helminthosporol和蠕孢酸helminthosporal acid(图3-5)。
(3)植物与内生真菌互相作用和抗胁迫作用
取15mg内生真菌Arthrinium sp NX002接种到萌发植物中,在中度盐胁迫30mMNaCl培养下,植物可良好生长(图6-7)。
实施例3
从Arthrinium sp NX002菌株中提取的次级代谢产物:
(1)Arthrinium sp NX002在固体培养基发酵
将发酵液以5000g的转速冷冻离心15min,收集菌丝体,接种于固体培养基,在27℃下培养40d,将发酵产物冷冻干燥,粉碎,1mL 无菌水溶10ug ,得到抗盐胁迫真菌产品NX002;
(2)Arthrinium sp NX002分离
Arthrinium sp NX002固体发酵产物用乙酸乙酯萃取5次,用旋转蒸发仪将乙酸乙酯萃取相减压蒸馏浓缩并旋干得到粗浸膏,浸膏尽量用少量的甲醇(准确称量体积)加热回流溶解,按体积比85:15(甲醇:水)滴加蒸馏水,搅匀,于-20℃冰箱放置过夜,抽滤去除蜡脂和油类滤液减压蒸馏得浸膏。除蜡之后得到浸膏9.8g。将浸膏用硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱和ODS反相柱层析,以及高效液相反复分离纯化,得到长蠕孢醇helminthosporol0.5mg/g(即每g浸膏中含0.5mg长蠕孢醇,以下同)和蠕孢酸helminthosporal acid0.01mg/g。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化、均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种抗盐胁迫真菌菌株,其为节孢霉属,保藏编号为CCTCC No.M2014462,分类命名为Arthrinium sp NX002;该菌株的次级代谢产物包括赤霉素、长蠕孢醇和蠕孢酸。
2.一种抗盐胁迫真菌菌株的应用方法,其特征是,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)真菌培养
将Arthrinium sp NX002接种于斜面初筛培养基,27℃培养2d后转接液体种子培养基,27℃条件下培养 5d 得到发酵液;在步骤(1)中,所述的斜面初筛培养基的制备步骤为:去皮马铃薯200 g切碎成丁后加水煮沸30 min,滤去残渣,滤液加水补足至1000 ml;加入15-20 g 琼脂加热溶化后再加20 g葡萄糖溶解、分装、灭菌后形成初筛固体培养基;或者不加琼脂,其余步骤与初筛固体培养基的制备相同,形成液体培养基PDB;所述的液体种子培养基的组成为:NaNO3 2 g、K2HPO4 1 g、KCl 0.5 g、MgSO4 0.5 g、FeSO4 0.01 g、蔗糖30 g、酵母膏1 g,加水溶解至1000 ml、分装、灭菌后备用;
(2)抗盐胁迫真菌的处理和代谢产物测定
将发酵液冷冻离心后,收集菌丝体接种于固体培养基,在27℃下培养40d,将发酵产物冷冻干燥、粉碎,1mL无菌水溶10ug发酵产物,得到含Arthrinium sp NX002的产品,用于反接于萌发植物;发酵产物包括活性真菌孢子和代谢产物;固体发酵产物通过乙酸乙酯浸提、经HPLC分离得到长蠕孢醇和蠕孢酸;
(3)植物与内生真菌互作和抗胁迫作用
取15mg Arthrinium sp NX002菌株接种到萌发植物中,在中度盐胁迫的30mM NaCl培养基培养下,使植物生长。
3.根据权利要求2所述的抗盐胁迫真菌菌株的应用方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,所述的固体培养基的组成为:麸皮,15 g; KH2PO4,2 g;MgSO4,0.5 g;蒸馏水10 mL,pH 6.0~6.5。
4.根据权利要求2所述的抗盐胁迫真菌菌株的应用方法,其特征在于,所述的萌发植物通过选择健康、有活力的普通植物种子,消毒并洗涤后将种子放置在植物种子培养基,在人工培养箱中使其萌发至三叶一心的方法而得到。
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