CN104753462A - Fault detection method for photovoltaic components - Google Patents
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种光伏组件故障检测方法，包括：给光伏组件通电；依次采集光伏组件内每一电池片上的每一焊带所产生的感应电流值；根据采集到的感应电流值确认故障电池片的位置。本发明光伏组件故障检测方法通过在通电状态下从光伏组件表面来采集每一电池片上焊带所产生的感应电流值，从而判断焊带是否存在虚焊、脱焊的问题、电池片是否存在发电异常等问题。
The invention provides a photovoltaic module fault detection method, comprising: powering on the photovoltaic module; sequentially collecting the induced current value generated by each welding ribbon on each cell in the photovoltaic module; confirming the faulty battery according to the collected induced current value slice location. The photovoltaic module fault detection method of the present invention collects the induced current value generated by the welding ribbon on each battery sheet from the surface of the photovoltaic module in the energized state, thereby judging whether there is a problem of virtual welding or desoldering of the welding ribbon, and whether there is power generation in the battery sheet. exceptions etc.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光伏发电技术领域，尤其涉及一种光伏组件故障检测方法。The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic module fault detection method.
背景技术Background technique
由于长期面对户外恶劣环境，光伏组件对于可靠性和稳定性的要求尤为严格，这对于光伏组件的生产过程提出了苛刻的要求，一款新的光伏组件在上市前通常都需要进行大量的严格检测和认证。但是，由于材料、温度及工艺方面的原因，部分光伏组件仍然会出现一些问题，例如，电池片发电量不均、焊带异常(主要是虚焊、脱焊、断裂)等问题，这些问题一旦出现在某一电池片上，就会严重影响该电池片的正常发电，甚至影响到整个光伏组件的正常工作，因此在发现组件异常时需要立刻对其进行检测，及时找到出现异常的位置。Due to the long-term exposure to harsh outdoor environments, photovoltaic modules have particularly strict requirements on reliability and stability, which imposes strict requirements on the production process of photovoltaic modules. Testing and certification. However, due to material, temperature and process reasons, some photovoltaic modules still have some problems, such as uneven power generation of cells, abnormal welding strips (mainly weak soldering, desoldering, breakage), etc. Once these problems Appearing on a cell will seriously affect the normal power generation of the cell, and even affect the normal operation of the entire photovoltaic module. Therefore, when an abnormality is found in the module, it must be detected immediately to find the location of the abnormality in time.
现有的检测方法主要采用两种技术，一种是EL(Electro-luminescence，电致发光)检测技术，另一种是红外热像检测技术。对于EL检测技术，主要是利用电致发光原理，来探测出电池片较黑的地方(即说明该区域流经的电流较小)，但是整个检测过程必须在全黑环境中进行，以避免可见光对检测的影响，而且采用的EL相机的精度对检测结果影响也很大，使得检测结果有时不尽如人意。对于红外热像技术，是通过检测电池片发热的情况，找到问题电池片的位置，但是对于缺陷比较小的电池片，温度差异也会比较小，导致红外热像仪效果不佳，而且检测结果也容易受到热传递的影响而产生误判。Existing detection methods mainly adopt two technologies, one is EL (Electro-luminescence, electroluminescence) detection technology, and the other is infrared thermal image detection technology. For EL detection technology, the principle of electroluminescence is mainly used to detect the darker part of the cell (that is, the current flowing through this area is small), but the entire detection process must be carried out in a completely dark environment to avoid visible light. The impact on the detection, and the accuracy of the EL camera used also has a great impact on the detection results, which makes the detection results sometimes unsatisfactory. For infrared thermal imaging technology, the position of the problematic battery is found by detecting the heating of the battery. However, for the battery with relatively small defects, the temperature difference will be relatively small, resulting in poor infrared thermal imager effect, and the detection results It is also susceptible to misjudgment due to the influence of heat transfer.
可见，对于检测焊带、电池片是否存在异常的问题，现有的两种检测方法都存在较大的缺陷，仅通过影像来判断，无法从数据上直观的判断是否存在异常。因此，确有必要提供一种光伏组件故障检测方法的来解决上述技术问题。It can be seen that for the problem of detecting whether there is an abnormality in the ribbon and the battery sheet, the existing two detection methods have relatively large defects. It is only judged by the image, and it is impossible to intuitively judge whether there is an abnormality from the data. Therefore, it is indeed necessary to provide a photovoltaic module fault detection method to solve the above technical problems.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所解决的技术问题在于提供一种光伏组件故障检测方法，以改善现有技术中检测效果不佳的问题。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module fault detection method to improve the problem of poor detection effect in the prior art.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种光伏组件故障检测方法，包括：In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module fault detection method, including:
给光伏组件通电；energize the PV modules;
依次采集光伏组件内每一电池片上的每一焊带所产生的感应电流值；Sequentially collect the induced current value generated by each ribbon on each cell in the photovoltaic module;
根据采集到的感应电流值确认故障电池片的位置。Confirm the location of the faulty cell according to the collected induced current value.
进一步地，给光伏组件通电，包括：采用函数发生器在光伏组件的正、负引出端之间施加一正弦波电压。Further, energizing the photovoltaic module includes: using a function generator to apply a sine wave voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the photovoltaic module.
进一步地，所述正弦波电压为8-10V。Further, the sine wave voltage is 8-10V.
进一步地，给光伏组件通电，包括：在光伏组件的正、负引出端之间施加一交流电压。Further, energizing the photovoltaic module includes: applying an AC voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the photovoltaic module.
进一步地，依次采集光伏组件内每一电池片上的每一焊带所产生的感应电流值，包括：Further, sequentially collect the induced current value generated by each ribbon on each cell in the photovoltaic module, including:
将电感式传感器置于光伏组件的透明盖板表面；Place the inductive sensor on the transparent cover surface of the photovoltaic module;
在光伏组件通电的情况下，将电感式传感器依次移放至每一电池片的上方，并使所述电感式传感器与每一焊带的位置相对应；When the photovoltaic module is powered on, move the inductive sensor to the top of each cell in turn, and make the inductive sensor correspond to the position of each welding strip;
通过电流表读取所述电感式传感器所采集到的感应电流值。Reading the induced current value collected by the inductive sensor through the ammeter.
进一步地，根据采集到的感应电流值确认故障电池片的位置，包括：Further, confirm the location of the faulty cell according to the collected induced current value, including:
记录并比较采集的所有感应电流值；Record and compare all the induced current values collected;
找到异常的感应电流值，并找出该异常电流值所对应的焊带位置。Find the abnormal induced current value, and find out the position of the welding ribbon corresponding to the abnormal current value.
进一步地，当感应电流值中存在0时，则判断该电流值所对应的焊带处于断开状态。Further, when there is 0 in the induced current value, it is determined that the welding strip corresponding to the current value is in the disconnected state.
本发明光伏组件故障检测方法通过在通电状态下从光伏组件表面来采集每一电池片上每根焊带所产生的感应电流值，根据感应电流值来判断该处电池片上是否存在故障，如焊带焊接异常、电池片本身发电异常等问题。The fault detection method of the photovoltaic module of the present invention collects the induced current value generated by each welding ribbon on each cell from the surface of the photovoltaic module in the energized state, and judges whether there is a fault on the solar cell according to the induced current value, such as the welding ribbon Abnormal welding, abnormal power generation of the cell itself, etc.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述的光伏组件故障检测方法的流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a photovoltaic module fault detection method according to the present invention.
图2为本发明所述的光伏组件故障检测方法在一实施例中的应用示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the application of the photovoltaic module fault detection method in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
请参阅图1及图2所示，本发明提供一种光伏组件故障检测方法，用于检测光伏组件内异常电池片的位置，从而判断该异常电池片上的焊带是否存在虚焊、脱落的问题，或者判断电池片本身是否存在发电异常的缺陷(如细栅线电极、主栅线电极断裂等)，所述光伏组件包括若干电池片及连接电池片的焊带，利用本发明所述的检测方法，可以检测出电池片和焊带之间的问题。Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module fault detection method, which is used to detect the position of the abnormal cell in the photovoltaic module, so as to judge whether the soldering strip on the abnormal cell has the problem of virtual welding or falling off , or judge whether there is a defect of abnormal power generation in the battery sheet itself (such as a thin grid line electrode, a busbar electrode breakage, etc.), the photovoltaic module includes a number of battery sheets and welding strips connecting the battery sheets, using the detection method described in the present invention method, can detect the problem between the cell and the ribbon.
如图1所示，本发明所述的光伏组件故障检测方法，包括如下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, the photovoltaic module fault detection method of the present invention includes the following steps:
S101：给光伏组件通电；S101: power on the photovoltaic module;
S102：依次采集光伏组件内每一电池片上的每一焊带所产生的感应电流值；S102: sequentially collect the induced current value generated by each ribbon on each cell in the photovoltaic module;
S103：根据采集到的感应电流值确认故障电池片的位置。S103: Confirm the location of the faulty cell according to the collected induced current value.
其中，在本发明较佳实施例中，“S101：给光伏组件通电”，是指采用函数发生器在光伏组件的正、负引出端之间施加一正弦波电压，电压约为8-10V，由于函数发生器具有较宽的频率范围，且通断更为安全，是本发明实施例中优选的给光伏组件的通电方式，请配合参阅图2所示。当然，在其他实施例中，还可采用其他方式给光伏组件通电，例如在光伏组件的正负引出端之间施加一交流电压，也能满足本发明检测方法的检测要求。无论是被施加正弦波电压还是交流电压，通电后，光伏组件内的每一电池片将成为负载电阻，并通过焊带相互连接，焊带上将有电流流过。Among them, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, "S101: Power on the photovoltaic module" refers to using a function generator to apply a sine wave voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the photovoltaic module, the voltage is about 8-10V, Since the function generator has a wider frequency range and is safer to switch on and off, it is the preferred way to power the photovoltaic module in the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to FIG. 2 . Of course, in other embodiments, other methods can also be used to energize the photovoltaic module, such as applying an AC voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the photovoltaic module, which can also meet the detection requirements of the detection method of the present invention. Regardless of whether a sine wave voltage or an AC voltage is applied, after power is applied, each cell in the photovoltaic module will become a load resistor, and will be connected to each other through the soldering strips, and current will flow through the soldering strips.
在本发明较佳实施例中，“S102：依次采集光伏组件内每一电池片上的每一焊带所产生的感应电流值”，请配合参阅图2所示，主要包括：In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, "S102: Sequentially collect the induced current value generated by each ribbon on each cell in the photovoltaic module", please refer to Figure 2, which mainly includes:
将电感式传感器置于光伏组件的透明盖板表面；Place the inductive sensor on the transparent cover surface of the photovoltaic module;
在光伏组件通电的情况下，将电感式传感器依次移放至每一电池片的上方，并使所述电感式传感器与每一焊带的位置相对应；When the photovoltaic module is powered on, move the inductive sensor to the top of each cell in turn, and make the inductive sensor correspond to the position of each welding strip;
通过电流表读取所述电感式传感器所采集的感应电流值，该电流值为焊带在通电状态下产生的感应电流，其大小可直接反映出焊带内实际流经的电流值大小，即感应电流大则表示焊带内流经的电流值也较大，感应电流异常则说明焊带内流经的电流值也异常，由此可以得知流经每一电池片的电流值，该电流值直接反映出当前电池片位置上是否存在缺陷，能帮助判断故障电池片的位置所在。Read the induced current value collected by the inductive sensor through the ammeter, the current value is the induced current generated by the welding strip in the energized state, and its magnitude can directly reflect the actual current value flowing through the welding strip, that is, the induction If the current is large, it means that the current value flowing in the welding strip is also large. If the induced current is abnormal, it means that the current value flowing in the welding strip is also abnormal. From this, the current value flowing through each cell can be known. The current value It directly reflects whether there is a defect in the position of the current cell, and can help determine the location of the faulty cell.
由于电池片表面焊带的数量与电池片表面的主栅线电极数量有关，因此，本发明所述的电池片主要包含了两栅线电池片、三栅线电池片、四栅线电池片等目前主流的电池片种类。对于两栅线电池片来说，由于电池片表面具有两条栅线，因而其表面焊接的焊带也只有两条，在利用本发明检测方法进行检测时，需将所述电感式传感器分别放置在与两条焊带所述对应的位置上，如此分别测得两条焊带所产生的感应电流值，为了检测方便，可同时采用两个电感式传感器对单个电池片进行检测，一次检测即可同时得到两个电流值，以此提高检测效率。当然，对于三栅线电池片、四栅线电池片来说，检测方式相同，实践中，由于每一电池片表面的焊带数量相应的增多，焊带虚焊、脱落的概率相对更大，利用本发明的检测方法能方便快捷的监测出焊带虚焊、脱落的位置。Since the number of solder strips on the surface of the battery sheet is related to the number of busbar electrodes on the surface of the battery sheet, the battery sheet described in the present invention mainly includes a two-bar cell, a three-bar cell, a four-bar cell, etc. The current mainstream battery types. For the battery with two grid lines, since there are two grid lines on the surface of the battery, there are only two welding ribbons on its surface. When using the detection method of the present invention for detection, the inductive sensors need to be placed At the positions corresponding to the two welding strips, the induced current values generated by the two welding strips are respectively measured in this way. For the convenience of detection, two inductive sensors can be used to detect a single cell at the same time. One detection is Two current values can be obtained at the same time, so as to improve the detection efficiency. Of course, the detection method is the same for three-grid cells and four-grid cells. In practice, due to the corresponding increase in the number of ribbons on the surface of each cell, the probability of soldering and falling off is relatively greater. Utilizing the detection method of the present invention can conveniently and quickly monitor the positions of virtual welding and shedding of the welding strips.
在本发明较佳实施例中，“S103：根据采集到的感应电流值确认故障电池片的位置”，主要包括：记录并比较采集的所有感应电流值，找到异常的感应电流值，并找出该异常电流值所对应的焊带位置。此处的原理为，若焊带所产生的感应电流明显小于其他焊带所产生的感应电流，则很可能反映出焊带焊接异常或当前电池片存在发电异常；若焊带内无电流通过而使电流表无法采集到感应电流，则很可能反映出焊带已脱落或断开了或者当前焊带所在的电池片存在不发电的问题。可见，根据焊带内流经的电流大小，可以快速找到故障、异常的位置。在实际应用中，若光伏组件在最初的时测得一根焊带产生的感应电流为50mA，而在使用1年后发现该电流值变为0，则此时即可判断该焊带发生了断开或脱焊(电池片本身一般不会完全丧失发电能力，即便局部受损，其他部位仍然具有发电能力，因此电流值为0通常不会判断是电池片完全不发电)，而现有技术中单靠检测光伏组件的I-V数据，是无法反应出某一电池片的局部缺陷的。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, "S103: Confirm the location of the faulty cell according to the collected induced current value" mainly includes: recording and comparing all collected induced current values, finding abnormal induced current values, and finding The ribbon position corresponding to the abnormal current value. The principle here is that if the induced current generated by the ribbon is significantly smaller than the induced current generated by other ribbons, it is likely to reflect the abnormal welding of the ribbon or the abnormal power generation of the current cell; if there is no current in the ribbon and the If the ammeter cannot collect the induced current, it may reflect that the solder ribbon has fallen off or is disconnected, or that the battery where the solder ribbon is currently located is not generating electricity. It can be seen that according to the magnitude of the current flowing in the welding strip, the location of the fault or abnormality can be quickly found. In practical applications, if the photovoltaic module initially measures an induction current of 50mA generated by a welding strip, and finds that the current value becomes 0 after one year of use, then it can be judged that the welding strip has occurred. Disconnection or desoldering (the cell itself generally does not completely lose its power generation capacity, even if it is partially damaged, other parts still have power generation capacity, so the current value of 0 usually does not judge that the cell does not generate power at all), while the existing technology It is impossible to reflect the local defect of a certain cell by only relying on the I-V data of the photovoltaic module.
综上所述，本发明通过从光伏组件表面采集到其内部电池片上每一焊带位置处所产生的感应电流(其可反映出焊带内实际流经的电流值)，并根据该感应电流的大小来直观的找出异常的电流值，并确定该异常电流值所对应的焊带位置，进而快速的定位出故障电池片的位置，当电流值异常时，通常就存在两种可能：当前电池片上的焊带连接可能存在异常(如焊带虚焊、脱焊、断裂)，或者电池片自身可能存在发电异常(如表面的栅线电极断裂而无法收集电流)，此时只需逐一检查这两种可能的情况即可，整个过程比较简单、便捷，可通过数据直观地观察并找出问题所在，能大大降低误判的概率，提高光伏组件故障检测的准确性和检测效率。To sum up, the present invention collects the induced current (which can reflect the actual value of the current flowing in the ribbon) generated at the position of each ribbon on the internal battery sheet from the surface of the photovoltaic module, and according to the value of the induced current Intuitively find out the abnormal current value, and determine the position of the ribbon corresponding to the abnormal current value, and then quickly locate the position of the faulty cell. When the current value is abnormal, there are usually two possibilities: the current battery There may be abnormalities in the connection of the ribbons on the chip (such as weak soldering, desoldering, and breakage of the ribbons), or there may be abnormalities in the power generation of the battery itself (such as the grid wire electrodes on the surface are broken and cannot collect current), and you only need to check these one by one. There are only two possible situations. The whole process is relatively simple and convenient. The problem can be visually observed and found through the data, which can greatly reduce the probability of misjudgment and improve the accuracy and efficiency of photovoltaic module fault detection.
以上所述，仅是本发明的最佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下，利用上述揭示的方法内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，均属于权利要求书保护的范围。The above is only the best embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any person skilled in the art can use the method content disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the claims.
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