CN104730279B - A kind of chirped pulse velocity interferometer - Google Patents
A kind of chirped pulse velocity interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104730279B CN104730279B CN201310706464.XA CN201310706464A CN104730279B CN 104730279 B CN104730279 B CN 104730279B CN 201310706464 A CN201310706464 A CN 201310706464A CN 104730279 B CN104730279 B CN 104730279B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of chirped pulse velocity interferometer.In the interferometer：The broadband laser pulse of wideband pulse LASER Light Source output, become the linear-chirped-pulse of linear polarization after the polarizer and pulse stretcher；Linear-chirped-pulse produces the orthogonal S-polarization light in polarization direction and P polarization light by polarization splitting prism, and they successively incide sample surface；Reflected light carries out beat frequency interference with certain angle, the beat frequency interference striped as caused by imaging-type spectrometer record.The S-polarization light and P polarization light have certain delay-time difference before inciding sample surfaces, and after being reflected by sample surfaces, synchronous transfer is realized by optical path compensation；The direction that shakes thoroughly of the polarizer and analyzer is mutually perpendicular to.Chirped pulse velocity interferometer of the present invention can realize the time resolution of subpicosecond magnitude, and corresponding record system is imaging-type spectrometer, avoid using expensive streak camera record system, so as to effectively control cost of testing system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser testing device field, and in particular to a kind of chirped pulse velocity interferometer.
Background technology
Laser velocity interferometer is changed using the difference frequency of two moment laser beams of photomultiplier-oscillograph recording
Process, to realize the optic test of high-speed moving object surface (making laser beam produce the moving surface of Doppler frequency shift) tachometric survey
System.The appearance of velocity interferometer once solves frequency response problems existing for displacement interference instrument well.But in measurement freely
During face velocity, velocity interferometer requires sample surfaces grinding and polishing into minute surface, and can not differentiate acceleration-deceleration process.1972,
Barker and Hollenbach establishes velocity interferometer (VISAR) system of any reflecting surface, and it is used to do instead of speed
Interferometer measures high-speed moving object superficial velocity.The sample of VISAR both measurable specularly reflecting surfaces, also measurable diffusing reflection surface
Sample, while acceleration-deceleration process (Laser interferometer for measuring high can be differentiated
Velocities of any reflecting surface, J.Appl.Phys., L.M.Barker and
R.E.Hollenbach)。
Initially, due to being restricted by photomultiplier-oscillograph recording system, VISAR time resolution can only be accomplished
Nanosecond order, it can not meet observation requirement of the people in many phenomenons.In order to improve this situation, nineteen eighty-three,
Bloomquist and Sheffield is modified to VISAR light path, and replaces photomultiplier-show with electronics streak camera
Ripple device record system, improved system are referred to as Optically recording velocity interferometer (ORVIS), its time resolution mainly by
It is limited to streak camera.Therefore, level (the Optically recording interferometer of Picosecond have been reached
For velocity measurements with subnanosecond resolution, J.Appl.Phys.,
D.D.Bloomquist and S.A.Sheffield).1998, Celliers et al. utilized the spatial discrimination of streak camera again
Ability, by introducing imaging system in VISAR, imaging-type VISAR is constructed, and in the experiment of measurement laser-driven shock wave
In, while the one-dimensional space for realizing Picosecond and sub-micron differentiates (Accurate measurement of
Laser-driven shock trajectories with velocity interferometry, Appl.Phys.Lett.,
P.M.Celliers, G.W.Collins, L.B.Da Silva, D.M.Gold, and R.Cauble).Hereafter, these technology quilts
It is widely used among the Physical Experiment related to shock motion, as high pressure state equation experiment, material kinetics performance are real
Test and inertial confinement fusion in shock wave temporal regulation experiment etc..
In VISAR systems, streak camera as important part be it is essential, it affect system when
Between resolution capability.However, the expensive price of streak camera makes VISAR construction cost remain high, strongly limit this is
The application of system.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of chirped pulse velocity interferometer, can be applied to the measurement of high-speed moving object superficial velocity,
Body surface can be any reflecting surface；Using spectrometer record system, while high time resolution is reached, efficiently control
System building cost.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, implementation column of the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of chirped pulse velocity interferometer, the laser pulse of wideband pulse LASER Light Source output pass through the polarizer and pulse
Stretcher turns into the linear-chirped-pulse of linear polarization, is then divided into orthogonal two beam in polarization direction, and a branch of is S-polarization light,
Another beam is P polarization light, and S-polarization light undergoes a time delay device, lags behind P polarization optical transport.Two-beam is with co-axial propagation
Mode by convex lens focus on testing sample surface, collect and collimate the reflected light for carrying sample surfaces movable information, mend
The time delay between two-beam is repaid, synchronizes them transmission.S after synchronization, P polarization light are projected into identical polarization direction
On, and beat frequency interference superposition is carried out with certain angle, interference fringe is received by imaging-type spectrometer.To the interference fringe of acquisition
Spectrum unscrambling is carried out, obtains the speed evolutionary process of sample surfaces.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the wideband pulse LASER Light Source is super continuous pulse laser or femto-second laser, its
In the pulse spectrum scope of super continuous pulse laser output be 400nm~2000nm, centre wavelength is adjustable, by using difference
Broadband filter be filtered, the laser pulse of different centre wavelengths and bandwidth can be obtained.
Alternatively, the pulse stretcher is the optical dispersion elements such as grating stretcher, dispersive glass, changes stretcher
Parameter, you can to realize the regulation to chirped pulse width.
The linear-chirped-pulse is divided into S-polarization light and P polarization just to facilitate delay-time difference between two-beam
Compensation.
Alternatively, the time delay device is the low chromatic dispersion materials such as quartz glass, and certain thickness is added in S-polarization light path
Low chromatic dispersion material, be subjected to light path increase, certain delay-time difference is produced between P polarization light, changes material
Thickness, you can to realize the regulation to time delay.
The testing sample surface is on the focal plane of convex lens, and convex lens are by incident beam focus in testing sample table
Face, then collects the scattering light of sample surfaces, and realizes the collimation of light beam.
The compensation of the time delay is that optical path compensation element is added in P polarization light path, its parameter and the time delay
The parameter of device is identical, including material category, quality and thickness etc.；Optical path compensation element both compensate for S-polarization light and P polarization light it
Between delay-time difference, maintain the simulation zero path difference condition of two light beams again, the velocity interferometer is measured any reflection
The speed in face.
The S, P polarization light are projected on identical polarization direction and examined by being placed in the common transmission path of two-beam
The direction angle at 45 ° that shakes thoroughly of inclined device realization, analyzer and the polarizer, so that S, P polarization light are in identical polarization direction
On drop shadow intensity it is suitable.
The interference fringe of imaging-type spectrometer record is two dimensional image, wherein spectrum axle along stripe direction perpendicular to narrow
Seam.
Alternatively, the Spectra Unfolding Methods of the interference fringe are fourier transform method and small wave converting method.
In technical scheme, the motion of sample surfaces makes laser beam incident thereon produce Doppler frequency shift,
The size of frequency shift amount is relevant with the speed of sample surfaces.Because S-polarization light and P polarization light are linear-chirped-pulse (pulse frequency
Rate linearly changes over time), in single laser beam, caused Doppler frequency shift reflects difference on different pulse frequency
The object speed at moment；S, between P polarization light delay-time difference presence, pass through the identical frequency content in two beam laser pulses
Doppler frequency shift is at different moments gone through, i.e. Doppler frequency shift amount is different caused by identical frequency content in S, P polarization light.Take
S, projection of the P polarization light in identical polarised direction, make to interfere between them.Imaging-type spectrometer recorded the dry of two dimension
Figure is related to, it represents the beat frequency interference between two beam laser pulses (identical frequency content) along spectrograph slit direction, along spectrum
Direction of principal axis represents different frequency content, (according to the property of linear-chirped-pulse) equivalent to it is different at the time of.Two dimension is interfered
Figure carries out spectrum unscrambling, so as to obtain sample surfaces speed at different moments.
Compared with existing velocity interferometer (such as VISAR), above-mentioned technical proposal has advantages below：
1st, the inventive method uses spectrometer record system, and the expensive streak camera used relative to VISAR records system
System, price advantage is obvious, so as to effectively control the construction cost of velocity interferometer.
2nd, the inventive method, can be with regulating system by changing the bandwidth of incident laser pulse or the pulsewidth of chirped pulse
Time resolution, highest can reach femtosecond magnitude；And VISAR time resolution is limited to the Picosecond ability of streak camera.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the chirped pulse velocity interferometer fundamental diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Wherein：1st, super continuous pulse laser；2nd, the polarizer；3rd, broadband filter；4th, pulse stretcher；5th, speculum；
6th, polarization splitting prism；7th, time delay device；8th, speculum；9th, speculum；10th, polarization splitting prism；11st, speculum；12nd, it is convex
Lens；13rd, testing sample；14th, polarization splitting prism；15th, optical path compensation element；16th, speculum；17th, speculum；18th, polarize
Amici prism；19th, analyzer；20th, imaging-type spectrometer.
Fig. 2 is the sample surfaces speed change curves simulated in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is the Doppler frequency shift that each wavelength of chirped pulse is simulated in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is the two-dimentional conoscope image that simulated light spectrometer records in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 5 is the domain space distribution of simulating two-dimensional conoscope image in the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 6 is to simulate the move of stripe of reconstruction with the change of wavelength in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 7 is the chirped pulse speed that femtosecond laser drives that free surface velocity measures in shock wave in the embodiment of the present invention 2
Interferometer work schematic diagram
Wherein：1st, femto-second laser；2nd, beam splitting chip；3rd, speculum；4th, speculum；5th, speculum；6th, speculum；7th, convex lens
Mirror；8th, speculum；9th, the polarizer；10th, pulse stretcher；11st, speculum；12nd, polarization splitting prism；13rd, time delay device；
14th, speculum；15th, speculum；16th, polarization splitting prism；17th, speculum；18th, convex lens；19th, testing sample；20th, polarization point
Light prism；21st, optical path compensation element；22nd, speculum；23rd, speculum；24th, polarization splitting prism；25th, analyzer；26th, it is imaged
Type spectrometer.
Embodiment
In order to facilitate the understanding of the purposes, features and advantages of the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to the present invention
Embodiment be described in detail.
Many specific parameters have been used in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present invention, still these parameters are only
It is example, it should not limit the scope of protection of the invention herein.
Embodiment 1
Shown in Fig. 1, a kind of chirped pulse velocity interferometer of the invention, the super output of continuous pulse laser 1 one centers
The super continuous laser pulse of wavelength, by filtering the laser pulse into required bandwidth after broadband filter 2, recycle the He of the polarizer 3
Pulse stretcher 4 is changed into the linear-chirped-pulse of linear polarization.Chirped pulse is after speculum 5, by polarization splitting prism 6
It is divided into the orthogonal S-polarization light in polarization direction and P polarization light, wherein, S-polarization light passage time delayer 7 and speculum 8 arrive
Up to polarization splitting prism 10, after P polarization light is reflected by speculum 9, realized by polarization splitting prism 10 and S-polarization light and close beam,
Time delay device 7 makes the S-polarization light after conjunction beam lag behind P polarization optical transport.Combined beam light is focused on testing sample by convex lens 12
Surface 13, according to doppler principle, the motion of sample surfaces makes its reflected light produce Doppler frequency shift, and how much frequency shift amount reflects
The size of superficial velocity.Convex lens 12 are collected and collimated reflected light, collimated light beam pass through speculum 11 and polarization splitting prism 14
Afterwards, S, P polarization light separate again, are transmitted respectively, wherein, S-polarization light reaches polarization splitting prism 18 by speculum 17,
Another way P polarization light then reaches polarization splitting prism 18, optical path compensation element 15 by optical path compensation element 15 and speculum 16
Be with the identical element of time delay device 7, for compensating the delay-time difference between two-way light, them is realized synchronous transfer.
S, after P polarization light is by polarization splitting prism 18, symport is carried out with certain angle, experience analyzer 19 enters imaging-type
Spectrometer 20, so as to recorded the interference image of two dimension, analyzer 19 makes S, P polarization light produce the light beam of identical polarized component,
Make it possible to carry out coherent superposition, rotation analyzer 19 makes its shake thoroughly direction and 3 angle at 45 ° of the polarizer, and interference fringe can be with
Obtain good contrast.
The optical path arrangement of the chirped pulse velocity interferometer of the present invention is described in detail above, in order to more preferable
Understand the measuring principle of the present invention, the process to be tested the speed to chirped pulse velocity interferometer of the present invention is subjected to numerical simulation below.
In the present embodiment, the centre wavelength of chirped pulse is λ0=400nm, bandwidth Delta lambda=60nm, pulsewidth τc=
300ps；Delay-time difference between S-polarization light and P polarization light is 40ps；The minimum wavelength of imaging-type spectrometer is distinguished as
0.3nm, take the photograph spectral width 120nm.
Solid line in Fig. 2 is the given testing sample superficial velocity of simulation, when S-polarization and the linear-chirped-pulse of P polarization
When being reflected by this velocity interface, according to the property of doppler principle and linear-chirped-pulse, (pulse wavelength and time are in one a pair
Should be related to), corresponding wavelength movement is produced in pulse spectrum, as shown in figure 3, wherein, in the centre wavelength and Fig. 2 of P polarization light
Time zero it is synchronous.Before sample surfaces are reached, S-polarization light lags behind P polarization light biography because of elapsed-time standards delayer 7
It is defeated, so, for identical spectral component, the latter will reach sample surfaces prior to the former, i.e., in S-polarization light and P polarization light
Same frequency spectrum composition experienced different Doppler frequency shifts, with reference to shown in figure 3.P polarization light by optical path compensation element 15 (with when
Between delayer 7 it is identical) after, two-beam synchronous transfer in time.When they carry out beat frequency interference (two-beam with certain angle
Interference between middle same frequency spectrum composition), and when being recorded by spectrometer dispersion, the Doppler frequency shift official post between S, P polarization light
Striped generates movement, as shown in figure 4, striped bends along spectrum direction of principal axis.
Fig. 5 is the result that (spectrograph slit direction) makees Fourier transform to Fig. 4 along the X direction.As can be seen that Fig. 5 by
Three straight line is formed, wherein, middle straight line is referred to as direct current background signal, and it does not include any velocity information to be measured；Both sides pair
The straight line for claiming distribution is the AC signal of a pair of conjugation, and any one exchange item all contains the full detail of speed to be measured.Choosing
Select filter function to filter out an AC signal therein, and make inverse fourier transform to it, at this moment obtain a complex function, from
It is middle to remove intrinsic position difference, then carry out the operations such as phase extraction, position phase unwrapping and the conversion of position phase fringe number, finally obtain with
The move of stripe number of wavelength change, as shown in Figure 6.Dotted line in Fig. 2 is the rate signal according to derived from move of stripe rate of change,
With simulating identical fine of given rate signal (solid line in Fig. 2).The minimum time of the present embodiment is distinguished as
Wherein, c=300nm/fs is the light velocity.
Embodiment 2
Wideband pulse LASER Light Source in the present embodiment is femto-second laser.In measurement femtosecond laser driving shock wave unloading
When free surfaces of specimen speed when, the wideband pulse LASER Light Source using femto-second laser as chirped pulse velocity interferometer is
Advantageously.The pulse of femto-second laser output is divided to by beam splitting chip 2 to be passed through for two beams, wherein the reflected beams as pump light
After the optical delay circuit that speculum 3,4 is formed, the preceding surface of sample is focused on by the reflection of speculum 5,6 and convex lens 7, so as in material
Middle driving shock wave, when interface is unloaded after shock motion to sample, rear interface setting in motion；Another beam passes through beam splitting chip
2 light beam, after being reflected by speculum 8, the incident broad band laser pulse as chirped pulse velocity interferometer, to interface after sample
Movement velocity measure, as shown in Figure 7.
It is described above, only it is the alternative embodiment of the present invention, any formal limitation not is made to the present invention.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with alternative embodiment, but is not limited to the present invention.It is any to be familiar with ability
The technical staff in domain, without departing from the scope of the technical proposal of the invention, all using in the methods and techniques of the disclosure above
Appearance makes many possible changes and modifications to technical solution of the present invention, or is revised as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.Therefore,
Every content change and modification without departing from technical solution of the present invention, still fall within technical solution of the present invention protection in the range of.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of chirped pulse velocity interferometer, it is characterised in that contain following optical component：
Wideband pulse LASER Light Source, the polarizer, pulse stretcher, speculum, polarization splitting prism, time delay device, convex lens,
Testing sample, optical path compensation element, analyzer and imaging-type spectrometer, the transmitting procedure of light beam are wideband pulse LASER Light Sources
The laser pulse of output turns into linearly polarized light by the polarizer, is then linear-chirped-pulse by pulse stretcher broadening, works as Zhou
When pulse propagation of singing passes through polarization splitting prism, it is divided into the orthogonal S-polarization light in polarization direction and P polarization light, wherein, S is inclined
One time delay device of more experience during light propagation of shaking, so as to lag behind P polarization optical transport, convex lens are successively poly- by two-beam
It is burnt and to be collected and collimation scattering light in sample surfaces, the P polarization light in collimated light beam by an optical path compensation element realize with
The synchronous transfer of S-polarization light, finally, S, P polarization light produce the light beam of identical polarization by analyzer, and are entered with certain angle
Row beat frequency interference, caused interference fringe enter imaging-type spectrometer.
2. chirped pulse velocity interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the wideband pulse LASER Light Source is
Super continuous pulse laser or femto-second laser, wherein Supercontinuum source have wider spectral region, and centre wavelength is adjustable.
3. chirped pulse velocity interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pulse stretcher is grating exhibition
One kind in wide device, dispersive glass or other optical dispersion elements.
4. chirped pulse velocity interferometer according to claim 3, it is characterised in that change pulse stretcher Parameter adjustable
Save the pulsewidth of chirped pulse.
5. chirped pulse velocity interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that testing sample surface is in convex lens
Focal plane on.
6. chirped pulse velocity interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that optical path compensation element and time delay
The parameter of device is identical, including material category, quality and thickness.
7. chirped pulse velocity interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the saturating side of shaking of the polarizer and analyzer
To angle at 45 °.
8. chirped pulse velocity interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the image of imaging-type spectrometer record
For two-dimentional interference fringe, spectrum axle is along stripe direction perpendicular to slit.
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| CN105158165B (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-08-18 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of ultrafast ellipsometer device and measuring method |
| EP3420324B1 (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2021-03-24 | Continuse Biometrics Ltd. | A method and system for monitoring parameters of a moving object |
| CN105682332A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-15 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Measurement system and method |
| CN108896221B (en) * | 2018-06-30 | 2020-09-01 | 天津大学 | Shock wave signal detection device and method based on Mach-Zehnder interference |
| CN109755847B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-12-25 | 中国科学技术大学 | Method for generating ultrashort laser pulse train |
| CN109633196B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2022-02-08 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | All-fiber chirped pulse velocity interferometer |
| CN110579444B (en) * | 2019-09-28 | 2022-04-08 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Visible-near infrared light polarization spectrum detection probe and detection method thereof |
| CN111521844A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Interferometer zero-path-difference online debugging mechanism for VISAR system |
| CN112147630B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-03-01 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Imaging Doppler velocimeter |
| CN112649834B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2023-12-08 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Full-optical solid ultrafast imaging system and method for ICF core self-luminous key process |
| CN114113665B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-12-22 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Two-dimensional shock wave speed field quasi-continuous diagnostic instrument |
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| US4632551A (en) * | 1984-06-11 | 1986-12-30 | Litton Systems, Inc. | Passive sampling interferometric sensor arrays |
| KR100337646B1 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 2002-05-23 | 오길록 | Apparatus for measurement of an optical pulse shape |
| CN2570792Y (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2003-09-03 | 复旦大学 | Multiple-testing total fibre-optical velocity interference apparatus |
| CN100354616C (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2007-12-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Chirp pulse longitudinal diffraction interferometer |
| CN1292272C (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2006-12-27 | 复旦大学 | Method for structuring feedback delay of optical fiber line and full light fiber white light interference system made thereof |
| CN100451582C (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2009-01-14 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument |
| CA2710296A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-07-02 | Kevin Resch | System and method for chirped pulse interferometry |
| US8004688B2 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2011-08-23 | Zygo Corporation | Scan error correction in low coherence scanning interferometry |
| CN202330448U (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-07-11 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Imaging type laser speed interferometer system used for impulsion diagnosis |
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