CN104723226A - 发泡树脂砂轮的制备方法 - Google Patents

发泡树脂砂轮的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104723226A
CN104723226A CN201510111229.7A CN201510111229A CN104723226A CN 104723226 A CN104723226 A CN 104723226A CN 201510111229 A CN201510111229 A CN 201510111229A CN 104723226 A CN104723226 A CN 104723226A
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邵水源
师新民
牛晶晶
黄奕涵
范阳
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Abstract

本发明提供了发泡树脂砂轮的制备方法,涉及砂轮制备的技术领域,可以制备出质轻,无毒,节约成本,并在耐水性能,耐磨性能,导热性能等方面优于普通树脂砂轮的发泡树脂砂轮。所述方法包括:S1、改性碳化硅填料的制备:将硅烷偶联剂与无水乙醇在容器中混合均匀,加入碳化硅微粉,于水浴中搅拌均匀后烘干即得改性碳化硅填料;S2、发泡树脂砂轮的制备:将环氧树脂、溶剂加入到容器中于水浴温度60℃下搅拌均匀,加入改性碳化硅填料,滴入表面活性剂,搅拌均匀;依次加入发泡剂、发泡助剂、固化剂A组分,在搅拌条件下,加入固化剂B组分,搅拌均匀后注入模具中,然后将所述模具放入烘箱中经发泡、固化、脱模得到发泡树脂砂轮。

Description

发泡树脂砂轮的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及砂轮制备的技术领域,尤其涉及发泡树脂砂轮的制备方法。
背景技术
树脂砂轮是通过黏结剂将磨料粘合起来并成型为特定形状的砂轮,一般用于加工各种金属和非金属,树脂结合剂制造的砂轮强度高,具有一定的弹性,耐热性高,自锐性好,制作简便,工艺周期短。主要用于切削、抛光等。目前国内普遍采用的砂轮,制作工艺简单,操作方便。但存在着明显缺点,如:(1)密度大,导热性能差;(2)磨料不能充分发挥作用,造成浪费,且成本较高;(3)研磨抛光液处理成本高,对环境污染大。尤其在密度方面,国内目前使用相对质轻的抛光轮较少,基本依赖于国外进口。
国内使用的轻质树脂砂轮,主要以聚乙烯醇为结合剂与磨料结合制成树脂砂轮,其中以聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂砂轮最受关注。该树脂砂轮具有海绵状微孔,磨削时不易堵塞微孔,且具有一定的弹性和硬度,抛光效果好。但其存在一定的缺点,如:抛光周期短、强度低、磨耗磨损大,制备过程中毒性大,对人体危害大。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供了一种发泡树脂砂轮的制备方法,该方法易于操作,制备的砂轮质轻,无毒,节约成本,并在耐水性能,耐磨性能,导热性能等方面优于普通树脂砂轮。
为达到上述目的,本发明的实施例采用如下技术方案:
发泡树脂砂轮的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、改性碳化硅填料的制备:
将硅烷偶联剂与无水乙醇在容器中混合均匀,加入碳化硅微粉,于水浴中搅拌均匀后烘干即得改性碳化硅填料;
S2、发泡树脂砂轮的制备:
将环氧树脂、溶剂加入到容器中于水浴温度60℃下搅拌均匀,加入改性碳化硅填料,滴入表面活性剂,搅拌均匀;
依次加入发泡剂、发泡助剂、固化剂A组分,在搅拌条件下,加入固化剂B组分,搅拌均匀后注入模具中,然后将所述模具放入烘箱中经发泡、固化、脱模得到发泡树脂砂轮。
优选的,所述硅烷偶联剂与所述无水乙醇按照特定质量比例在容器中混合均匀,所述特定质量比例范围为2∶98-5∶95。
优选的,所述改性碳化硅填料的平均粒度为5-10μm。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中水浴时的温度为60℃,搅拌的时间为30min,转速为1000-1200r/min。
优选的,所述硅烷偶联剂为KH-560;
所述环氧树脂为E-44,E-51中的一种;所述溶剂为甲苯,所述表面活性剂为非离子表面活性剂,是脂肪酸甘油酯、脂肪酸山梨坦、吐温-20中的一种;
所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼、对甲苯磺酰肼中的一种;所述发泡助剂为尿素,所述固化剂包括A组份和B组份,所述A组份为咪唑,2-甲基咪唑,2-甲基咪唑与环氧丙烷丁基醚加成物中的一种;所述B组份为二乙烯三胺,三亚乙基四胺,4,4’-二氨基二苯砜中的一种。
优选的,所述环氧树脂与所述溶剂的质量比为100∶(20-25);所述环氧树脂与所述改性碳化硅填料的质量比为100∶(150-180);
所述环氧树脂与所述固化剂中A组分的质量比为100∶(0.5-10),与所述固化剂中B组分的质量比为100∶(8-11);所述环氧树脂与所述发泡剂及所述发泡助剂的质量比为100∶10∶2.5。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中将所述模具放入烘箱中时,调节所述烘箱温度为90-100℃发泡2min;然后调节所述烘箱温度为150-170℃固化1h。
优选的,在步骤(1)之前,所述方法还包括:
处理碳化硅微粉:
对碳化硅微粉用浓度为0.1%的HCl溶液进行酸洗,抽真空过滤,再用蒸馏水清洗,直至中性为止,抽真空过滤,然后放入培养皿中,于110℃烘箱中进行干燥1h。
上述技术方案提供的发泡树脂砂轮的制备方法,具有以下有益效果:(1)利用该发泡树脂砂轮发达的微孔体系,可降低工作温度,迅速排除磨屑;(2)直接采用水冷却,避免切削液污染环境,降低成本;(3)固化后的环氧树脂强度高,耐水性强,耐磨性好,磨耗小,工作周期长;(4)该制备方法采用的磨料粒径小,且分散均匀,可提高抛光物件的精度。该通过搅拌,入模,发泡,固化等工艺构成的发泡树脂砂轮的制备工艺简单,易于操作,质轻,无毒,节约成本,并在耐水性能,耐磨性能,导热性能等方面优于普通树脂砂轮。
上述技术方案通过对磨料碳化硅微粉进行改性从而改善碳化硅粉体的表面状态,降低表面活性,提高分散性及固相含量和粉体的流动性;利用环氧树脂,溶剂,改性碳化硅填料,表面活性剂,发泡剂,发泡助剂,固化剂制备出发泡树脂砂轮。这种结合剂制造的砂轮强度高,具有一定的弹性,导热性高,自锐性好,制作简便,工艺周期短。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
(1)对碳化硅微粉用浓度为0.1%的HCl溶液进行酸洗,抽真空过滤,再用蒸馏水清洗,直至中性为止,抽真空过滤,然后放入培养皿中,于110℃烘箱中进行干燥1h;
(2)将5g硅烷偶联剂KH-560、95g无水乙醇加入到三口瓶中,在水浴温度60℃下搅拌均匀,再加入步骤(1)中已烘干的碳化硅微粉,于此温度下搅拌30min;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物趁热倒入过滤装置中,抽真空过滤,然后放入培养皿中,于80℃烘箱中干燥1h,得到改性碳化硅填料。
(4)将10g环氧树脂E-44、2g甲苯加入到烧瓶中,于水浴温度60℃下搅拌,待环氧树脂E-44全部溶解后,缓慢加入15g步骤(3)中得到的改性碳化硅填料,滴入表面活性剂吐温-20,搅拌均匀;
(5)依次加入1g发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺、0.25g发泡助剂尿素、0.05g咪唑,保持反应温度在60℃,搅拌均匀;
(6)在搅拌条件下,加入0.8g固化剂二乙烯三胺,搅拌均匀后,迅速倒入模具中,放入烘箱中90℃发泡2min,然后调烘箱温度150℃固化1h,得到发泡树脂砂轮。
将本实施例制备的发泡树脂砂轮与聚乙烯醇缩醛类抛光砂轮(比较例)进行性能比较,结果如表一:
表一:制备的发泡树脂砂轮与聚乙烯醇缩醛类抛光砂轮进行性能比较
从表中可看出本实施例制造的发泡树脂砂轮在导热性能、耐磨性能、耐水性能方面明显优于聚乙烯醇缩醛类抛光砂轮,且无毒。
实施例2:
(1)对碳化硅微粉用浓度为0.1%的HCl溶液进行酸洗,抽真空过滤,再用蒸馏水清洗,直至中性为止,抽真空过滤,然后放入培养皿中,于110℃烘箱中进行干燥1h;
(2)将2g硅烷偶联剂KH-560、98g无水乙醇加入到三口瓶中,在水浴温度60℃下搅拌均匀,再加入步骤(1)中已烘干的碳化硅微粉, 于此温度下搅拌30min;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物趁热倒入过滤装置中,抽真空过滤,然后放入培养皿中,于80℃烘箱中干燥1h,得到改性碳化硅填料。
(4)将10g环氧树脂E-51、2g甲苯加入到烧瓶中,于水浴温度60℃下搅拌,待环氧树脂E-51全部溶解后,缓慢加入16g步骤(3)中得到的改性碳化硅填料,滴入表面活性剂吐温-20,搅拌均匀;
(5)依次加入1g发泡剂4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼、0.25g发泡助剂尿素、1g咪唑,保持反应温度在60℃,搅拌均匀;
(6)在搅拌条件下,加入1.1g固化剂二乙烯三胺,搅拌均匀后,迅速倒入模具中,放入烘箱中100℃发泡2min,然后调烘箱温度170℃固化1h,得到发泡树脂砂轮。
将本实施例所制备的发泡树脂砂轮进行导热性、耐磨性、耐水性的性能测试,并与比较例进行比较,得到的性能测试的比较结果与实施例1相似。
实施例3:
(1)对碳化硅微粉用浓度为0.1%的HCl溶液进行酸洗,抽真空过滤,再用蒸馏水清洗,直至中性为止,抽真空过滤,然后放入培养皿中,于110℃烘箱中进行干燥1h;
(2)将3.5g硅烷偶联剂KH-560、96.5g无水乙醇加入到三口瓶中,在水浴温度60℃下搅拌均匀,再加入步骤(1)中已烘干的碳化硅微粉,于此温度下搅拌30min;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物趁热倒入过滤装置中,抽真空过滤,然后放入培养皿中,于80℃烘箱中干燥1h,得到改性碳化硅填料。
(4)将10g环氧树脂E-41、2.5g甲苯加入到烧瓶中,于水浴温度60℃下搅拌,待环氧树脂E-41全部溶解后,缓慢加入18g步骤(3)中得到的改性碳化硅填料,滴入表面活性剂山梨坦单月桂酸酯,搅拌均匀;
(5)依次加入1g发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺、0.25g发泡助剂尿素、0.07g2-甲基咪唑,保持反应温度在60℃,搅拌均匀;
(6)在搅拌条件下,加入0.95g固化剂三亚乙基四胺,搅拌均匀后,迅速倒入模具中,放入烘箱中90℃发泡2min,然后调烘箱温度160℃固化1h,得到发泡树脂砂轮。
将本实施例所制备的发泡树脂砂轮进行导热性、耐磨性、耐水性的性能测试,并与比较例进行比较,得到的性能测试的比较结果与实施例1相似。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (8)

1.发泡树脂砂轮的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、改性碳化硅填料的制备:
将硅烷偶联剂与无水乙醇在容器中混合均匀,加入碳化硅微粉,于水浴中搅拌均匀后烘干即得改性碳化硅填料;
S2、发泡树脂砂轮的制备:
将环氧树脂、溶剂加入到容器中于水浴温度60℃下搅拌均匀,加入改性碳化硅填料,滴入表面活性剂,搅拌均匀;
依次加入发泡剂、发泡助剂、固化剂A组分,在搅拌条件下,加入固化剂B组分,搅拌均匀后注入模具中,然后将所述模具放入烘箱中经发泡、固化、脱模得到发泡树脂砂轮。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述硅烷偶联剂与所述无水乙醇按照特定质量比例在容器中混合均匀,所述特定质量比例范围为2∶98-5∶95。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述改性碳化硅填料的平均粒度为5-10μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中水浴时的温度为60℃,搅拌的时间为30min,转速为1000-1200r/min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述硅烷偶联剂为KH-560;
所述环氧树脂为E-44,E-51中的一种;所述溶剂为甲苯,所述表面活性剂为非离子表面活性剂,是脂肪酸甘油酯、脂肪酸山梨坦、吐温-20中的一种;
所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、4,4’一氧代双苯磺酰肼、对甲苯磺酰肼中的一种;所述发泡助剂为尿素,所述固化剂A组份为咪唑,2一甲基咪唑,2一甲基咪唑与环氧丙烷丁基醚加成物中的一种;所述固化剂B组份为二乙烯三胺,三亚乙基四胺,4,4’一二氨基二苯砜中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述环氧树脂与所述溶剂的质量比为100∶(20-25);所述环氧树脂与所述改性碳化硅填料的质量比为100∶(150-180);
所述环氧树脂与所述固化剂中A组分的质量比为100∶(0.5-10),与所述固化剂中B组分的质量比为100∶(8-11);所述环氧树脂与所述发泡剂及所述发泡助剂的质量比为100∶10∶2.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中将所述模具放入烘箱中时,调节所述烘箱温度为90-100℃发泡2min;然后调节所述烘箱温度为150-170℃固化1h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S1之前,所述方法还包括:
处理碳化硅微粉:
对碳化硅微粉用浓度为0.1%的HCI溶液进行酸洗,抽真空过滤,再用蒸馏水清洗,直至中性为止,抽真空过滤,然后放入培养皿中,于110℃烘箱中进行干燥1h。
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