CN104719461B - Small-size dryer for grains - Google Patents

Small-size dryer for grains Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104719461B
CN104719461B CN201510171130.6A CN201510171130A CN104719461B CN 104719461 B CN104719461 B CN 104719461B CN 201510171130 A CN201510171130 A CN 201510171130A CN 104719461 B CN104719461 B CN 104719461B
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China
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heat
heat exchange
connect
drying drum
outlet
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201510171130.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104719461A (en
Inventor
常建娥
彭阳
赵晴瑶
郝雪桐
田高翔
张雨萍
虞苏璞
万昱君
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of small-size dryer for grains, it includes feed hopper, the entrance of the feed hopper and drying drum connects, the outlet of drying drum and the entrance of chilling roll connect, the outlet of chilling roll is connect with discharge bucket, and the air inlet of drying drum and the hot air outlet of stalk combustion furance connect;Drying drum includes heat preservation outer barrel, and inner roller is equipped in heat preservation outer barrel, and inner wall of inner drum is circumferentially laid with asymmetric shovelling plate, and the hole of heat supply wind circulation, inner roller and heat preservation outer barrel are equipped in inner roller by closing set closing;Heat preservation outer barrel is fixed, and the inner roller is rotatable;Temperature sensor, humidity sensor and microprocessor are equipped in inner roller, by the data transfer of acquisition to microprocessor, microprocessor transfers data to host computer using wireless mode for temperature sensor, humidity sensor;Drying drum, chilling roll, stalk combustion furance are placed on trailer.The present invention can solve the problems, such as that straw from village burns and solve the problems, such as grain drying.

Description

Small-size dryer for grains
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drying machines, and in particular to a kind of small-size dryer for grains.
Background technology
China is grain-production and consumption big country, due to the especially middle-size and small-size peasant household's grain-production of the grain-production in China Technicalization degree in journey is not high, and the quality and quantity of grain-production is relatively low.According to statistics, after China's grain harvest in threshing, dry in the air Loss during solarization, storage, transport etc. is up to 15%, far more than as defined in FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) 5% standard.In these damages Disalignment, every year because having a humid climate, wet paddy have little time to dry or not up to safe moisture and caused by go mouldy, the grain for the losses such as germinate Food up to 5% if being calculated by 500,000,000 ton-grain food is produced per year, is equivalent to loss 15,000,000 ton-grain food.Therefore the timely dry and storage of grain Hide the ring as the Grain Development chain most important thing.
China mainly carries out grain drying by natural drying, tower grain drier and drum-type grain drier.From So drying not only the time it is long, influenced greatly by place and weather, and dry during because grain lose fall will also result in it is a great deal of Grain loss.Tower grain drier floor space is larger, and use cost is high, is not suitable for middle-size and small-size peasant household's production;Drum-type The grain drier thermal efficiency is relatively low, and returning charge easily occurs for when supplied materials unevenness, and fused glass inside amount is big, and has the grey phenomenon of increasing.Therefore, we Grain drier middle-size and small-size peasant household, at low cost, the thermal efficiency is high is can be suitably used for there is an urgent need to a kind of.
For the stalk quantum of output in China more than 700,000,000 tons, it is about 3.5 hundred million tons to be converted into mark coal at present.The burning of annual stalk Phenomenon remains incessant after repeated prohibition, very big to the pollution of environment, stalk it is direct burn can cause Sulfur Dioxide In The Atmosphere, nitrogen dioxide, Three pollution indexs of pellet peak value.The processing of stalk is a problem to be solved always, and restricting stalk has It is mainly that cost recovery is excessively high to imitate the bottleneck utilized.
Therefore, we can solve the problems, such as that straw from village directly burns and solve grain drying there is an urgent need to one kind The machine of problem.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind can solve straw from village directly burn caused by pollution problem and Solve the problems, such as the small-size dryer for grains of grain drying.
The invention is realized in this way:
A kind of small-size dryer for grains, it include feed hopper, drying drum, chilling roll, stalk combustion furance, discharge bucket, Trailer, the feed hopper, drying drum, chilling roll, stalk combustion furance and discharge bucket are placed on trailer;
The entrance of the feed hopper and drying drum connects, and the outlet of the drying drum and the entrance of chilling roll connect It connects, the outlet of the chilling roll is connect with the discharge bucket, the hot air outlet of the stalk combustion furance and drying drum Hot-wind inlet connects;
The drying drum includes the heat preservation outer barrel with hot-wind inlet and hot-blast outlet, and interior rolling is equipped in the heat preservation outer barrel Cylinder, the inner wall of inner drum are circumferentially laid with asymmetric shovelling plate, and the hole of heat supply wind circulation is equipped in the inner roller, described interior Roller and heat preservation outer barrel are by closing set closing;The heat preservation outer barrel is fixed, and the inner roller is rotatable;
Temperature sensor, humidity sensor and microprocessor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor are equipped in the inner roller By the data transfer of acquisition to microprocessor, microprocessor transfers data to host computer using wireless mode;
The stalk combustion furance includes stalk feed inlet, and the stalk feed inlet is connected with burning hall, the burning hall Ashes outlet is had, the burning one's parents are equipped with heat-exchanging chamber, and the heat-exchanging chamber is equipped with inlet of cold air, hot gas goes out Mouthful.
By said program, set in the heat-exchanging chamber there are three heat exchange cylinder, the lower end of the first heat exchange cylinder passes through first The hot gas cavity wall of transverse slat and heat-exchanging chamber connects, and the upper end of the first heat exchange cylinder passes through the second transverse slat and the second heat exchange cylinder Upper end connection, the lower end of the second heat exchange cylinder connect by third transverse slat with the lower end of third heat exchange cylinder, described the By cover plate for sealing triangular in shape, the inlet of cold air is located at the top of angle fillet, described for the upper end of three heat exchange cylinders Hot air outlet is connected with the air chamber that the first heat exchange cylinder and hot gas cavity wall are formed, the heat outlet and the second heat exchange cylinder The hot air cavity formed with third heat exchange cylinder connects;
The hot gas cavity wall, which is located at, to be placed between the first heat exchange cylinder and the second heat exchange cylinder, and between having with the second transverse slat Away from.
By said program, the asymmetry shovelling plate includes inclined surface and vertical plane, and one end of the inclined surface connects with first Fishplate bar connects, and the other end of the inclined surface and one end of vertical plane connect, the other end of the vertical plane and the second connecting plate Connection;First connecting plate and the second connecting plate are connect with inner wall of inner drum.
By said program, the minimum angle α that the inclined surface and vertical plane are formed is 37-44 °, the inclined surface with it is vertical The maximum angle β that face is formed is 49-55 °.
By said program, the inclined surface is 43 ° with the minimum angle α that vertical plane is formed, the inclined surface and vertical plane The maximum angle β of formation is 54 °
By said program, the bottom of the heat preservation outer barrel is equipped with ash collection slot.
By said program, it is equipped between the heat preservation outer barrel and inner roller and draws heat shield.
By said program, temperature sensor, the temperature sensor are equipped at the hot air outlet of the stalk combustion furance It is connect by data processing unit with the host computer, temperature sensor and humidity sensor, institute is equipped in the chilling roll It states temperature sensor and humidity sensor to connect with the host computer by data processing unit, the PC control stalk combustion The valve in the exit of valve, drying drum at the hot air outlet of burning stove, the valve in the exit of chilling roll.
By said program, the wireless transmission method uses Bluetooth transmission.
By said program, the drying drum, chilling roll are placed on the stent on trailer.
Drying drum in the present invention is a kind of new radial-flow type structure, and dry thermal medium is burnt by stalk combustion furance Afterwards, clean secondary hot-air(Hot-air)The inner roller of drying drum is diametrically passed through, is passed through inside grain, with grain Heat exchange is carried out, the moisture in paddy is taken away, achievees the purpose that dry.Radial direction hot wind advantageously forms turbulent flow simultaneously, carries significantly High gas heat exchanger effectiveness, significantly improves grain drying efficiency.It, will using double drum type structure and asymmetric shovelling plate structure Loading and unloading and grain drying are focused in a roller, effectively reduce drum length and volume, reduce manufacture cost, more sharp It is used in middle-size and small-size peasant household.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1st, the inner roller of drying drum is passed through using radial direction hot wind, solves the thermal efficiency in existing drum-type Grain Drying Process The problem of low, improves the drying efficiency and quality of grain;
2nd, there is grain in the inclined surface of asymmetry shovelling plate axial thrust load effect when roller rotates, and is pushed away while roller rotates Dynamic grain advances;In roller carries out Grain Drying Process, the vertical plane of asymmetric shovelling plate is contacted with grain, the rotation of roller Only shovelling plate is driven to raise grain, and be gradually dispersed on entire cylinder section, that is, spread into thermal current, increase grain and hot gas The contact area of stream, improves the drying efficiency of grain, and makes grain drying uniform;
3rd, accessory products-stalk during grain harvest is made full use of, the combustion of the fossil fuels such as coal is replaced by stalk It burns, not only reduces drying cost, and be effectively utilized resource and alleviate stalk and directly burn the caused wasting of resources And problem of environmental pollution;
4th, using multigroup Temperature Humidity Sensor, it can realize the automation control in Grain Drying Process, realize to grain The real-time monitoring of quality and quality are estimated in drying process, to ensure the quality after grain drying.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic three dimensional views of small-size dryer for grains of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of drying drum;
Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional views of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the internal structure schematic diagram of drying drum;
Fig. 5 is the schematic front view of asymmetric shovelling plate;
Fig. 6 is the schematic top plan view of asymmetric shovelling plate;
Fig. 7 is the elevational schematic view of asymmetric shovelling plate;
Fig. 8 is the structure diagram of stalk combustion furance;
Fig. 9 is the sectional view of stalk combustion furance;
Figure 10 is the structure diagram of stalk combustion furance combustion chamber;
Figure 11 is data transmission circuit figure;
Figure 12 is the work flow diagram of the present invention.
In figure:1st, feed hopper, 2, chilling roll, 3, stent, 4, drying drum, 5, stalk combustion furance, 6, trailer, 7, heat preservation Outer barrel, 8, closing set, 9, inner roller, 10, draw heat shield, 11, hot-wind inlet, 12, hot-blast outlet, 13, asymmetric shovelling plate, 14, Inclined surface, 15, vertical plane, 16, hot air outlet, 17, inlet of cold air, 18, ashes outlet, 20, hole, the 21, first connection Plate, 22, heat outlet, the 23, first heat exchange cylinder, the 24, first transverse slat, the 25, second heat exchange cylinder, the 26, second transverse slat, 27, Three heat exchange cylinders, 28, third transverse slat, 29, angle fillet, 30, hot gas cavity wall, 31, stalk feed inlet, 32, burning hall, 33, Second connecting plate.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Fig. 1-Figure 12, a kind of small-size dryer for grains, it includes feed hopper 1, drying drum 4, chilling roll 2, straw Stalk combustion furnace 5, discharge bucket, trailer 6, the feed hopper 1, drying drum 4, chilling roll 2, stalk combustion furance 5 and discharge bucket are put In on trailer, so that operating personnel move small-size dryer for grains, in order to easy for installation and facilitate the heat in stalk combustion furance 5 empty Gas enters drying drum 4, and the drying drum 4 and chilling roll 2 are placed on the stent 3 on trailer 6;
The feed hopper 1 is connect with the entrance of drying drum 4, the outlet of the drying drum 4 and the entrance of chilling roll 2 Connection, the outlet of the chilling roll 2 are connect with the discharge bucket, hot air outlet 16 and the drying of the stalk combustion furance 5 The hot-wind inlet 11 of roller 4 connects;
The drying drum 4 includes the heat preservation outer barrel 7 with hot-wind inlet 11 and hot-blast outlet 12, described to keep the temperature in outer barrel 7 Equipped with inner roller 9,9 inner wall of inner roller is circumferentially laid with asymmetric shovelling plate 13, and it is distinguished and admirable to be equipped with heat supply in the inner roller 9 Logical hole 20, the inner roller 9 and heat preservation outer barrel 7 are by closing 8 closing of set;In order to ensure grain and the good of hot-air connect It touches, heat preservation outer barrel 7 is designed to fixed by we, and inner roller 9 is designed to rotary structure(Inner roller 9 can connect with motor It connects, realizes spinfunction), after hot gas enters heat preservation outer barrel 7, by the 20 radial inflow inner roller 9 of hole in inner roller 9, Grain, as inner roller 9 rotates, is heated evenly in inner roller 9;Because grain is in rotary course, a large amount of ash can be generated, Ash collection slot for focusing on the dust in Grain Drying Process can be set in the bottom of heat preservation outer barrel 7, so as in the future clear Reason;In order to preferably utilize hot-air, setting heat shield 10 can be drawn between heat preservation outer barrel 7 and inner roller 9;
For the ease of grasping the drying regime of grain and ensuring the dry mass of grain, temperature can be set in inner roller 9 Sensor, humidity sensor and microprocessor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor by the data transfer of acquisition to microprocessor, Microprocessor uses wireless mode(In the preferred embodiment, using Bluetooth wireless transmission mode)Transfer data to host computer;
The stalk combustion furance 5 includes stalk feed inlet 31, and the stalk feed inlet 31 is connected with burning hall 32, described Burning hall 32 has ashes outlet 18, and the burning hall 32 is equipped with heat-exchanging chamber, and the heat-exchanging chamber is equipped with cold sky Gas import 17, heat outlet.
In order to realize good heat exchange, the hot gas in stalk combustion furance 5 is made to be fully used, it can be in heat-exchanging chamber Three heat exchange cylinders of interior setting, the lower end of the first heat exchange cylinder 23 is connected by the hot gas cavity wall 30 of the first transverse slat 24 and heat-exchanging chamber It connecing, the upper end of the first heat exchange cylinder 23 is connect by the second transverse slat 26 with the upper end of the second heat exchange cylinder 25, and described second The lower end of heat exchange cylinder 25 is connect by third transverse slat 28 with the lower end of third heat exchange cylinder 27, the third heat exchange cylinder 27 Upper end is sealed by angle fillet 29, and the inlet of cold air 17 is located at the top of angle fillet 29, and the hot-air goes out Mouth 16 is connected with the air chambers that the first heat exchange cylinder 23 and hot gas cavity wall 30 are formed, the 22 and second heat exchange cylinder of heat outlet 25 hot air cavities formed with third heat exchange cylinder 27 connect;The hot gas cavity wall 30 is placed in the first heat exchange cylinder 23 and the second heat is handed over Between creeling 25, and there is spacing with the second transverse slat 24.
In order to preferably make grain dry in drying drum 4, the asymmetry shovelling plate 13 is including inclined surface 14 and vertically Face 15, one end of the inclined surface 14 are connect with the first connecting plate 21, the other end of the inclined surface 14 and the one of vertical plane 15 End connection, the other end of the vertical plane 15 are connect with the second connecting plate 33;In order to which preferably asymmetric shovelling plate 13 is fixed on On drying drum 4,21 and second connecting plate 33 of the first connecting plate is connect with the inner wall of inner roller 9.In order to preferably reach Drying effect, the inclined surface 14 are 37-44 ° with the minimum angle α that vertical plane 15 is formed, the inclined surface 14 and vertical plane 15 The maximum angle β of formation is 49-55 °(In the preferred embodiment, the minimum angle that inclined surface 14 can be made to be formed with vertical plane 15 α is 43 °, and inclined surface 14 is 54 ° with the maximum angle β that vertical plane 15 is formed).
For better energy-saving and emission-reduction, temperature sensor can be set at the hot air outlet 16 of stalk combustion furance 5, the temperature Degree sensor is connect by data processing unit with the host computer;In order to reach good cooling effect and real time monitoring grain The cooling situation of food can set temperature sensor and humidity sensor, the temperature sensor and humidity sensor in chilling roll 2 Device is connect by data processing unit with the host computer, the valve at the hot air outlet 16 of PC control stalk combustion furance 5 Door open size and opening speed, the unlatching size of exit valve of drying drum 4, chilling roll 2 outlet valve open Size, the rotary speed of inner roller are opened, full automatic working is realized, referring specifically to Figure 12.
The heat preservation outer barrel 7 of the present invention is fixed, primarily serves heat preservation, guide functions, to improving the thermal efficiency and guiding heat Airflow function is apparent.Inner roller 9 is drying cylinder, is relatively rotated with heat preservation outer barrel 7, the barrel of inner roller 9 is evenly equipped with largely Aperture, for inner roller 9 for multiplying food of making tax payments in kind, hot-air passes through drying grain in aperture radial inflow inner roller 9.It is radially dry by interior It carries out outward, it is ensured that grain energy heated airflow effect in cylinder effectively increases the surface area of heat exchange, while unit volume cylinder Appearance flow vector also accordingly improve.Asymmetric shovelling plate 13 is evenly equipped in inner roller 9, plays a part of to stir and convey grain.To ensure The reliability of Radial Flow, we are designed between internal and external cylinder draws heat shield 10, gas to be guided to flow, ensures thermal current It is in controllable state.
Loading and unloading and grain drying are concentrated in same cylinder and completed by the present invention.The small inclination of shovelling plate is 43 °, high inclination-angle It it is 54 °, in roller loading and unloading, inclined surface 14 is contacted with grain, and vertical plane 15 has axial thrust load to grain when inner roller 9 rotates Effect, can push grain to advance while inner roller 9 rotates.Roller carry out Grain Drying Process in, vertical plane 15 with Grain contacts, and the rotation of inner roller 9 only drives asymmetric shovelling plate 13 to raise grain, and is gradually dispersed on entire cylinder section, It spreads into thermal current, for increasing the contact area of grain and thermal current, strengthens material and exchanged with the caloic of thermal current, promoted The efficient progress of drying process.
The heat-exchanging chamber in stalk combustion furance 5 in the present invention is formed by multi-layer circular laminating metal plate, wherein heat exchange Concentration zones increase heat exchanger effectiveness by increasing contact range, and there be continuous three layers of air heating layer in heat exchange concentration zones, make Cold-hot air convection, ensures hot and cold air sufficient heat exchange, and heat exchanger effectiveness is high and temperature is high after exchanging.
In the present invention, grain environment temperature residing when being dried chooses DS18B20 as temperature at+60 DEG C~+80 DEG C Sensor;The grain moisture to make moist is generally more than 40%, to achieve the effect that dry to need the humidity of grain dropping to 20% Hereinafter, the DHT11 and DHT21 that contain calibrated digital signal output are chosen as temperature sensor.By temperature and relative humidity and Microprocessor is provided entirely in inner roller 9, and the warm, wet of collected inner roller 9 is transmitted using HC-05 bluetooth radio modules Degrees of data, then signal is sent to host computer by bluetooth module.Host computer realized to the data processing received and feedback, Referring to Figure 11.
The present invention can be suitably used for vast middle-size and small-size peasant household because its is small, simple in structure, at low cost.Yin Qijie again Energy emission reduction, is suitable for being widely applied.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of small-size dryer for grains, it is characterised in that:It includes feed hopper, drying drum, chilling roll, straw burning Stove, discharge bucket, trailer, the feed hopper, drying drum, chilling roll, stalk combustion furance and discharge bucket are placed on trailer;
The entrance of the feed hopper and drying drum connects, and the outlet of the drying drum and the entrance of chilling roll connect, institute The outlet for stating chilling roll is connect with the discharge bucket, and the hot air outlet of the stalk combustion furance and the hot wind of drying drum enter Mouth connection;
The drying drum includes the heat preservation outer barrel with hot-wind inlet and hot-blast outlet, and inner roller is equipped in the heat preservation outer barrel, The inner wall of inner drum is circumferentially laid with asymmetric shovelling plate, and the hole of heat supply wind circulation, the interior rolling are equipped in the inner roller Cylinder and heat preservation outer barrel are by closing set closing;The heat preservation outer barrel is fixed, and the inner roller is rotatable;
Temperature sensor, humidity sensor and microprocessor are equipped in the inner roller, temperature sensor, humidity sensor will be adopted The data transfer of collection transfers data to host computer to microprocessor, microprocessor using wireless mode;
The stalk combustion furance includes stalk feed inlet, and the stalk feed inlet is connected with burning hall, and the burning hall is divided into There is ashes outlet, the burning one's parents are equipped with heat-exchanging chamber, and the heat-exchanging chamber is equipped with inlet of cold air, heat outlet;
The asymmetry shovelling plate includes inclined surface and vertical plane, and one end of the inclined surface is connect with the first connecting plate, described to incline The other end on inclined-plane and one end of vertical plane connect, and the other end of the vertical plane is connect with the second connecting plate;Described first connects Fishplate bar, the second connecting plate are connect with inner wall of inner drum;The inclined surface is 37-44 ° with the minimum angle α that vertical plane is formed, institute It is 49-55 ° that inclined surface, which is stated, with the maximum angle β that vertical plane is formed;
Temperature sensor is equipped at the hot air outlet of the stalk combustion furance, the temperature sensor passes through data processing unit It is connect with the host computer, is equipped with temperature sensor and humidity sensor in the chilling roll, the temperature sensor and wet Degree sensor is connect by data processing unit with the host computer, the hot air outlet of the PC control stalk combustion furance The valve at place, the valve in the exit of drying drum, chilling roll exit valve.
2. small-size dryer for grains as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Heat exchange there are three being set in the heat-exchanging chamber Cylinder, the lower end of the first heat exchange cylinder are connected by the hot gas cavity wall of the first transverse slat and heat-exchanging chamber, the first heat exchange cylinder Upper end is connect by the second transverse slat with the upper end of the second heat exchange cylinder, the lower end of the second heat exchange cylinder by third transverse slat with The lower end connection of third heat exchange cylinder, the upper end of the third heat exchange cylinder sealed by angle fillet, the cold air into The air chamber company that mouth is located at the top of angle fillet, the hot air outlet and the first heat exchange cylinder and hot gas cavity wall is formed Logical, the heat outlet is connected with the hot air cavity that the second heat exchange cylinder and third heat exchange cylinder are formed;
The hot gas cavity wall has spacing between the first heat exchange cylinder and the second heat exchange cylinder, and with the second transverse slat.
3. small-size dryer for grains as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:The bottom of the heat preservation outer barrel is equipped with collection ash Slot.
4. the small-size dryer for grains as described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that:Between the heat preservation outer barrel and inner roller Equipped with drawing heat shield.
CN201510171130.6A 2015-04-13 2015-04-13 Small-size dryer for grains Expired - Fee Related CN104719461B (en)

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CN106440704B (en) * 2016-11-20 2018-10-26 广西大学 A kind of field straw burning grain drying device
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