CN104717822A - Electron curtain accelerator and control method - Google Patents
Electron curtain accelerator and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104717822A CN104717822A CN201510146006.4A CN201510146006A CN104717822A CN 104717822 A CN104717822 A CN 104717822A CN 201510146006 A CN201510146006 A CN 201510146006A CN 104717822 A CN104717822 A CN 104717822A
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Abstract
The invention provides an electron curtain accelerator, and relates to the field of irradiation. The electron curtain accelerator comprises a negative electrode, a reflection electrode and a grid electrode, wherein converging electrodes are arranged on the outer side of the grid electrode and play a converging role on electrons diffused by the grid electrode. By means of the device, the converging electrodes are used for generating an electric field for converging the diffused electrons, so that the beam spot diffusion effect generated by an electron beam on a positive electrode is effectively reduced, the utilization rate of the electrons is increased, the pressure of a cooling system at the positive electrode is lowered, and the system efficiency of the electron curtain accelerator is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to irradiation devices field, particularly a kind of electrocurtain accelerator and control method.
Background technology
Electrocurtain accelerator is a kind of high-pressure type accelerator, does not have accelerating tube and scanning means, has that volume is little, neat appearance and a simple feature of structure.Being widely used of electrocurtain accelerator, is mainly used in desalinization, functional membrane preparation, the high-end product coating solidification such as building and ornament materials and audiotape, gas cleaning, and waste water treatment, thin type rubber and latex rubber radiation vulanization and medical material such as to prepare at the field.
Fig. 1 is the cross section schematic diagram of existing single filament structure electrical curtain accelerator, and 12 is single filament negative electrode, and Fig. 2 is the cross section schematic diagram of multi-filament structure electrical curtain accelerator, and 22 is multi-filament negative electrode.6 is anode, and 5 is titanium window.After electron beam leaves grid 3, may bombard on the tube wall outside titanium window 5 in vacuum chamber and cause the problems such as the decline of energy loss, vacuum degree, system effectiveness decline and cooling deficiency.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is the problem of the electron beam diffusion solving electrocurtain accelerator.
According to a method of the present invention, propose a kind of electrocurtain accelerator, comprise negative electrode, repellel and grid, in the outside of grid, there is convergence electrode, converge electrode pair through the electronics of dispersing of grid and produce convergence effect.
Further, converging electrode is the projection being positioned at grid both sides.
Further, projection has smooth surface.
Further, projection is convex structure.
Further, circular arc is semi arch, major arc or minor arc.
Further, the central shaft of circular arc is positioned at gate parallel on the extended line of cathode zone.
Further, projection is paraboloidal or inclined-plane shape.
Further, protruding height according to export the effective width of electronic beam current, the vacuum chamber of electrocurtain accelerator physical dimension and or the maximum field strength of electrostatic field require to obtain.
Further, smooth surface curvature according to export the effective width of electronic beam current, the vacuum chamber of electrocurtain accelerator physical dimension and or electrostatic field maximum field strength require obtain.
Such device, converges electrode and produces the electric field converging and disperse electronics, thus effective bundle spot diffusion effect reducing electron beam and produce on anode, improve the utilance of electronics, and reduce the pressure of anode place cooling system, improve the system effectiveness of electrocurtain accelerator.
According to another aspect of the present invention, propose a kind of electrocurtain accelerator, comprise negative electrode, repellel and grid, grid comprises control gate and dhield grid, the outside of dhield grid has projection, to produce convergence electric field, produces convergence effect to the electronics of dispersing through grid.
Further, projection has smooth surface.
Further, projection is convex structure
Further, circular arc is semi arch, major arc or minor arc.
Further, the central shaft of circular arc is positioned at gate parallel on the extended line of cathode zone.
Further, protruding height according to export the effective width of electronic beam current, the vacuum chamber of electrocurtain accelerator physical dimension and or the maximum field strength of electrostatic field require to obtain.
Further, smooth surface curvature according to export the effective width of electronic beam current, the vacuum chamber of electrocurtain accelerator physical dimension and or electrostatic field maximum field strength require obtain.
Further, circular arc radius according to export the effective width of electronic beam current, the vacuum chamber of electrocurtain accelerator physical dimension and or electrostatic field maximum field strength require obtain.
Such device, converges electrode and produces the electric field converging and disperse electronics, thus effective bundle spot diffusion effect reducing electron beam and produce on anode, improve the utilance of electronics, and reduce the pressure of anode place cooling system, improve the system effectiveness of electrocurtain accelerator.
According to a further aspect of the invention, also propose a kind of electrocurtain accelerator control method, produce outside the grid of electrocurtain accelerator and converge electric field, disperse electronics to converge through grid.
By such method, utilize and converge electric field and converge and disperse electronics through grid, thus effectively reduce the bundle spot diffusion effect that electron beam produces on anode, improve the utilance of electronics, and reduce the pressure of anode place cooling system, improve the system effectiveness of electrocurtain accelerator.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and form a application's part, schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic perspective view of a kind of electrocurtain accelerator structure in prior art.
Fig. 2 is the partial schematic diagram of a kind of electrocurtain accelerator in prior art.
Fig. 3 is the partial schematic diagram of another kind of electrocurtain accelerator in prior art.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of first embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the operation principle schematic diagram of an embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of second embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the 3rd embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the 4th embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the 5th embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the 6th embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the 7th embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the flow chart of an embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator control method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
The schematic diagram of an embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention as shown in Figure 3.Fig. 3 is the cross section of an embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator, and wherein, 2 is negative electrode, and negative electrode 2 can be negative high voltage filament, for dispersing electronics; 1 is repellel, moves to grid direction for accelerating electronics; 3 is grid, for evenly arriving the electronics of grid 3; 4 for converging electrode, for producing convergence effect to the electronics of dispersing through grid 3.Electron beam, after grid, can be dispersed to the periphery under the effect of space charge, and convergence electrode 4 changes the electric field between grid 3 and titanium window, converges the electronics dispersed.By such device, the bundle spot diffusion effect that electron beam produces on anode can be reduced, improve the utilance of electronics, and reduce the pressure of anode place cooling system, improve the system effectiveness of electrocurtain accelerator.
The schematic diagram of the operation principle of an embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention as shown in Figure 4.1 is repellel, and 2 is negative electrode, and 3 is grid, and 4 for converging electrode, in this embodiment, converges electrode 4 for the outside arc-shaped convex of grid 3.The movement locus of electronics as shown with 7.Under the effect of the grid 3 of both sides outwards in arc-shaped convex, equipotential lines as depicted in figure 8.Disperse electronics to converge under the effect of converging electrode, thus reduce the electrons spread that space electric field causes, improve the utilance of electronics, and reduce the pressure of anode place cooling system, improve the system effectiveness of electrocurtain accelerator.
Device in Fig. 4 schematic diagram, as a part for electrocurtain accelerator, as shown in Figure 5, forms electrocurtain accelerator.Main body 9 can be such as stainless steel column type cylinder, surrounds vacuum chamber.In the cross section of Fig. 5,1 is repellel, and 2 is negative electrode, and 3 is grid, and negative electrode is between repellel and grid, and grid 3 has the positive potential relative to negative electrode 2.Repellel 1, also known as suspension pole, is the negative potential electrode formed by the electronics of reception negative electrode 2 filament emission.Be photoelectrons slow field near repellel 1, negative electrode 2 launched and accelerates towards the direction of grid 3 after the photoelectrons slow of repellel motion.6 is anode, produces Accelerating electron field between grid 3 and anode 6, accelerates the motion of electronics anode.The electronics arriving anode 6 launches electrocurtain accelerator through titanium window 5.Electron beam is in the process through the motion of grid 3 anode 6, due to the effect of space electric field, diffusion effect can be there is, the bundle spot on anode 6 is caused to spread, position near electronics bombardment anode, cause the utilance of electron beam low, and the cooling system build-up of pressure near antianode 6, and easily cause the vacuum degree of vacuum chamber to decline.Converge electrode 4 and can produce convergence electric field, converge electric field and can offset the diffusion of space electric field to electron beam, thus reduce the bundle spot diffusion of electron beam on anode 6, improve the utilance of electron beam, reduce the pressure of cooling system.
The schematic diagram of an embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention as shown in Figure 6.In figure, the two ends outwardly convex of grid 3 is formed and converges electrode 64.Such grid structure can form the convergence electric field of electronics outside grid, thus electronics is dispersed in convergence.In addition, converge the part of electrode as grid, make electrocurtain accelerator structure simple, be easy to manufacture, be easy to location.
In one embodiment, the convergence electrode that grid 3 both sides outwardly convex is formed has smooth surface.The convergence electric field change that smooth surface is formed is level and smooth, different according to curvature, and the component intensity being parallel to titanium window direction of the convergence electric field of formation is different, is conducive to adjustment and converges electric field strength.
The schematic diagram of an embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention as shown in Figure 7.Wherein, the convergence electrode 74 that the two ends outwardly convex of grid 3 is formed is circular arc.The curved surface of circular arc is convenient to processing, can reduce arc-shaped surface electric field strength, and can homogenizing Electric Field Distribution.
In one embodiment, it can be semi arch, major arc, minor arc that the circular arc that grid two ends outwardly convex is formed converges electrode.According to required convergence electric field strength, and coordinate the shape of the vacuum chamber be connected with grid, adjustment circular arc angle, radius.
In one embodiment, the projection at grid two ends can be parabola shaped or inclined-plane shape.Protruding height can be adjusted according to the needs dispersing electronics convergence degree.
In one embodiment, the height of grid two ends projection, or the curvature of the smooth surface of projection according to export the effective width of electronic beam current, the vacuum chamber of electrocurtain accelerator physical dimension and or electrostatic field maximum field strength require obtain.The effect of converging electrode is the convergence electric field of a generation electron beam, and its pack effect needs to offset with the blooming effect of electrostatic field in vacuum chamber, otherwise easily occurs that electron beam focuses on or deficient focusing effect crossing of anode position.Electron beam effective width is wider, more needs the pack effect improving beam center region.Vacuum-chamber dimensions is larger, and the defocus effect of electrostatic field is larger, more needs the pack effect improving electron beam.But high-pressure metal apparent height or curvature become large corresponding electric field strength and increases, there will be high voltage arc phenomenon after aerial electric field of taking seriously reaches critical value, now will seriously change the distribution shape of electrostatic field, affect the movement locus of electron beam.Therefore consider the high voltage arc possibility of electrostatic field in vacuum chamber, need will converge electrode surface electric field controls in limit disruptive field intensity, as 10MV/m, below.In one embodiment, can by the mode of analogue simulation obtain suitable grid two ends projection shape and height or curvature.
Opposed central regions, grid both sides projection is larger, and the focusing effect of equipotential lines to both sides line is more obvious, stronger to the convergence effect of dispersing electronics.As shown in Figure 8, the tangential direction and the gate parallel that converge electrode 84 increase gradually in the angle being of cathode portion, and such gate shapes, its equipotential lines two ends are bent outwardly obviously, strong to the focussing force of both sides line.
The schematic diagram of an embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention as shown in Figure 9.Wherein, 1 is repellel, and 2 is negative electrode, and grid is divided into two parts, is first grid (control gate) 301 and second grid (dhield grid) 302 respectively.The electronic beam current intensity that first grid 301 control cathode 2 is launched, the electron beam by first grid 301 is carried out Homogenization Treatments by second grid 302.The two ends outwardly convex of second grid is formed and converges electrode 94.By such device, converge electrode and produce the electric field converging and disperse electronics, thus effective bundle spot diffusion effect reducing electron beam and produce on anode, improve the utilance of electronics, and reduce the pressure of anode place cooling system, improve the system effectiveness of electrocurtain accelerator.
In one embodiment, the projection that second grid 302 two ends are outside has smooth surface.The convergence electric field change of smooth surface formation is level and smooth, different according to curvature, and the component intensity being parallel to titanium window direction of the convergence electric field of formation is different, and what be conducive to adjustment convergence electric field disperses electronics convergence effect.
The schematic diagram of an embodiment of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention as shown in Figure 10.Wherein, the convergence electrode 104 that the two ends outwardly convex of second grid 302 is formed is circular arc.The curved surface of circular arc is convenient to processing, can reduce arc-shaped surface electric field strength, and can homogenizing Electric Field Distribution.
In one embodiment, it can be semi arch, major arc, minor arc that the circular arc that second grid 302 two ends outwardly convex is formed converges electrode.According to required convergence electric field strength, and coordinate the shape of the vacuum chamber be connected with grid, adjustment circular arc angle, radius.
In one embodiment, the projection at second grid 302 two ends can be parabola shaped or inclined-plane shape.Protruding height can be adjusted according to the needs dispersing electronics convergence degree.
In one embodiment, the height of second grid 302 two ends projection, or the curvature of the smooth surface of projection according to export the effective width of electronic beam current, the vacuum chamber of electrocurtain accelerator physical dimension and or electrostatic field maximum field strength require obtain.The effect of converging electrode is the convergence electric field of a generation electron beam, and its pack effect needs to offset with the blooming effect of electrostatic field in vacuum chamber, otherwise is easy to occur that electron beam focuses on or deficient focusing effect crossing of anode position.Electron beam effective width is wider, the corresponding increase of arc radius, needs the pack effect improving beam center region.Vacuum-chamber dimensions is larger, and the defocus effect of electrostatic field is larger, needs the pack effect improving electron beam.But high-pressure metal surface is increased or curvature becomes large then corresponding electric field strength increase, there will be high voltage arc phenomenon, now will seriously change the distribution shape of electrostatic field, affect the movement locus of electron beam after aerial electric field of taking seriously reaches critical value.Therefore consider the high voltage arc possibility of electrostatic field in vacuum chamber, need arc radius surface field to control in limit disruptive field intensity, as 10MV/m, below.In one embodiment, can by the mode of analogue simulation obtain suitable second grid two ends projection shape and height or curvature.
Opposed central regions, second grid both sides projection is larger, and the focusing effect of equipotential lines to both sides line is more obvious, stronger to the convergence effect of dispersing electronics.As shown in figure 11, tangent line and the gate parallel of the convergence electrode 114 of second grid 302 two ends outwardly convex increase gradually in the angle of cathode portion, the shape of such second grid 302, its equipotential lines two ends are bent outwardly obviously, strong to the focussing force of both sides line.
The flow chart of an embodiment of the control method of electrocurtain accelerator of the present invention as shown in figure 12.
In step 121, the electronics that negative electrode produces is through grid.
In step 122, produce outside grid and converge electric field, converge electric field and for the blooming effect of electron beam for offsetting electrostatic field in vacuum, converge and disperse electronics.
In step 123, the electron beam through grid focuses under the effect of converging electric field, thus reduces the diffusion of electron beam on anode.
By such method, utilize and converge electric field and converge and disperse electronics through grid, thus effectively reduce the bundle spot diffusion effect that electron beam produces on anode, improve the utilance of electronics, and reduce the pressure of anode place cooling system, improve the system effectiveness of electrocurtain accelerator.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit; Although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention or carry out equivalent replacement to portion of techniques feature; And not departing from the spirit of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the technical scheme scope of request of the present invention protection.
Claims (18)
1. an electrocurtain accelerator, comprises negative electrode, repellel and grid, it is characterized in that:
Have convergence electrode in the outside of described grid, described convergence electrode pair produces convergence effect through the electronics of dispersing of described grid.
2. electrocurtain accelerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described convergence electrode is the projection being positioned at described grid both sides.
3. electrocurtain accelerator according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described projection has smooth surface.
4. the electrocurtain accelerator according to Claims 2 or 3, is characterized in that, described projection is convex structure.
5. electrocurtain accelerator according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described circular arc is semi arch, major arc or minor arc.
6. the electrocurtain accelerator according to claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that, the central shaft of described circular arc is positioned at described gate parallel on the extended line of described cathode zone.
7. electrocurtain accelerator according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described projection is paraboloidal or inclined-plane shape.
8. electrocurtain accelerator according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the height of described projection requires to obtain according to exporting the effective width of electronic beam current, the physical dimension of the vacuum chamber of described electrocurtain accelerator and/or the maximum field strength of electrostatic field.
9. electrocurtain accelerator according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the curvature of described smooth surface requires to obtain according to exporting the effective width of electronic beam current, the physical dimension of the vacuum chamber of described electrocurtain accelerator and/or the maximum field strength of electrostatic field.
10. an electrocurtain accelerator, comprises negative electrode, repellel and grid, and described grid comprises control gate and dhield grid, it is characterized in that:
The outside of described dhield grid has projection, to produce convergence electric field, produces convergence effect to the electronics of dispersing through described grid.
11. electrocurtain accelerators according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described projection has smooth surface.
12. electrocurtain accelerators according to claim 10 or 11, it is characterized in that, described projection is convex structure.
13. electrocurtain accelerators according to claim 12, is characterized in that, described circular arc is semi arch, major arc or minor arc.
14. electrocurtain accelerators according to claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that, the central shaft of described circular arc is positioned at described gate parallel on the extended line of described cathode zone.
15. electrocurtain accelerators according to claim 10, is characterized in that, the height of described projection requires to obtain according to exporting the effective width of electronic beam current, the physical dimension of the vacuum chamber of described electrocurtain accelerator and/or the maximum field strength of electrostatic field.
16. electrocurtain accelerators according to claim 11, is characterized in that, the curvature of described smooth surface requires to obtain according to exporting the effective width of electronic beam current, the physical dimension of the vacuum chamber of described electrocurtain accelerator and/or the maximum field strength of electrostatic field.
17. electrocurtain accelerators according to claim 12, is characterized in that, the radius of described circular arc according to export the effective width of electronic beam current, the vacuum chamber of described electrocurtain accelerator physical dimension and or the maximum field strength of electrostatic field require to obtain.
18. 1 kinds of electrocurtain accelerator control methods, is characterized in that, produce and converge electric field, disperse electronics to converge through described grid outside the grid of described electrocurtain accelerator.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115529710A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-27 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Electron curtain accelerator |
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