CN104714273A - Low-attenuation and few-mode fiber - Google Patents
Low-attenuation and few-mode fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN104714273A CN104714273A CN201510146111.8A CN201510146111A CN104714273A CN 104714273 A CN104714273 A CN 104714273A CN 201510146111 A CN201510146111 A CN 201510146111A CN 104714273 A CN104714273 A CN 104714273A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-attenuation and few-mode fiber. A core layer has three layers and comprises three claddings from inside to outside; the relative refractive index difference delta 1 of a first core layer is 0.34%-0.45%, R1 ranges from 4.5 mu m to 7.5 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 2 of a second core layer is 0.20%-0.29%, R2ranges from8 mu m to 10 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 3 of a third core layer is 0.15%-0.24%, R3 ranges from 10 mu m to 13 mu m, the relative refractive index difference delta 4 of a first cladding is minus 0.02%-0.02%, R4 ranges from14 mu m to 18 mu m, the second cladding is a concave cladding, the relative refractive index difference delta 5 of the second cladding is minus 0.8%-minus 0.4%, R5 ranges from19 mu m to 31 mu m, and a third cladding is a pure quartz glass layer. According to the low-attenuation and few-mode fiber, four stable transmission modes are supported within 1550 nm, small DGD is provided, the process is simple, and the manufacturing is easy; at the same time, the low-attenuation and few-mode fiber has low attenuation and better bending resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre for optical fiber telecommunications system, the fibre core of this optical fiber has notch cuttype cross-section structure, it has lower difference modular group time delay (DGD), lower decay and good bending resistance in four patterns of 1550nm communication band support, belongs to technical field of optical fiber communication.
Background technology
Single-mode fiber due to its transfer rate fast, carry information capacity is large, and the advantages such as long transmission distance, are widely used among Networks of Fiber Communications.And in recent years, along with communication and the large demand of data service to capacity grow with each passing day, network bandwidth Rapid Expansion, the capacity of optical transport network is just progressively close to the shannon limit of simple optical fiber: 100Tb/s.The shannon limit that space division multiplexing and mould divide multiplex technique to break traditions, realizes the transmission of more high bandwidth, is the best method solving transmission capacity problem.Support the optical fiber of this multiplex technique and multi-core fiber and less fundamental mode optical fibre.Experiment shows, use less fundamental mode optical fibre in conjunction with MIMO technology can under more than one space-propagation mode signal transmission.And MIMO technology can intercoupling between compensation model, at receiving end, each spatial model is separated.US Patent No. 8948559, US8848285, US8837892, US8705922 and Chinese patent CN104067152, CN103946729 etc. propose the less fundamental mode optical fibre of parabolic type or step change type section, but they exist relative merits separately.The less fundamental mode optical fibre manufacturing process with step change type section is simple, be easy to realize producing in enormous quantities, but it has larger DGD usually, even up to several thousand ps/km[S.Matsuo, Y.Sasaki, I.Ishida, K.Takenaga, et al., " Recent Progress on Multi-Core Fiber and Few-Mode Fiber " OFC 2013, OM3I.3 (2013)].The less fundamental mode optical fibre of parabolic profile has more customized parameter thus makes the level that intermode crosstalk and DGD all reach very low, but its complicated process of preparation, alpha difficult parameters is accurately to control equably, and repeatability is not high.And refractive index profile just can cause the different segment length of optical fiber to locate the significant change of DGD along prefabricated rods minor fluctuations axially.In order to overcome the problems referred to above, need to invent a kind of less fundamental mode optical fibre, it has less DGD and can carry out repeatability preparation by simple technique.
On the other hand, along with further developing of Optical Amplification Technology, optical fiber telecommunications system is just towards the future development of more large transmission power and more longer transmission distance.As the important transmission medium in optical fiber telecommunications system, the correlated performance of optical fiber also must have further lifting, to meet the needs of optical fiber telecommunications system practical development.Decay and mode field diameter are the important performance index of two of single-mode fiber.The decay of optical fiber is less, and the transmission range of light signal in this medium is longer, and the non-relay distance of optical communication system is also longer, thus can significantly reduce relay station quantity, while raising reliability of communication system, construction and maintenance cost is significantly reduced; The mode field diameter of optical fiber is larger, and useful area is larger, then its nonlinear effect is more weak.Large effective area can suppress the nonlinear effects such as Self-phase modulation, four-wave mixing, Cross-phase Modulation effectively, ensures the transmission quality of high power light signal.Reduction decay and increase useful area can improve the Optical Signal To Noise Ratio in optical fiber telecommunications system effectively, the transmission range of further raising system and transmission quality.For single-mode fiber, the attenuation coefficient of optical fiber can represent with formula (1):
α＝R/λ
4+α
IR+α
IM+α
OH+α
UV+B (1)
Wherein R is rayleigh scattering coefficient, α
iR, α
iM, α
oH, α
uVrepresent infrared absorption respectively, defect decays, and OH absorbs, and uv absorption.In fiber optic materials, because certain unevenness much smaller than wavelength causes the scattering of light to form the scattering loss of optical fiber.Wherein Rayleigh scattering is one of three kinds of scattering mechanisms, is linear scattering (not producing the change of frequency).The feature of Rayleigh scattering is inversely proportional to the biquadratic of wavelength, and the loss caused by it is relevant with concentration with the kind of dopant material.For less fundamental mode optical fibre, the attenuation coefficient of each pattern can thought in optical fiber follows above-mentioned formula (1).
In the manufacture process of preform, following several method generally can be adopted to reduce optical fiber attenuation.Such as, adopt more highly purified starting material, improve production environment and equipment sealing property, reduce the probability that introduced contaminants is introduced.Or, adopt the prefabricated rods manufacturing process of larger external diameter, reduced the overall attenuation of optical fiber by the dilution effect of large size prefabricated rod.In addition, in optical fiber manufacturing processes, the coating processes of bare fibre surface coating is also the key factor affecting optical fiber attenuation performance.But, in the cost no matter theoretically or in actual fiber preparation and technology controlling and process, reduce the doping of optical fiber and the section optimizing optical fiber is the simplest and effectively reduces the method for optical fiber attenuation.In general, the concentration of dopant material is lower, then the loss caused by Rayleigh scattering is less.By optimizing sandwich layer diameter and mixing the parameters such as Funing tablet, not only can increase the useful area of single-mode fiber, and can to effectively reduce in optical fiber Rayleigh scattering etc. and cause loss, be a kind of method reducing optical fiber attenuation effectively reliably.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is that the deficiency overcoming the existence of above-mentioned prior art provides a kind of low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre, it had not only had less DGD (difference modular group time delay) but also technique is simply convenient to make, meanwhile, also there is lower decay and good bending resistance.
Introduce summary of the invention for convenience, be defined as follows term:
Prefabricated rods: the radial refractive index distribution be made up of sandwich layer and covering meets glass bar or the assembly that optical fiber designing requirement directly can be drawn into designed optical fiber;
Plug: the solid glass prefabricated component containing sandwich layer and part of clad;
Radius: the distance between this layer of outer boundary and central point;
Refractive index profile: optical fiber or the relation between preform (comprising plug) glass refraction and its radius;
Refractive index contrast:
N
iand n
0be respectively each refractive index of corresponding optical fiber each several part and the refractive index of pure silicon dioxide glass;
The contribution amount of fluorine (F): mix the relative index of refraction difference (Δ F) of fluorine (F) quartz glass relative to pure quartz glass, represents with this and mixes fluorine (F) amount;
The contribution amount of germanium (Ge): mix the relative index of refraction difference (Δ Ge) of germanium (Ge) quartz glass relative to pure quartz glass, represents with this and mixes germanium (Ge) amount;
OVD technique: the quartz glass preparing desired thickness by Outside Vapor deposition and sintering process;
VAD technique: the quartz glass preparing desired thickness with axial vapor deposition and sintering process;
APVD over cladding process: with high-frequency plasma flame, natural or synthetic quartz powder are founded the SiO preparing desired thickness in mandrel surface
2glass;
Bare fibre: refer to the glass fiber not containing coat in optical fiber.
The technical scheme that the problem that the present invention is the above-mentioned proposition of solution adopts is:
Include sandwich layer and covering, it is characterized in that described sandwich layer is three layers, sandwich layer has three layers of covering outward from inside to outside, in three layers of described sandwich layer cross-section structure, the refractive index contrast Δ 1 of the first sandwich layer is 0.34% ~ 0.45%, radius R 1 is 4.5 μm ~ 7.5 μm, the refractive index contrast Δ 2 of the second sandwich layer is 0.20% ~ 0.29%, radius R 2 is 8 μm ~ 10 μm, the refractive index contrast Δ 3 of the 3rd sandwich layer is 0.15% ~ 0.24%, radius R 3 is 10 μm ~ 13 μm, in described covering cross-section structure, first covering is closely around the inner cladding of sandwich layer, its refractive index contrast Δ 4 is-0.02% ~ 0.02%, radius R 4 is 14 μm ~ 18 μm, second covering is the covering that sink, closely around inner cladding, its refractive index contrast Δ 5 is-0.8% ~-0.4%, radius R 5 is 19 μm ~ 31 μm, triple clad is closely around the surrounding layer of sagging covering, for pure quartz glass layer.
By such scheme, described sandwich layer is notch cuttype, and refractive index contrast successively decreases from inside to outside.
By such scheme, described each sandwich layer is by the quartz glass mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge), or being mixed with the quartz glass composition of fluorine (F) and other adulterants, the contribution amount Δ F of sandwich layer fluorine (F) is-0.06% ± 0.02%.
By such scheme, described inner cladding is by the quartz glass mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge), or pure quartz glass composition; Described sagging covering is made up of the quartz glass mixing fluorine (F).
By such scheme, four stable transmission modes supported by described optical fiber at 1550nm wavelength place, be LP01, LP11, LP21 and LP02 respectively.
By such scheme, described LP01 pattern is more than or equal to 135 μm at the useful area of 1550nm wavelength place optical fiber
2; 22ps/km/nm is less than or equal at the dispersion values at 1550nm wavelength place.
By such scheme, described optical fiber is less than or equal to 3.5ps/m in the maximal value of the absolute value of the DGD at 1550nm wavelength place, is less than or equal to 1ps/m under optimum condition.
By such scheme, four patterns of described optical fiber are all less than or equal to 0.21dB/km at the attenuation coefficient at 1550nm wavelength place, are less than or equal to 0.20dB/km under optimum condition.
By such scheme, in described optical fiber, the cutoff wavelength of LP02 and LP21 pattern is greater than 1600nm, and the cutoff wavelength of LP12 or LP31 pattern is less than 1500nm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1. relative to the less fundamental mode optical fibre of Stepped-index section, and this optical fiber has lower DGD value, even can be suitable with the DGD value of graded index profile less fundamental mode optical fibre.The reason that this optical fiber has lower DGD compared with the less fundamental mode optical fibre of Stepped-index section is, its index distribution reduces along with the increase of core radius forms gradient.The speed propagated in a fiber relative to higher order mode and low step mode in step change type less fundamental mode optical fibre is the same but the path of passing by is different thus the time of reaching home different, though the path that the high price pattern in less fundamental mode optical fibre of the present invention is walked than low step mode is longer, but the refractive index of the outer sandwich layer of its process is less, therefore the velocity of propagation in this section in path is faster, thus higher order mode almost can reach terminal with low step mode simultaneously.As long as design radius and the refractive index value of each sandwich layer, DGD value even can be suitable with graded index profile less fundamental mode optical fibre.2., while there is lower DGD value, there is better simply preparation technology, its preparation technology and step change type less fundamental mode optical fibre basically identical, realize two-layer or three layers of sandwich layer easily through doping and the control of the number of plies, technology difficulty or cost can not be increased.3. four patterns of optical fiber of the present invention have lower decay, thus in primary transmission, can reduce the cost building associated base stations and other system equipments.Fade performance depends on the factor of following three aspects: the first, ladder reduce index distribution, make part mode distributions lower in refractive index, doping the second lower sandwich layer or the 3rd sandwich layer in, as shown in Figure 1.The decling phase of this part light is low many for step change type less fundamental mode optical fibre, contributes to reducing decay; The second, the while of in sandwich layer, doped with fluorine and germanium, the viscosity of core material is reduced, can mates the viscosity of sandwich layer and covering, thus the unrelieved stress of inside of optical fibre reduces further after wire drawing, be conducive to the fade performance improving optical fiber; 3rd, because sandwich layer doping F amount is less, thus the Ge amount of mixing reaching equal Δ also reduces, and the minimizing of impurity makes to decay and effectively reduces.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the normalization field pattern of less fundamental mode optical fibre in four patterns in 1550nm place of notch cuttype section of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the radial section schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.First sandwich layer of 00 corresponding optical fiber in figure, the second sandwich layer of 10 corresponding optical fiber, the 3rd sandwich layer of 20 corresponding optical fiber, the inner cladding of 30 corresponding optical fiber, the sagging covering of 40 corresponding optical fiber, the surrounding layer of 50 corresponding optical fiber.
Fig. 3 is the refractive index profile schematic diagram of low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The bare fibre of the present embodiment includes three layers of sandwich layer and three layers of covering, as shown in Figure 2.First sandwich layer 00, second sandwich layer 10 and the 3rd sandwich layer 20 by the quartz glass mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge), or are mixed with the quartz glass composition of fluorine and other adulterants, are prepared by PCVD technique; Be centered around outside sandwich layer and have three coverings.Inner cladding 30 is closely around sandwich layer, and the quartz glass that the fluorine (F) prepared by PCVD technique and germanium (Ge) are mixed altogether forms, or is made up of pure quartz glass.Sink covering 40 closely around inner cladding, and be made up of the quartz glass mixing fluorine (F), its refractive index contrast Δ 5 is less than other covering.Surrounding layer 50 is closely around the surrounding layer of sagging covering.This covering is pure quartz glass layer, and namely refractive index contrast is 0%.Fig. 3 gives the refractive index profile structural drawing of the present embodiment optical fiber.
The coat of the present embodiment optical fiber adopts double-coating coating process, and drawing speed is 1000-2000m/min, and the string diameter of optical fiber is 125 ± 0.7 μm.
According to the technical scheme of above-mentioned less fundamental mode optical fibre, design in the parameter of the scope interior focusing fibre of its defined, and manufacture plug by plug manufacturing process such as known PCVD technique, MCVD technique, OVD technique or VAD techniques according to the designing requirement of optical fiber, the manufacture of whole prefabricated rods is completed by over cladding process such as sleeve pipe technique, OVD technique or VAD techniques.
The refractive index profile of institute's drawing optical fiber uses NR-9200 equipment (EXFO) to test, the refractive index profile of optical fiber and the major parameter of dopant material as shown in table 1.
The Specifeca tion speeification of institute's drawing optical fiber is as shown in table 2.
Data show, according to the optical fiber manufactured by technical scheme of the present invention, it supports four stable transmission modes at 1550nm wavelength place, be LP01, LP11, LP21 and LP02 respectively.Wherein, LP01 pattern is greater than 135 μm at the useful area at 1550nm wavelength place
2; 22ps/km/nm is less than at the dispersion values at 1550nm place.This less fundamental mode optical fibre is less than or equal to 3.5ps/m in the maximal value of the absolute value of the DGD at 1550nm place, is less than or equal to 1ps/m under optimum condition.Four patterns are all less than or equal to 0.21dB/km at the attenuation coefficient at 1550nm wavelength place, are less than or equal to 0.20dB/km under optimum condition.The cutoff wavelength of LP02 and LP21 pattern is greater than 1600nm, and the cutoff wavelength of LP12 or LP31 pattern is less than 1500nm.
Table 1: the structure and material composition of the present embodiment less fundamental mode optical fibre
Table 2: the Specifeca tion speeification of the present embodiment less fundamental mode optical fibre
Claims (9)
1. a low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre, includes sandwich layer and covering, and it is characterized in that described sandwich layer is three layers, sandwich layer has three layers of covering outward from inside to outside, in three layers of described sandwich layer cross-section structure, the refractive index contrast Δ 1 of the first sandwich layer is 0.34% ~ 0.45%, radius R 1 is 4.5 μm ~ 7.5 μm, the refractive index contrast Δ 2 of the second sandwich layer is 0.20% ~ 0.29%, radius R 2 is 8 μm ~ 10 μm, the refractive index contrast Δ 3 of the 3rd sandwich layer is 0.15% ~ 0.24%, radius R 3 is 10 μm ~ 13 μm, in described covering cross-section structure, first covering is closely around the inner cladding of sandwich layer, its refractive index contrast Δ 4 is-0.02% ~ 0.02%, radius R 4 is 14 μm ~ 18 μm, second covering is the covering that sink, closely around inner cladding, its refractive index contrast Δ 5 is-0.8% ~-0.4%, radius R 5 is 19 μm ~ 31 μm, triple clad is closely around the surrounding layer of sagging covering, for pure quartz glass layer.
2., by low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described sandwich layer is notch cuttype, and refractive index contrast successively decreases from inside to outside.
3. by the low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that described each sandwich layer is by the quartz glass mixing fluorine and germanium, or be mixed with the quartz glass composition of fluorine and other adulterants, the contribution amount Δ F of sandwich layer fluorine is-0.06% ± 0.02%.
4., by low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described inner cladding is by the quartz glass mixing fluorine (F) and germanium (Ge), or pure quartz glass composition; Described sagging covering is made up of the quartz glass mixing fluorine (F).
5., by low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that four stable transmission modes supported by described optical fiber at 1550nm wavelength place, is LP01, LP11, LP21 and LP02 respectively.
6., by low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre according to claim 5, it is characterized in that described LP01 pattern is more than or equal to 135 μm at the useful area of 1550nm wavelength place optical fiber
2; 22ps/km/nm is less than or equal at the dispersion values at 1550nm wavelength place.
7., by low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre according to claim 5, it is characterized in that described optical fiber is less than or equal to 3.5ps/m in the maximal value of the absolute value of the DGD at 1550nm wavelength place.
8., by low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre according to claim 5, it is characterized in that four patterns of described optical fiber are all less than or equal to 0.21dB/km at the attenuation coefficient at 1550nm wavelength place.
9., by low decay less fundamental mode optical fibre according to claim 5, it is characterized in that the cutoff wavelength of LP02 and LP21 pattern in described optical fiber is greater than 1600nm, the cutoff wavelength of LP12 or LP31 pattern is less than 1500nm.
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| CN105372753A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-02 | 聊城大学 | Few-mode fiber with three circular cores |
| CN106125192A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-11-16 | 中天科技光纤有限公司 | A kind of ultra-low loss large effective area fiber and preparation technology thereof |
| CN106324749A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-11 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Few-mode optical fiber used for amplifier |
| CN106338793A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-18 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Few-mode fiber |
| CN106772786A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-31 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | A kind of less fundamental mode optical fibre for supporting multiple linear polarization patterns and orbital angular momentum pattern |
| CN107247304A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-10-13 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of ultralow decay less fundamental mode optical fibre for mode division multiplexing system |
| CN109725382A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-07 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of ultralow three rank OAM optical fiber of decaying low crosstalk weak coupling |
| CN112198587A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-08 | 北京邮电大学 | Multi-core few-mode optical fiber and method for determining parameters thereof |
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| CN107247304B (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2020-04-21 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Ultra-low attenuation few-mode optical fiber for mode division multiplexing system |
| CN109725382A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-07 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of ultralow three rank OAM optical fiber of decaying low crosstalk weak coupling |
| CN112198587A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-08 | 北京邮电大学 | Multi-core few-mode optical fiber and method for determining parameters thereof |
| CN112198587B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-12-31 | 北京邮电大学 | Multi-core few-mode optical fiber and method for determining parameters thereof |
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