CN104708283B - 一种真空轧制层状金属复合板的生产方法 - Google Patents

一种真空轧制层状金属复合板的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN104708283B
CN104708283B CN201510101367.7A CN201510101367A CN104708283B CN 104708283 B CN104708283 B CN 104708283B CN 201510101367 A CN201510101367 A CN 201510101367A CN 104708283 B CN104708283 B CN 104708283B
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cladding plate
composite
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vacuum
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CN104708283A (zh
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吕林
史航
史和生
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Jiangsu run state new material Group Co., Ltd.
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NANJING RUNBANG METAL CLAD MATERIAL CO Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/08Interconnection of layers by mechanical means

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Abstract

本发明专利提供一种真空轧制层状金属复合板的生产方法,通过基板、覆板下料—基板钻取盲孔和通孔—焊接过渡接头—焊接通气管—组对覆板—涂刷隔离剂—覆板四周封焊—坯料四周封焊—钻取真空孔—抽真空—轧制等步骤获得高性能层状复合板。采用过渡接头的方式将复合坯内的空间分为两个,即一个与外界相通的高温隔离剂所在的空间,使复合坯加热时隔离剂产生的气体及时排除,避免鼓包,提高覆层表面质量;一个为待复合面所在的真空空间,待复合面单独处于一个真空空间,加热和轧制过程不易被污染,避免产生边部不贴合。该方法组坯不需加热,高效节能环保,可生产出高结合强度的层状金属复合板。

Description

一种真空轧制层状金属复合板的生产方法
技术领域:
本发明专利涉及一种以不锈钢、钛合金和镍基合金为覆层金属,普碳钢、不锈钢为基层金属层状金属复合板的生产方法。
背景技术:
层状金属复合板是由两种或两种以上金属经复合而形成的一种新型材料,具备单层金属材料所不具有的物理、化学性能以及力学特性,满足高强度、高比刚度、抗疲劳性、尺寸稳定、耐磨、抗振等性能的要求,同时大大节省稀贵材料,降低成本,已广泛应用于化工、电力、机械、船舶、航空等领域。
目前,生产层状金属复合板主要是采用爆炸焊接、爆炸焊接+轧制或轧制的方法。其中爆炸焊接和爆炸焊接+轧制这两种生产方法对生态环境的破坏比较大,不利于节能环保。采用轧制的方法生产层状金属复合板是当前的发展趋势。轧制复合法是在强大的轧机压力作用下,使待复合两金属表面氧化层破碎,并在整个金属截面内产生塑形变形,洁净活化的新鲜金属在压力作用下形成平面状的冶金结合。轧制复合法的关键是防止待复合表面在加热或轧制时发生严重氧化,一旦发生氧化覆层金属与基层金属就不会产生结合,或者即使结合了其界面剪切强度也不高,没有使用价值。
中国发明专利200510033870.X(采用复合坯生产钎焊热轧金属复合板的方法)公开了一种生产金属复合板的方法,该方案将两张非待复合面涂上高温防粘剂对扣,在待复合面铺设隔离剂,并将对扣的覆板置于两块碳钢之间,在两碳钢之间焊接分隔板,再实施环边密封焊接,后在周边封焊圈上砖真空孔并焊接真空管,复合坯加热到400~450℃抽真空,封填孔口后实施热轧。这种工艺存在的不足之处是:抽真空需加热400~450℃,费时耗能;待复合面与高温防粘剂在同一个密封空间,复合坯在加热炉加热时高温防粘剂会产生有害气体污染待复合面,造成边部局部不贴合,同时,由于气体的存在坯料易产生鼓包,轧制时气体窜动破坏隔离剂,覆板表面易产生麻点或者凹坑缺陷影响覆板表面质量。
发明内容:
本发明专利的目的在于克服以上不足,将复合坯内部形成两个空间,即待复合面处于真空空间,覆板涂隔离剂的空间与大气相连。
本发明专利的具体方案是:
下料:取两块相同规格的基板1、2,取一块比基板小的覆板3,厚度不变另取一块比覆板3小的覆板4。
钻孔:在基板1上,垂直于待复合面钻取一个盲孔,并在基板1上钻取一个与盲孔相连的通孔。
过渡接头:焊接一块比盲孔尺寸小的过渡接头,使其与基板1待复合面平齐。
焊接透气管:在过渡接头上打一个通孔,并在通孔上焊接一个与覆板同材质的透气管。
组对覆板:对照过渡接头与基板1所在位置,将覆板3相应位置钻取一个通孔,用于将透气管穿过覆板3的通孔,使覆板3置于基板1上,之后将透气管与覆板3焊接,将多余的透气管去除,并在覆板3上涂刷隔离剂,最后将覆板4置于覆板3上,并将覆板4的四周密封焊于覆板3上。
封焊:将基板2置于覆板4上,在两基板之间焊接隔离挡板,并将四周密封焊接填满,后在密封焊缝上钻取一个真空孔。
抽真空:采用真空泵在室温下,通过真空孔抽取真空,后密封。
热轧:将制备的复合坯采用轧机轧制。
本发明的优点在于:组坯在常温下,不需加热,节能高效;待复合面单独处于一个真空空间,加热和轧制过程不易被污染,避免产生边部不贴合;隔离剂所处空间与大气相通,复合坯加热时隔离剂产生的气体及时排除,避免鼓包。
附图说明
图1是本发明专利组坯示意图;
图1中,1、下基板,2、上基板,3、下覆板,4、上覆板,5、过渡接头,6、透气管,7、高温隔离剂,8、环焊缝,9、隔离挡板,10、密封焊缝,11、真空孔,12、过渡接头与下基板焊缝,13、透气孔。
具体实施方式
实施例1
轧制1.2mm钛(TA2)与10mm钢(Q235B)复合板组坯,两块基板尺寸为100×1100×1600mm,一块TA2板尺寸12×1000×1500mm,一块TA2板尺寸12×980×1480mm。
1)在一块基板的一个角,距边部60~70mm处钻取一个Φ30±1mm的深50±5mm的盲孔,在基板宽度方向垂直于盲孔中心线钻取一个通孔,通孔直径为Φ10~20mm,通孔距待复合面25±5mm。
2)在盲孔上焊接一块TA2(1.2~2)mm+Q235B(15~20)mm,Φ26±1mm的过渡接头,在过渡接头中心钻取一个Φ10~20mm通孔,并焊接一根Φ10~20mm的TA2无缝管。
3)在相应的位置在12×1000×1500mmTA2钛板上钻取一个Φ10~20mm通孔,并穿过无缝TA2管等边放置于基板上,并将无缝TA2管与TA2钛板环焊,去除多余的无缝TA2管,后在钛板上涂刷隔离剂。
4)将另外一张钛板放置于已涂刷隔离剂的钛板上,距离钛板边部等距离,后将钛板四周搭接环焊密封。
5)将另外一块基板依次对扣于TA2钛板上,保证上下两块基板对齐,将隔离板靠着底层钛板焊接于两基板之间,后采用埋弧焊将四周密封焊接。
6)在透气一侧的横截面中心线处钻取一个Φ10~20mm真空孔,并抽取真空密封。
7)将复合坯料加热至850±50℃,进入轧机组,轧制到22.4±0.05mm,将四周多余金属切除,采用超声波探伤100%贴合,剪切强度为260MPa。
实施例2
轧制2mm不锈钢(304)与8mm钢(Q235B)复合板组坯,取两块基板尺寸为100×2100×2600mm,一块304尺寸25×2000×2500mm,一块304板尺寸25×1980×2480mm。
1)在一块基板的一个角,距边部60~70mm处钻取一个Φ30±1mm的深50±5mm的盲孔,在基板宽度方向垂直于盲孔中心线钻取一个通孔,通孔直径为Φ10~20mm,通孔距待复合面25±5mm。
2)在盲孔上焊接一块材质为Q235B,厚度15~20mm,Φ26±1mm的过渡接头,在过渡接头中心钻取一个Φ10~20mm通孔,并焊接一根Φ10~20mm的无缝钢管或者无缝不锈钢管。
3)在25×1980×1500mm304不锈钢板上相应的位置,钻取一个Φ10~20mm通孔,并穿过无缝钢管或者无缝不锈钢管等边放置于基板上,并将无缝钢管或者无缝不锈钢管与304不锈钢板环焊,去除多余的无缝钢管或者无缝不锈钢管,后在304不锈钢板上涂刷隔离剂。
4)将另外一张304不锈钢板放置于已涂刷隔离剂的304不锈钢板上,距304不锈钢板边部等距离,后将304不锈钢板四周搭接环焊密封。
5)将另外一块基板依次对扣于304不锈钢板上,保证上下两块基板对齐,将隔离板靠着底层304不锈钢板焊接于两基板之间,后采用埋弧焊将四周密封焊接。
6)在透气一侧的横截面中心线处钻取一个Φ10~20mm真空孔,并抽取真空密封。
7)将复合坯料加热至1200±50℃,进入轧机组,轧制到20±0.05mm,将四周多余金属切除,采用超声波探伤100%贴合,剪切强度为390MPa。

Claims (5)

1.一种真空轧制层状金属复合板的生产方法,其特征在于,它采取以下步骤:(1)取两块相同规格的基板,取一块比基板小的覆板作为下覆板,取一块比前述下覆板小的另一覆板作为上覆板;(2)取一块基板作为下基板,在下基板上,垂直于待复合面钻取一个盲孔,在盲孔垂直方向钻一个通孔作为透气孔;(3)在盲孔上焊接一个过渡接头,使其与下基板待复合面平齐;(4)在过渡接头上打一个通孔与透气孔相通,并在通孔上焊接透气管;(5)对照过渡接头与基板所在位置,将下覆板相应位置钻取一个通孔,使下覆板透过透气管置于基板上,在下覆板非待复合面涂刷隔离剂之后去除多余的透气管,最后将上覆板四周密封焊于下覆板上;(6)将上基板置于上覆板上,在两基板之间焊接隔离挡板,并将四周密封焊接填满;(7)在密封焊缝上钻取一个真空孔;(8)采用真空泵在室温下,通过真空孔抽取真空,后密封;(9)将制备的复合坯采用轧机轧制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空轧制层状金属复合板的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,覆板为不锈钢、钛合金和镍基合金的一种,所述基板为碳钢或低合金钢的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空轧制层状金属复合板的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,覆板的材料为钛合金时,过渡接头为钛/钢复合板;覆板的材料为不锈钢或镍基合金时,过渡接头为碳钢材质。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空轧制层状金属复合板的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中,透气管的材质为无缝钛合金、不锈钢或镍基合金的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空轧制层状金属复合板的生产方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中,下覆板尺寸大于上覆板10~20mm,沿上覆板的边缘搭接封焊在下覆板上。
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