CN104700697A - Simulation system of human respiratory tract - Google Patents

Simulation system of human respiratory tract Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104700697A
CN104700697A CN201510116132.5A CN201510116132A CN104700697A CN 104700697 A CN104700697 A CN 104700697A CN 201510116132 A CN201510116132 A CN 201510116132A CN 104700697 A CN104700697 A CN 104700697A
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signal
butterfly valve
simulated
lung
simulated lung
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CN104700697B (en
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罗语溪
候倩
蒋庆
梁九兴
李嘉权
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Jiangsu Huirespiratory Medical Technology Co ltd
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Sun Yat Sen University
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    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/288Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for artificial respiration or heart massage

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  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a simulation system of a human respiratory tract. The simulation system comprises a multi-channel sleep detector, a signal receiving and processing device, an elastic seal adjustable butterfly valve, a butterfly valve electric actuating mechanism, a simulated lung, a simulated lung electric actuating mechanism, a simulated respiratory tract and a breathing machine to be tested. According to the simulation system provided by the invention, true human signals acquired by the multi-channel sleep detector are used for carrying out input control, and a breathing system can be personated better, therefore a central sleep respiration event and a obstructive sleep respiration event can be simulated respectively, and a mixed sleep respiration event can be reflected; meanwhile, a pipeline provided with the adjustable butterfly valve is taken as a simulated air path, under-jaw myoelectricity is taken as the input of the adjustable butterfly valve, and the opening degree of the butterfly valve is controlled to simulate the collapse degree of the air way, therefore a true human sleep respiration event can be precisely input to a breathing machine, and the online adjustment of the collapse degree of an upper air way can be realized; furthermore, the true human sleep respiration event can be simulated to effectively test and design the responding speed and precision of the breathing event by the breathing machine, therefore the research and development period can be shortened, and the capacity of the breather can be improved.

Description

A kind of human respiratory tract's analogue system
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of medical instruments, specifically relate to a kind of human respiratory tract's analogue system.
Background technology
In lung ventilator field tests, test lung ventilator, to the pressure-responsive of respiration case, improves respirator treatment effect to be absolutely necessary a step to adjust lung ventilator output pressure in time.
Sleep Apnea-hypopnea Syndrome (Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome, SAHS) incidence of disease progressively rises in recent years, refers to apnea recurrent exerbation more than 30 times or apnea hypopnea indexes (AHI) >=5 time/hour with the clinical symptoms such as drowsiness in sleep procedure every night.Its region of disease is divided into maincenter type (CSAS), obstructive type (OSAS) and mixed type (MSAS) three kinds.There is snoring when this disease can cause patient sleeps and with apnea and/or hypopnea (low ventilation), suppress the symptoms such as awake, Excessive daytime sleepiness and nighttime sleep structural failure, in addition also may cause or increase the weight of the diseases such as pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, respiratory failure, hypertension, arrhythmia cordis, cerebral apoplexy.SAHS greatly have impact on the quality of life of patient, is the disease be familiar with by people gradually in recent years and paid attention to.
In SAHS, respiration case comprises:
1) CA, and controls to breathe brainsystem dysfunction is relevant, instead of the obstruction of air flue, and epithelium healing airless is greater than 10s by the time, moves without chest abdominal respiration;
2) obstructive apnea is due to the upper respiratory tract, especially nose and pharynx nasalis, oropharynx and soft palate position and root of the tongue portion occur narrow, subside, block and cause;
3) old-execute breathing, also known as cheyne-stokes respiration, symptom breathes to speed gradually and weaken gradually to slow down alternately to occur with apnea, and each cycle is about 45s-3min.All can occur in anoxic, sleep, brain-stem injury, exhaustion situation, main cause is that lung-Brain circlulation time lengthening and respiratory center feedback gain increase;
4) low ventilation event, refer to respiratory air flow reduce amplitude exceed more than 50% of air-flow, and with more than 4% blood oxygen saturationdecline.
Wherein, obstructive apnea and low ventilation event caused because epithelium healing muscle subsides, and epithelium healing neuromuscular function is subject to various factors, as age, sex, the damage of epithelium healing Muscular pathology, lung volume, Respiratory control and awakening reflection etc.Confirmed that lower jaw myoelectricity can react epithelium healing function and epithelium healing muscle activity well, especially genioglossus is active, and genioglossus activity significantly reduces when apnea is initial, obviously raises at the end of apnea, thus terminates respiration case.
The pressure-responsive of lung ventilator to respiration case is one of lung ventilator important performance, this function can adjust output pressure in real time according to the increase of respiration case number of times or minimizing, whether the result for the treatment of determining lung ventilator whether good and patient is experienced comfortable, and can prevent and treat the hidden danger such as lung ventilator misalignment, fault and threaten patient safety.
The pressure-responsive test macro of existing lung ventilator to respiration case mostly is and uses simulated lung to simulate human body respiration, and simulated lung is divided into passive simulation lung and active simulated lung.
Present domestic common lung ventilator test macro is passive simulation lung.Passive simulation lung passive delivery, general employing double plate airbag structure, air bag can be changed, to simulate different tidal volumes.The elasticity of clamping plate can regulate, with the compliance of simulated lung.Utilize ball valve simulated respiration road resistance, can set screw simulation pipeline gas leakage situation.This simulated lung structure is simple, and cost is low, but cannot the spontaneous breathing state of simulated patient, cannot test, evaluate lung ventilator.
The initiatively dynamic original paper of simulated lung, simulation various respiratory state that can be autonomous, its basic comprising has two parts: execution unit and passive components.Passive components, under execution unit drives, produces and meets physiology, the respiratory flow of pathological characters, pressure signal.The simulated lung of existing three kinds of main Types:
1) air bag spring structure, representative is the TTL type initiatively simulated lung that Michigan instrument company of the U.S. produces, and adopts two air bag simulated dual lungs, each air bag has loading spring (compliance original paper), with the two lung compliance of simulated lung.Resistance of respiratory tract realizes by changing the pipeline with different Resistance Value.Execution unit can adopt and drive lung ventilator or flow generator; Autonomous respiration and passive breathing can be simulated;
2) case-bellows structure, the air bag with certain compliance is arranged on rigid box inside, and bag volume is less than casing, has certain space therebetween for simulating pleural cavity; Resistance of respiratory tract realizes by changing the pipeline with different Resistance Value; But execution unit high-pressure injection air-flow, function generator or vacuum pump; Autonomous respiration and passive breathing can be simulated;
3) piston structure, piston and cylinder body form a confined space, and piston moves under the drive of execution unit, confined space are shunk or expansion, produce flow and pressure signal; A resistance valve therein simulation automatically controlled is applied in resistance of respiratory tract, and Resistance Value can on-line control; Simulate passive breathing more difficult.
In addition, be simulation obstructive type apnea or low ventilation event, generally between simulated lung and tested lung ventilator, access the flexible pipe that can subside, carry out simulated respiration by hose clamp and suspend or low ventilation event.
Above method mainly contains following shortcoming:
1) more the execution unit of active simulated lung, adopt function generator, signal generator etc. to carry out simulating respiratory movement, do not use real human body signal as input, with the true respiratory movement of human body gap to some extent, can not reflect the diversity of human body respiration event;
2) most of active simulated lung uses the pipeline of different airway resistance to simulate air flue, can not on-line control airway resistance; And the simulation to Airway Collapse, the method that the subsided flexible pipe used and hose clamp simulated respiration suspend is Non-follow control, cannot accurately determine Airway Collapse degree, and can not to subside degree and the number of times that subsides by on-line tuning epithelium healing, can not be controlled by real human body signal simultaneously, therefore the apnea caused Airway Collapse and the simulation of low ventilation event, with truth gap to some extent;
3) above-mentioned in the analog form of respiratory system, clearly do not distinguish CA and obstructive type apnea, and all use simulated lung simulating respiratory movement, use different resistance pipeline or hose clamp simulated respiration event, so CA time and obstructive type apnea time cannot be distinguished, and some CAs and the simultaneous respiration case of obstructive type apnea cannot be characterized.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for above-mentioned existing problems and deficiency, the real human body signal providing a kind of PSG of employing to gather carries out input control, better respiratory system can be personalized, epithelium healing can be realized to subside the on-line control of degree, central sleep respiration case and obstructive sleep respiratory event can be simulated respectively again, also can reflect human respiratory tract's analogue system of mixed type sleep-respiratory event simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Human respiratory tract's analogue system of the present invention, be characterized in comprising and lead sleep detection instrument more, Signal reception and treating apparatus, the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal, butterfly valve electric operator, simulated lung, simulated lung electric operator, simulation air flue and lung ventilator to be tested, wherein said sleep detection instrument of leading for gathering chest abdominal belt breath signal and lower jaw electromyographic signal and being received and treating apparatus by the signal input signal collected more, described Signal reception and treating apparatus flow to butterfly valve electric operator by after the lower jaw electromyographic signal process received, described butterfly valve electric operator controls the opening and closing degree of the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal to regulate simulation airway resistance and simulation air flue output gas flow of gas according to the signal magnitude of input, simulated lung electric operator is flowed to after the chest abdominal belt breath signal received is converted to the control signal of simulated lung by described Signal reception and treating apparatus simultaneously, described simulated lung electric operator regulates respiratory rate and the tidal volume of simulated lung according to the control signal of input, the air-flow that described simulated lung exports after regulating is input to lung ventilator to be tested after sequentially flowing through simulation air flue and the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal.
In order to the input making chest abdominal belt breath signal can be effective as initiatively simulated lung, the control signal of above-mentioned simulated lung is superposed by formula signal=k* (1.3Tho+Abd) in Signal reception and treating apparatus by pectoral girdle breath signal and abdominal belt breath signal to be formed, wherein k is constant, different because of human body different situations, Tho represents pectoral girdle breath signal, Abd represents abdominal belt breath signal, and signal is the control signal of the simulated lung calculated.
In order to the input range enabling lower jaw electromyographic signal meet butterfly valve electric operator, the range of signal that above-mentioned lower jaw electromyographic signal exports after treatment is 4 ~ 20mA.
In order to the reception and process that make signal are convenient, above-mentioned Signal reception and treating apparatus are PC or other calculation element.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, employ the real human body signal (chest abdominal belt breath signal and lower jaw electromyographic signal) of leading the collection of sleep detection instrument more and carry out input control, better respiratory system can be personalized, thus can reduce better human body respiration motion and respiration case, reach and both can simulate central sleep respiration case and obstructive sleep respiratory event respectively, also can reflect the object of mixed type sleep-respiratory event;
2, the pipeline of being furnished with adjustable butterfly valve is employed as simulation air flue, Airway Collapse degree is simulated by butterfly valve opening and closing degree, and use lower jaw myoelectricity as the input of adjustable butterfly valve, control butterfly valve opening and closing degree, thus more accurately respiration case can be inputed to lung ventilator, and have effectively achieved epithelium healing and to subside the on-line control of degree;
3, propose a kind of complete respiratory system model, by Reality simulation sleep quality respiration case, can effectively test and design lung ventilator to the response speed of respiration case and precision, to shorten the R&D cycle, and improve lung ventilator performance.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is block diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, human respiratory tract's analogue system of the present invention, comprise and lead sleep detection instrument (PSG) more, Signal reception and treating apparatus, the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal, butterfly valve electric operator, simulated lung, simulated lung electric operator, simulation air flue and lung ventilator to be tested, wherein said sleep detection instrument of leading for gathering chest abdominal belt breath signal and lower jaw electromyographic signal and being received and treating apparatus by the signal input signal collected more, described Signal reception and treating apparatus flow to butterfly valve electric operator by after the lower jaw electromyographic signal process received, described butterfly valve electric operator controls the opening and closing degree of the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal to regulate simulation airway resistance and simulation air flue output gas flow of gas according to the signal magnitude of input, simulated lung electric operator is flowed to after the chest abdominal belt breath signal received is converted to the control signal of simulated lung by described Signal reception and treating apparatus simultaneously, described simulated lung electric operator regulates respiratory rate and the tidal volume of simulated lung according to the control signal of input, described simulated lung for simulate pulmonary movements and through regulate after export air-flow sequentially flow through simulation air flue and the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal after be input to lung ventilator to be tested.In order to the input making chest abdominal belt breath signal can be effective as initiatively simulated lung, the control signal of described simulated lung is superposed by formula signal=k* (1.3Tho+Abd) in Signal reception and treating apparatus by pectoral girdle breath signal and abdominal belt breath signal to be formed, wherein k is constant, different because of human body different situations, Tho represents pectoral girdle breath signal, Abd represents abdominal belt breath signal, and signal is the control signal of the simulated lung calculated.In order to the input range enabling lower jaw electromyographic signal meet butterfly valve electric operator, the range of signal that described lower jaw electromyographic signal exports after treatment is 4 ~ 20mA.In order to the reception and process that make signal are convenient, described Signal reception and treating apparatus are PC or other calculation element.
Workflow of the present invention is:
To receive and after treating apparatus by leading lower jaw electromyographic signal input signal that sleep detection instrument collects more, Signal reception and treating apparatus amplify and range-adjusting in proportion to signal, it is made to meet the input range of butterfly valve electric operator: 4 ~ 20mA, butterfly valve electric operator will carry out action according to control signal size, the valve of the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal is made to reach corresponding degree, wherein valve full cut-off during input 4mA, valve wide open during input 20mA.Due to when apnea is initial, lower jaw EMG activity significantly reduces, show that respiration case starts, at the end of apnea, lower jaw EMG activity obviously raises, show that respiration case terminates, so need amplify former lower jaw electromyographic signal and adjust in the processing procedure of Signal reception and treating apparatus, the corresponding output valve of the lower jaw myoelectricity value when obstructive type apnea is initial is made to be 4mA, the corresponding output valve of lower jaw myoelectricity value during normal respiration or at the end of respiration case is 20mA, carry out by-pass valve control in signal magnitude ratio and close degree, thus can according to lower jaw EMG activity change adjustment airway resistance, reach the object of simulation obstructive apnea and low ventilation event.Butterfly valve electric operator controls the opening and closing degree of the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal according to input signal size, when the maximum lower jaw myoelectricity of input, when being normal respiration lower jaw myoelectricity value, butterfly valve standard-sized sheet, when the minimum lower jaw myoelectricity value of input, namely apnea occur time lower jaw myoelectricity value time, butterfly valve full cut-off, to regulate simulation airway resistance and air flue output gas flow of gas, thus in order to simulate the throughput change under different Airway Collapse degree, analog low-pass gas event and obstructive apnea event.
By the input leading chest abdominal belt breath signal that sleep detection instrument collects more and can be used as initiatively simulated lung, but the two just can be used as initiatively simulated lung input after needing to superpose, signal=k* (1.3Tho+Abd) can be adopted to superpose in Signal reception and treating apparatus, wherein k is constant, different because of human body different situations, Tho represents pectoral girdle breath signal, Abd represents abdominal belt breath signal, signal is the control signal of the simulated lung calculated, the control signal of simulated lung is used for control simulation lung electric operator, simulated lung electric operator drives simulated lung, breath signal is inputed to simulated lung, regulate the respiratory rate of simulated lung, the respiration parameters such as tidal volume, thus the true respiratory movement of simulation human body, and the CA event without the motion of chest abdominal respiration that the brain centres obstacle can simulated because controlling to breathe causes.
The output gas flow of simulated lung is input in lung ventilator to be tested after sequentially flowing through and simulating air flue and adjustable butterfly valve, wherein simulated lung can simulate the motion of chest abdominal respiration and CA time, and the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal can simulate the obstructive sleep respiration case subsiding caused by epithelium healing.
This system can be simulated respectively: simple centric sleep apnea time, simple obstructive sleep apnea event, mixed type sleep apnea time, low ventilation event, cheyne-Stokes respiration event etc., respiratory system is personalized more, thus detects lung ventilator more accurately to the pressure-responsive of sleep-respiratory event.
The present invention is described by embodiment, but the present invention is not construed as limiting, with reference to description of the invention, other changes of the disclosed embodiments, as the professional person for this area easily expects, such change should belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention restriction.

Claims (4)

1. human respiratory tract's analogue system, it is characterized in that comprising and lead sleep detection instrument more, Signal reception and treating apparatus, the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal, butterfly valve electric operator, simulated lung, simulated lung electric operator, simulation air flue and lung ventilator to be tested, wherein said sleep detection instrument of leading for gathering chest abdominal belt breath signal and lower jaw electromyographic signal and being received and treating apparatus by the signal input signal collected more, described Signal reception and treating apparatus flow to butterfly valve electric operator by after the lower jaw electromyographic signal process received, described butterfly valve electric operator controls the opening and closing degree of the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal to regulate simulation airway resistance and simulation air flue output gas flow of gas according to the signal magnitude of input, simulated lung electric operator is flowed to after the chest abdominal belt breath signal received is converted to the control signal of simulated lung by described Signal reception and treating apparatus simultaneously, described simulated lung electric operator regulates respiratory rate and the tidal volume of simulated lung according to the control signal of input, the air-flow that described simulated lung exports after regulating is input to lung ventilator to be tested after sequentially flowing through simulation air flue and the adjustable butterfly valve of resilient seal.
2. human respiratory tract's analogue system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the control signal of above-mentioned simulated lung is superposed by formula signal=k* (1.3Tho+Abd) in Signal reception and treating apparatus by pectoral girdle breath signal and abdominal belt breath signal to be formed, wherein k is constant, different because of human body different situations, Tho represents pectoral girdle breath signal, Abd represents abdominal belt breath signal, and signal is the control signal of the simulated lung calculated.
3. human respiratory tract's analogue system according to claim 1, is characterized in that the range of signal that above-mentioned lower jaw electromyographic signal exports after treatment is 4 ~ 20mA.
4. human respiratory tract's analogue system according to claim 1, is characterized in that above-mentioned Signal reception and treating apparatus are PC or other calculation element.
CN201510116132.5A 2015-03-17 2015-03-17 Simulation system of human respiratory tract Expired - Fee Related CN104700697B (en)

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Cited By (5)

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CN105894933A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-08-24 镇江市第四人民医院 Multifunctional airflow cabin simulating human respiratory system
CN109074755A (en) * 2016-04-06 2018-12-21 皇家飞利浦有限公司 For making it possible to analyze the method, apparatus and system of the performance of vital sign detector
CN111279405A (en) * 2017-10-26 2020-06-12 Iee国际电子工程股份公司 Method and system for respiratory monitoring
CN113974577A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-01-28 南京阳图医疗科技有限公司 Performance detection device of multi-guide sleep monitor
CN114216712A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-03-22 深圳先进技术研究院 Mechanical ventilation man-machine asynchronous data acquisition method, detection method and equipment

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CN103330982A (en) * 2013-07-08 2013-10-02 北京航空航天大学 Test lung with self learning function
CN203480750U (en) * 2013-07-25 2014-03-12 中山大学 Device for simulating spontaneous respiratory movement of human lung
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CN109074755A (en) * 2016-04-06 2018-12-21 皇家飞利浦有限公司 For making it possible to analyze the method, apparatus and system of the performance of vital sign detector
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CN114216712A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-03-22 深圳先进技术研究院 Mechanical ventilation man-machine asynchronous data acquisition method, detection method and equipment
CN114216712B (en) * 2021-12-15 2024-03-08 深圳先进技术研究院 Mechanical ventilation man-machine asynchronous data acquisition method, detection method and equipment thereof
CN113974577A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-01-28 南京阳图医疗科技有限公司 Performance detection device of multi-guide sleep monitor
CN113974577B (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-11 南京阳图医疗科技有限公司 Performance detection device of multi-guide sleep monitor

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