CN104662236A - 墙壁元件 - Google Patents

墙壁元件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104662236A
CN104662236A CN201380034270.8A CN201380034270A CN104662236A CN 104662236 A CN104662236 A CN 104662236A CN 201380034270 A CN201380034270 A CN 201380034270A CN 104662236 A CN104662236 A CN 104662236A
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wall
thin slice
thickness
sandwich layer
element according
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安娜-莱娜·基尔
彼得·克劳克
奥利弗·克莱因施密特
托比亚斯·莱韦
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/072—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/077—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0866—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels or layered panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/12—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of metal or with an outer layer of metal or enameled metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/06—Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/108—Rockwool fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2103/00—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like
    • E04B2103/06—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like of metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
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    • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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Abstract

本发明涉及墙壁元件(1)，特别用于建筑外墙的覆盖层。该墙壁元件(1，1')是由夹心状复合材料组成，所述夹心状复合材料是由金属薄片(2.1、2.2)和被设置在所述薄片之间的至少一个芯层(2.3)构成的。由此该墙壁元件对健康无害、相对轻量化并且稳定而且具有长的使用寿命，并且可以被相对成本经济地生产。根据本发明，芯层(2.3)是由耐温高达600℃的含纤维的密封材料形成的，所述芯层(2.3)的厚度厚达2.0毫米。

Description

墙壁元件
技术领域
本发明涉及墙壁元件特别是用于建筑外墙的覆盖层，其由夹心状复合材料组成，该复合材料是由金属薄片和被设置在该薄片之间的至少一个芯层构成。
背景技术
使用防腐蚀或耐腐蚀的金属片作为建筑外墙的覆盖层在很长时间以来是已知的。为此目的，传统上例如由梯形、箱式或波纹型材的形式的热镀锌钢带制造的大面积的金属片被紧固安装在用于外墙的覆盖层上和/或被直接紧固到建筑物外墙。然而，标准的即单层金属片既不能提供令人满意的隔热也不能提供令人满意的坚固的隔音性能。
进一步，形成金属壁板作为夹芯板以便特别是使得所述夹芯板具有改进的热绝缘性能是已知的。为此目的，夹心状复合材料被生产，其是由金属薄片和泡沫芯层组成。为了生产该复合材料，该薄片通常被泡沫背衬。
DE2508353 A1披露了低燃烧性的复合面板，其包括薄片状的金属-塑料-金属复合材料。这种复合材料的金属层是由耐腐蚀金属片组成或者提供有至少一种抗腐蚀涂层。被设置在金属层之间的塑料层是由含有精细分布形式的无机添加剂的塑料形成的。此外，粘合塑料到薄层的粘合剂层被提供，并且该粘合剂层在升高的温度下具有高强度并且由此确保剪切力的传递。塑料层优选地由热塑性材料组成。这种已知的复合材料，其在建筑行业被提供用于内部完善和外立面覆盖层，尽管根据DIN4102实施建材类B1到A2的要求，该复合材料具有如下缺点，即其含有根据GHS标准危害健康的成分。特别是在封闭的空间里，在发生火灾的情况下，处于或者被包围在这些空间里的人也会被暴露在对人体有害的额外影响下，该情况应该被排除。
发明内容
从这一点出发，本发明所基于的目的是提供在引言中所提到的墙壁元件，其对健康是无害的、相对轻便的和稳定的，并且具有长的使用寿命并且因而可以被相对经济有效地产生。
为了实现该目的，提供了具有权利要求1的特征的墙壁元件。
根据本发明的墙壁元件是由夹心状的复合材料制造的，该复合材料是由金属薄片和被设置在该薄片之间的至少一个芯层构成的。根据本发明，芯层在此情况下是由耐温高达至少600℃、芯层的厚度高达2.0mm的含有光纤的密封材料形成的。
除了耐热性，同时具有良好的隔热性，与已知的塑料的芯层例如根据DE2508353A1的所述复合面板拥有的性能相比，该含有纤维的芯层耐高温高达至少600℃，优选到至少700℃，其也有助于根据本发明的墙壁元件具有较高的刚性性能。由此，根据本发明的墙壁元件的薄片可以被制造得相对薄，从而与已知的材料相比，该夹心材料的重量或者由该材料生产的墙壁元件的重量的减少是可能的。而且，基于该含有纤维的耐温的芯层而具有的良好的坚固隔音效果，根据本发明的墙壁元件性能突出。
根据DIN4102，如果其特别优选地具有非易燃的含有纤维的芯层，根据本发明的墙壁元件或内部覆盖层元件至少满足A2防火级，有时甚至是A1防火级。
根据本发明的墙壁元件的各个上部片的厚度例如在大约0.1mm至0.8mm的范围内，优选在约0.1mm至0.5mm的范围内，特别优选的范围约0.1mm至0.4mm。
根据本发明的墙壁元件的薄片优选由钢材制造。钢材是相对成本经济的材料，其因耐高温、高断裂强度和良好的成形性，特别是良好的弯曲加工行为和/或冲压行为而具有显著性。
非铁金属例如铝或铜也适于作为根据本发明的墙壁元件的薄板。铝具有的优势是在大气环境下当温度上升(在火灾的情况下)时，高度耐热的氧化铝层被形成在其自由表面上。
为了实现根据本发明的墙壁元件的有利的材料成本并且同时实现长的使用寿命，该薄板被设置有防腐蚀层。该腐蚀保护层例如由该金属薄层的热浸和/或电镀涂层而被制备。用于热浸的特性涂料是Z：99％的锌，ZA：95％的锌和5％的铝；AZ：5％铝和43.4％锌和1.6％硅；AS：88-92％铝和8-12％硅。
根据本发明的墙壁元件的进一步的有利实施方式的特征在于该薄片具有不同的的厚度和/或被设置有不同的腐蚀保护层。在高耐弯曲性、低重量和高的耐气候方面是最佳的墙壁元件由此可以被实施用于外部区域例如外观部分。
根据本发明的墙壁元件的进一步的实施方案中，该薄片中的至少一个被设置有由锌形成的腐蚀保护层。可替换的或者另外的，该薄片中的至少一个也可以被设置有由铝形成的腐蚀保护层。
除了常规的热涂层以及电解镀膜，CVD、PVD和/或溶胶-凝胶涂层同样也是合适的。而且，该薄片也可以例如通过阳极氧化而被进一步地完善。因此对于着色没有限制。
特别有利的是，根据本发明的墙壁元件(外立面元件)的进一步的实施例，如果至少该薄片的上部外表面和/或朝向太阳的外表面被设置有由铝形成的腐蚀保护层。这是因为该铝涂层给予本局本发明的墙壁元件(外立面元件)对于太阳能或热辐射非常低的吸收性能或者或高的热反射能力。
根据本发明的墙壁元件的另一实施例，在外部或者内部应用中的至少可见侧被额外地设置有有机涂层。以清漆形式的有机涂层可以有不同的颜色，因此根据本发明的墙壁元件的着色没有任何限制。
为了实现足够高的耐温性，在本发明的进一步实施方式中，根据本发明的墙壁元件的芯层或者该芯层的密封材料具有厚度优选在大约0.6至1.5mm范围内并且特别优选地在大约0.7mm至1.3mm左右的范围内。
进一步的，根据本发明的另一实施方式，具有轻的组分重量是有利的，如果该芯层的厚度至少1.5倍，优选至少两倍，特别优选至少2.5倍于该薄片中的一层的厚度或者该薄片中最薄的层的厚度。
根据本发明的墙壁元件的进一步有利的实施方式的特征在于该芯层的密封材料是由无机纤维，优选矿物纤维，和由无机填料，优选无机填料，结合有机纤维和粘合剂而产生的。测试已经表明该密封材料使得具有高达1000℃的连续使用温度范围是可能的。
根据本发明的墙壁元件的密封材料或芯层优选地含有矿物防火剂，该矿物防火剂是不含卤素的并且充当烟气抑制剂。当根据本发明的墙壁元件被用于封闭空间里的内覆盖层是有益的。对健康非必要的额外伤害因此可以被防止。进一步的，密封材料或芯层可以优选含有抑制霉菌形成在芯层的杀菌剂。
为了连接该夹心状复合材料的层，在根据本发明的墙壁元件的进一步的实施方式中，相应的薄片经由粘合剂层被粘附到芯层上。在此情况下所使用的粘合剂优选是基于水溶液的粘接剂例如聚氨酯分散体的粘合剂或热封粘合剂。在此情况下，各个粘合剂层的层厚在例如5微米至25微米的范围内，优选在8微米至15微米的范围内。粘合剂例如借助于涂布辊通过刮板、喷涂或涂敷施加到薄片上。表层(薄片)和被用于芯层的含有纤维的耐高温的密封材料可以被以条带形式或面板形式被彼此连接起来。表层与芯层的连接优选借助于双带挤压机而实施。被施加到薄片的粘接剂(热密封粘合剂)在该双带挤压机上通过压力和温度而被活化的并且与所述含有纤维的耐高温芯层发生交联。
可替代地，即使在密封材料或芯层正在被生产时，基于水溶液的粘合剂可以被引入到特别是被过滤或混合到含有纤维的耐热密封材料中。将粘结剂施加到所述薄片的步骤从而可以被省略。如上所述，将表层连接到芯层优选在双带挤压机上实施，其中，所述粘合剂先在芯层内由压力和温度进行活化并且交联并且同时或随后以相当大地整体方式粘附于表层上。
根据本发明的夹心状复合材料是可成形的，特别是可弯曲的和/或可粘附的，因此从实质上扁平的面板到三维立体结构的任何所希望的构造可以以不同的尺寸进行生产。特别是，根据本发明的墙壁元件可以被设计作为在存在火灾和爆炸的危险的区域例如在燃料库和化学实验室以及在船舶建筑时的用于建筑和干式施工的外立面元件和内饰覆盖件，并且也可作为在电梯的墙壁元件尤其是电梯轿厢。
根据本发明的墙壁元件进一步优选的并且有利的实施方案在从属权利要求中被具体描述。
附图说明
借助于示例性示出实施方式的附图随后对说明书做了进一步详细的介绍。该单个图以透视图的方式示出了被彼此相邻设置的两个墙壁元件。
具体实施方式
在图中所示的墙壁元件1、1'例如用作建筑物特别是办公楼或公共建筑如机场或船舶中的内部覆盖层元件。
该各个墙壁元件1、1'是由夹心状复合材料2形成的。该复合材料2是由两个金属表层2.1、2.2以及由耐温高达至少600℃的含纤维的芯层2.3构造的。
表层2.1、2.2是由例如优选地被设置有抗腐蚀层的钢板组成。基于锌或铝的抗腐蚀层被优选地用于该情形下。各个表层(薄片)2.1、2.2的厚度是例如大约0.1至0.8毫米，优选至多0.5毫米，特别优选为至多0.4毫米。在图1所示的实施例中，两个薄片2.1、2.2具有大致相同的厚度，例如约为0.3毫米，并且具有相同的材料质量。然而，具有不同厚度和/或材料质量的薄片2.1、2.2也可以被用于生产该复合材料2。如果根据本发明的墙壁元件用作外立面覆盖层元件，所述薄片2.1、2.2可被设置有不同的抗腐蚀层。因而例如在各个覆盖层元件被紧固后，朝向太阳的薄片2.1或2.2可以被设置有基于铝的涂层，该涂层具有高的热反射能力。
芯层2.3是由含有纤维的密封材料组成，该材料耐温高达至少600℃，优选高达至少700℃，并且具有大约为0.5至2.0毫米的厚度，优选大约0.6至1.5毫米，特别优选大约0.7至1.3毫米的范围内。
芯层2.3的材料是由无机纤维优选矿物纤维，和无机纤维优选矿物填料以及一小部分的有机纤维和粘合剂组成。与无机填料一起构成该芯层材料主要成分的无机纤维优选为有机可溶的矿物纤维。而且，该芯层材料可以含有具有高的烟气抑制作用的无卤矿物防火剂。由于芯层2.3中的有机纤维和有机粘结剂的部分是非常小，在火或热的作用下，仅有少量的烟气会产生。
芯层2.3中的无机纤维和矿物填料使得密封材料层经受高达900℃或甚至高达1000℃持续使用温度是可能的，并且优选是不可燃的。而且，以该方式形成的芯层2.3提供良好的热绝缘性和良好的隔音效果。
与具有精细分散无机添加剂的塑料的芯层例如根据DE2508353A1披露的由金属-塑料-金属复合材料组成的复合面板相比，该含纤维的芯层2.3使得根据本发明的夹心状墙壁元件1、1'不仅耐高温，同时具有良好的隔热性，而且具有显著的刚性。这些较高的刚性特性允许使用较薄的金属表层2.1、2.2并且因此该夹心墙壁元件1、1'的重量减少了。
在图1中可清楚地看到该复合材料2的薄片2.1、2.2中的每个被设计成比芯层2.3适当薄些。为了实现轻量化的墙壁元件，芯层2.3的厚度至少1.5倍于，优选至少两倍于，并且优选至少2.5倍于两薄片2.1、2.2中最薄的厚度。
薄片2.1、2.2通过粘附焊接被连接到芯层上。为此目的，例如朝向芯层2.3的各个薄片2.1、2.2的一侧被涂敷有粘接剂。该粘合剂优选基于水溶液的粘合剂，例如聚氨酯分散体的粘合剂。为了薄片2.1、2.2和2.3芯层充分连接，例如具有5至25微米优选8至15微米厚的所述粘合剂被施加到薄片2.1、2.2上。该粘合剂可以例如通过喷涂、通过刮板或借助于涂布辊而被施加。薄片2.1、2.2和2.3芯层的连接然后优选借助于加热的双带压机(图中未示出)而实施，其中，所述粘合剂通过压力和温度而被活化并且与所述含纤维的耐高温芯层2.3发生交联。
优选地，该芯层2.3由粘合剂和/或防水渗透的薄片2.1、2.2包封在复合材料2里。
根据本发明的该复合材料2可以容易地塑性地被形成，特别是通过弯曲和/或冲压，尤其如此。为此目的，例如由适当的带状复合材料2的坯料被切割并且被再成形压力机(图中未示出)里被成型到墙壁元件1、1'内。
本发明的实施不限定于附图所示的示例性实施例。与此相反，根据本发明的该墙壁元件(墙壁覆盖元件)1、1'的多种变型例可以被构思出来，即使是在脱离于所示出的示例性实施方案的实施例中，其利用了所附的权利要求中限定的发明方案。

Claims (11)

1.墙壁元件(1，1')，特别是用于建筑外墙的覆盖层，其是由夹心状复合材料组成，所述夹心状复合材料是由金属薄片(2.1、2.2)和被设置在所述薄片之间的至少一个芯层(2.3)构成的，其特征在于，所述芯层(2.3)是由耐温高达600℃的含纤维的密封材料形成的，所述芯层(2.3)的厚度厚达2.0毫米。
2.根据权利要求1所述的墙壁元件，其特征在于，所述芯层(2.3)的厚度至少1.5倍于，优选至少2倍于，特别优选至少2.5倍于所述薄片(2.1、2.2)之一的厚度或者所述薄片(2.1、2.2)中最薄的厚度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的墙壁元件，其特征在于，所述芯层(2.3)的密封材料具有在0.6毫米至1.5毫米范围内的，特别优选在0.7mm至1.3毫米范围内的厚度。
4.根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的墙壁元件，其特征在于，所述芯层(2.3)的密封材料是由无机纤维优选矿物纤维和由无机填料优选矿物填料以及结合有机纤维和粘合剂而制备的。
5.根据权利要求1至4任意一项所述的墙壁元件，其特征在于，所述薄片(2.1、2.2)是由钢材料制造的。
6.根据权利要求1至5任意一项所述的墙壁元件，其特征在于，所述薄片(2.1、2.2)被设置有抗腐蚀保护层。
7.根据权利要求1至6任意一项所述的墙壁元件，其特征在于，各个所述薄片(2.1、2.2)具有0.1毫米至0.8mm范围内的，优选为0.1mm至0.5mm的范围内，特别优选为0.1mm至0.4mm的范围内的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1至7任意一项所述的墙壁元件，其特征在于，所述薄片(2.1、2.2)具有不同的厚度和/或被设置有不同的抗腐蚀保护层。
9.根据权利要求1至8任意一项所述的墙壁元件，其特征在于，各个所述薄片(2.1、2.2)经由粘合剂层被连接到所述芯层(2.3)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的墙壁元件，其特征在于，各个所述粘合剂层是由基于水溶液的粘合剂，优选聚氨酯分散体的粘合剂形成的。
11.根据要求9或10所述的墙壁元件，其特征在于，各个所述粘合剂层具有5微米至25微米范围内的，优选8微米至15微米范围内的层厚度。
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