CN104654649B - A kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine - Google Patents
A kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN104654649B CN104654649B CN201310596109.1A CN201310596109A CN104654649B CN 104654649 B CN104654649 B CN 104654649B CN 201310596109 A CN201310596109 A CN 201310596109A CN 104654649 B CN104654649 B CN 104654649B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1412—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by heat exchanger details
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine, including compressor, n grades of cold heads and n grades of ladder passage piston systems, wherein, n is the integer more than 1, include cooler, regenerator, cold heat exchanger and vascular per one-level cold head, connected between adjacent cold head by heat bridge, the cold heat exchanger in n-th grade of cold head is used as n-th grade of cold output end；The compression chamber of compressor is connected with the cooler in every one-level cold head respectively, and the pushing piston working chamber of n grades of ladder passage piston systems is connected with vascular respectively, and the pushing piston back of the body working chamber of n grades of ladder passage piston systems is connected with the compression chamber of compressor.Compared with prior art, the present invention had both maintained the characteristics of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine is stable, and efficiency and power density are improved again.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vascular refrigerator, more particularly, to a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine.
Background technology
Multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine is to obtain the refrigeration machine of low temperature, such as 20-4K cryogenic temperatures, in space, liquid hydrogen, cryogenic pump
In terms of have important application.It facts have proved that pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine has the high characteristic of stability, because per one-level
By heat bridge connection, interact small.In pre-cooling type vascular refrigerator, there is phase-shifter in the hot junction of vascular, it is to allow arteries and veins that it, which is acted on,
The flow of the gas of pipe cold end has an optimum phase angle with pressure, so that the efficiency highest of vascular refrigerator.It is existing pre-
In cold type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine, phase-shifter is usually bidirection air intake type or inertia cast.Inertia cast or bidirection air intake type exist
During small cold, effect is simultaneously bad, can not allow vascular cold end gas flow and pressure duty at optimum phase angle, moreover,
Operating pressure can not be too high, and this in turn limits power density.And under low temperature, phase-shifter is extremely important, here it is being assorted
The reason for development progress of present 35K temperature below is slow.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of multistage arteries and veins of pre-cooling type
Control cold.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine, including compressor, n grade cold head and n grades of ladder passage piston systems, its
In, n is the integer more than 1, is included per one-level cold head between cooler, regenerator, cold heat exchanger and vascular, adjacent cold head
Connected by heat bridge, the cold heat exchanger in n-th grade of cold head is used as n-th grade of cold output end；The compression of described compressor
Chamber is connected with the cooler in every one-level cold head respectively, and the pushing piston working chamber of described n levels ladder passage piston system divides
It is not connected with vascular, the pushing piston back of the body working chamber of described n levels ladder passage piston system is connected with the compression chamber of compressor.
Vascular hot junction at least in one-level cold head connects air reservoir by regulating valve or aperture.
Compression chamber volume be in cyclically-varying so that gas pressure be in substantially sine wave change, gas compression chamber, respectively
Back and forth flowed between level cold head and pushing piston working chamber, flowing velocity is in sine wave substantially, at least the vascular in one-level cold head
Hot junction connects air reservoir by regulating valve or aperture；Open valve or aperture is then connected between air reservoir and vascular connecting tube, regulating valve
The adjustable cold per one-level cold head of the size of door or aperture, closes valve or aperture is then disconnected between air reservoir and vascular connecting tube
Connection.
Contain n regenerator and n-1 precool heat exchanger device in n-th grade of cold head, described regenerator and precool heat exchanger device according to
Secondary alternating is connected between cooler and cold heat exchanger.
Connected between each precool heat exchanger device and cold heat exchanger at the same level by heat bridge；Vascular and prime in n-th grade of cold head
Cold heat exchanger in cold head is connected by heat bridge.
Further, the corresponding site of the vascular in n-th grade of cold head passes through heat with the cold heat exchanger in each cold head of prime
Bridging connects.
Described compressor is made up of compression piston, compression cylinder, linear electric motors and compressor connecting tube, described compression
Piston is located inside compression cylinder, and is connected with the linear electric motors outside compression cylinder, described compression piston and compression
Cylinder formation compression chamber, described compressor connecting tube is connected with compression chamber.
Further, described compressor is provided with two altogether, and is symmetrical arranged, and leads between the linear electric motors of two compressors
Cross connecting tube connection, after being connected by compressor connecting tube between the compression chamber of two compressors, then respectively with every one-level cold head
In cooler connected by connecting tube.
Described n levels ladder passage piston system by n grades of ladder pushing pistons, n grades of ladder cylinders, pushing piston bar, after
Lid, flat spring and pushing piston air reservoir composition, are obstructed between described n level ladder cylinders and pushing piston air reservoir by bonnet,
Described n level ladder pushing pistons are located at n grades of ladder cylinder interiors, and described flat spring is located in pushing piston air reservoir, described
Pushing piston bar run through bonnet, one end of pushing piston bar is supported on flat spring, the other end and n grades of ladder pushing piston phases
Connect, n pushing piston working chamber, n grades of ladders are formed between the front end of described n level ladder pushing pistons and n grades of ladder cylinders
Pushing piston back of the body working chamber is formed between the rear end of pushing piston and bonnet.
Further, described n levels ladder passage piston system is provided with two altogether, and is symmetrical arranged, two n grades of stepped pushs
After being connected between the pushing piston back of the body working chamber for moving piston system by connecting tube, then connect with the compression chamber of compressor, two n
Connected between the pushing piston air reservoir of level ladder passage piston system by connecting tube, two n grades of ladders elapse piston system
It is connected respectively with vascular connecting tube again after being connected between identical pushing piston working chamber.
Described flat spring is replaced by other springs.
Preferably, n=2 or 3.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is used as phase shift in pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine using ladder pushing piston
Device, so that the flow and pressure duty per the gas of one-level vascular cold end are at optimum phase angle, moreover, high compression can be used
Than increasing power density, efficiency is improved, also, expansion work is recyclable, and theoretical efficiency is as the machine of Kano.The present invention's is excellent
Point is both to have maintained the characteristics of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine is stable, and efficiency and power density are improved again.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Three-stage Pulse Tube Refrigerator in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of Three-stage Pulse Tube Refrigerator in embodiment 2；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation with vascular heat bridge of Three-stage Pulse Tube Refrigerator in embodiment 2；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of two stage pulse tube refrigerator in embodiment 3；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of two stage pulse tube refrigerator in embodiment 4；
Schematic diagram when Fig. 6 is used in pairs for three-level pushing piston system in embodiment 5；
Schematic diagram when Fig. 7 is used in pairs for two grades of pushing piston systems in embodiment 6；
Schematic diagram when Fig. 8 is used in pairs for compressor in embodiment 7.
In figure, 1a is three-level pre-cooling type cold head, and 1b is two grades of pre-cooling type cold heads, and 11 be first order cold head, and 12 be the second level
Cold head, 13 be third level cold head, and 101 be first order connecting tube, and 102 be first order cooler, and 103 be first order regenerator, 111
It is first order vascular for first order cold heat exchanger, 112,113 be first order vascular hot junction gas homogenizer, and 114 be the first order
Vascular connecting tube, 121 be first order valve, and 122 be first order air reservoir connecting tube, and 123 be first order air reservoir, and 201 be the second level
Connecting tube, 202 be second-stage cooler, and 203 be the regenerator of the second level first, and 204 be second level precool heat exchanger device, and 205 be the
Two grades of heat bridges, 206 be the regenerator of the second level second, and 211 be second level cold heat exchanger, and 212 be second level vascular, and 213 be the
Secondary vein pipe hot junction gas homogenizer, 214 be second level vascular connecting tube, and 221 be second level valve, and 222 be second level air reservoir
Connecting tube, 223 be second level air reservoir, and 231 be second level vascular heat bridge, and 301 be third level connecting tube, and 302 be that the third level cools down
Device, 303 be the regenerator of the third level first, and 304 be the third level the first precool heat exchanger device, and 305 be the heat bridge of the third level first, and 306 are
The regenerator of the third level second, 307 be the forecooler of the third level second, and 308 be the heat bridge of the third level second, and 309 are the third level the 3rd time
Hot device, 311 be third level cold heat exchanger, and 312 be third level vascular, and 313 be third level vascular hot junction gas homogenizer, 314
It is third level valve for third level vascular connecting tube, 321,322 be third level air reservoir connecting tube, and 323 be third level air reservoir, 331
It is the heat bridge of third level vascular second for the heat bridge of third level vascular first, 332,4a is that three-level ladder elapses piston system, and 4b is two
Level ladder passage piston system, 41 be the working chamber of pushing piston first, and 414 be the first working chamber connecting tube, and 42 be pushing piston
Second working chamber, 424 be the second working chamber connecting tube, and 43 be the working chamber of pushing piston the 3rd, and 434 be that the 3rd working chamber is connected
Pipe, 44 be that pushing piston carries on the back working chamber, and 45 be pushing piston air reservoir space, and 461 be three-level ladder pushing piston, and 462 be three-level
Ladder cylinder, 461b is two grades of ladder pushing pistons, and 462b is two grades of ladder cylinders, and 463 be pushing piston bar, and 464 be bonnet,
465 be flat spring, and 466 be pushing piston air reservoir, and 47 be that pushing piston carries on the back working chamber connecting tube, and 5 be compressor, and 51 be compression
Chamber, 521 be compression piston, and 522 be compression cylinder, and 53 be motor, and 54 be compressor connecting tube, and 55 be motor connection pipe.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
Three-level step piston pre-cooling type vascular refrigerator, structure including three-level ladder as shown in figure 1, elapse piston system
4a, compressor 5 and three-level pre-cooling type cold head 1a.
Three-level pre-cooling type cold head 1a includes first order cold head 11, second level cold head 12 and third level cold head 13.
First order cold head 11 is by first order connecting tube 101, first order cooler 102, first order regenerator 103, the first order
Cold heat exchanger 111, first order vascular 112, first order vascular hot junction gas homogenizer 113 and first order vascular connecting tube 114
Sequentially link, first order air reservoir 123 is connected by first order air reservoir connecting tube 122 in first order vascular connecting tube 114, the
One-level air reservoir connecting tube 122 is provided with first order valve 121；Open first order valve 121 then first order air reservoir 123 and the first order
Connected between vascular connecting tube 114, the size of regulation first order valve 121 can adjust the cold of first order cold head 11.Gas can
Back and forth flowed between each part.
Second level cold head 12 is by second level connecting tube 201, second-stage cooler 202, the first regenerator of the second level 203,
Two grades of precool heat exchanger devices 204, the second regenerator of the second level 206, second level cold heat exchanger 211, second level vasculars 212, second
Level vascular hot junction gas homogenizer 213 and second level vascular connecting tube 214 sequentially link, second level vascular connecting tube 214
Upper to connect second level air reservoir 223 by second level air reservoir connecting tube 222, second level air reservoir connecting tube 222 is provided with the second step valve
Door 221；Open second level valve 221 then to connect between second level air reservoir 223 and second level vascular connecting tube 214, regulation second
The size of level valve 221 can adjust the cold of second level cold head 12.Gas can back and forth flow between each part.
Third level cold head 13 is by third level connecting tube 301, third level cooler 302, the first regenerator of the third level 303,
The first precool heat exchanger of three-level device 304, the second regenerator of the third level 306, the second precool heat exchanger of third level device 307, the third level the 3rd
Regenerator 309, third level cold heat exchanger 311, third level vascular 312, third level vascular hot junction gas homogenizer 313 and the 3rd
Level vascular connecting tube 314 sequentially links, and is connected in third level vascular connecting tube 314 by third level air reservoir connecting tube 322
Third level air reservoir 323, third level air reservoir connecting tube 322 is provided with third level valve 321；Open third level valve 321 then the 3rd
Connected between level air reservoir 323 and third level vascular connecting tube 314, the adjustable third level of size of regulation third level valve 321 is cold
First 13 cold.Gas can back and forth flow between each part.
First order cryogenic temperature is general in 80K, and cold is exported from first order cold heat exchanger 111, second level cryogenic temperature
Typically in 20K, cold is exported from second level cold heat exchanger 211, and third level cryogenic temperature is general in 4K, and cold is cold from the third level
Amount heat exchanger 311 is exported.
The right-hand member of vascular is in room temperature, and custom is referred to as hot junction, and left end is referred to as cold end in low temperature, custom.The left end temperature of regenerator
Degree is high to be referred to as hot junction, and right-hand member temperature is low, and custom is referred to as cold end.
Second level heat bridge 205, the first heat bridge of the third level 305 change second level precool heat exchanger device 204, the precooling of the third level first
Hot device 304 is connected together with first order cold heat exchanger 111, and the second heat bridge of the third level 308 changes the precooling of the third level second level
Hot device 307 is connected together with second level cold heat exchanger.So, the cold of first order cold heat exchanger 111 can precooling second
The first regenerator 203 of level, the first regenerator of the third level 303, the cold of second level cold heat exchanger 211 can the precooling third level second
Regenerator 304, makes it from the leakage heat leak in hot junction to the first order, rather than the second level.The cold of second level cold heat exchanger 211 can
The second regenerator of the precooling third level 304, makes it from the leakage heat leak in hot junction to the second level, rather than the third level.So, the second level and
The cold of the third level is just larger.
Heat bridge and heat exchanger are made of such as copper by the good material of heat conduction, regenerator and vascular by poor heat conductivity material, it is such as stainless
Steel is made.Filling regenerative material, such as stainless steel cloth, copper mesh, shot, tin alloy ball, HoCu in regenerator2The backheat material such as ball
Material.
Three-level ladder elapses piston system 4a by three-level ladder pushing piston 461, three-level ladder cylinder 462, pushing piston
Bar 463, bonnet 464, flat spring 465, pushing piston air reservoir 466 are constituted, three-level ladder cylinder 462 and pushing piston air reservoir 466
Between obstructed by bonnet 464, three-level ladder pushing piston 461 is located inside three-level ladder cylinder 462, and flat spring 465 is located at
In pushing piston air reservoir 466, pushing piston bar 463 runs through bonnet 464, and one end of pushing piston bar 463 is supported on flat spring 465
On, the other end connects with three-level ladder pushing piston 461, front end and the three-level ladder cylinder 462 of three-level ladder pushing piston 461
Between form pushing piston the first working chamber 41, the second working chamber of pushing piston 42, the working chamber 43 of pushing piston the 3rd, three-level rank
Pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 is formed between the rear end of terraced pushing piston 462 and bonnet 464.Flat spring 465 supports pushing piston
Bar 463, pushing piston bar 463 and three-level ladder pushing piston 461 connect, and make three-level ladder pushing piston 461 in three-level ladder
The inner holding of cylinder 462 does not contact to form clearance seal.Clearance seal, which is meant between cylinder and piston, a minim gap
Gas is set to only have faint leakage.Meanwhile, flat spring 465 is with three-level ladder pushing piston 461 and pushing piston bar 463 in axial direction
One vibrational system of upper formation, the vibrational system has an intrinsic frequency, referred to as pushing piston intrinsic frequency.Pushing piston air reservoir
Space 45 keeps pressure to be basically unchanged.Pushing piston back of the body working chamber connecting tube 47 connects with compressor connecting tube 54.
Compressor 5 is made up of compression piston 521, compression cylinder 522, linear electric motors 53 and compressor connecting tube 54, compression
Piston 521 and the formation compression chamber 51 of compression cylinder 522.Have inner stator in general linear electric motors 53, external stator, coil, magnet and
Flat spring is constituted, and piston is supported in cylinder by flat spring makes it keep clearance seal.Clearance seal means cylinder and work
There is a minim gap gas is only had faint leakage between plug.
First order connecting tube 101, second level connecting tube 201, third level connecting tube 301 are connected to compressor connecting tube 54,
Pushing piston back of the body working chamber connecting tube 47 is also connected to compressor connecting tube 54, such pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 and compression chamber
51 compressed gas together, supply three-level pre-cooling type cold head 1a.And the work(of pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 comes from pushing piston first
Working chamber 41, the second working chamber of pushing piston 42 and the working chamber 43 of pushing piston the 3rd.
The first working chamber of pushing piston 41 connects with first order vascular connecting tube 114, the second working chamber of pushing piston 42 with
Second level vascular connecting tube 214 connects, and the working chamber 43 of pushing piston the 3rd connects with third level vascular connecting tube 314, so, respectively
The expansion work of vascular is passed the first working chamber of piston 41, the second working chamber of pushing piston 42 and the working chamber 43 of pushing piston the 3rd
Reclaim.
Pushing piston bar 463 plays a part of driving three-level ladder pushing piston 461.The pressure in pushing piston air reservoir space 45
Power is basically unchanged, and is average pressure, the first working chamber of pushing piston 41, the second working chamber of pushing piston 42, pushing piston the 3rd
The pressure of working chamber 43 and pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 is in the sinusoidal variations centered on average pressure substantially.So, just have
One clear alternating force is acted on three-level ladder pushing piston 461, overcomes flow resistance to move it.
Drive linear electric motors is alternating current, and its frequency is referred to as refrigeration machine working frequency.Alternating current is passed through to linear electric motors
Afterwards, linear electric motors 53 drive compression piston 521 to move reciprocatingly, and it is in cyclically-varying to make the volume of compression chamber 51, so that gas
Pressure changes in approximate sine wave.Gas can be in compression chamber, each working chamber of pushing piston, first order cold head, second level cold head,
Back and forth flowed between three-level cold head, flowing velocity is in sine wave substantially.
There is an optimum value in the gas flowing of the cold end of vascular and the phase difference of pressure change, so that the effect of regenerator
Rate is maximum, and then makes the efficiency of refrigeration machine maximum.This can be adjusted by adjusting the intrinsic frequency of three-level ladder pushing piston 461
It is realized with the phase angle of compression piston 521.
The volume of each air reservoir is usually 5-10 times of coupled vascular volume, can by adjusting the aperture of regulating valve
Adjust cold.But it is throttle effect when gas is by valve, demi-inflation work(is changed into heat and scattered and disappeared, and therefore, air reservoir valve is only
Be increase regulating measure, can without preferably without.A vascular can be at least set to be made of pushing piston by the design of pushing piston
Phase-shifter just can reach optimum state.So, throttle effect can be reduced, efficiency is improved.If only one of which vascular has air reservoir,
It is adjustable, but the leeway reduction of regulation, refrigeration is not fine.
Here left and right be only for statement conveniently.In the present embodiment, which working chamber of ladder pushing piston at different levels and
What vascular is connected and all had no relations, as long as a vascular is connected with a pushing piston working chamber.
Here regulating valve can any other have resistance very big device, such as aperture, capillary etc..
Flat spring can be replaced by the spring of other forms, the sealing substitution that clearance seal can also be formed by dry friction material.
Compression piston and pushing piston can also be replaced by toggle.But from the life-span, current linear electric motors add flat spring skill
Art is best.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is：
First order valve 121 in first order cold head 11 is closed mode, now, disconnects first order air reservoir 123 and first
Connection between level vascular connecting tube 114.It is equivalently employed without loading onto first order air reservoir 123.
Second level valve 221 in second level cold head 12 is closed mode, now, disconnects second level air reservoir 223 and second
Connection between level vascular connecting tube 214.It is equivalently employed without loading onto second level air reservoir 223.
Third level valve 321 in third level cold head 13 is closed mode, now, disconnects third level air reservoir 323 and the 3rd
Connection between level vascular connecting tube 314.It is equivalently employed without loading onto third level air reservoir 323.
Now, the structure of three-level step piston pre-cooling type vascular refrigerator is as shown in Figure 2.Due to having lacked air reservoir regulation, though
So without restriction loss, theoretical efficiency highest, but due to having lacked the regulation of air reservoir, colds at different levels to be designed without Fig. 1 flexible.
In Fig. 3, in the second level, the about center section of vascular 212 is changed with second level vascular heat bridge 231 and first order cold
Hot device 111 is thermally contacted, third level vascular 312 about from hot junction 1/3rd with the first heat bridge of third level vascular 331 and
The first precool heat exchanger of three-level device 304 is thermally contacted, third level vascular 312 about from cold end 1/3rd with third level vascular
Two heat bridges 332 are thermally contacted with the second forecooler of the third level 307, so, and the heat conduction to cold end in vascular hot junction can be reduced, so that
Increase cold.Particularly when temperature is close to 4K, cold very little, the reduction of heat conduction has great significance for improving efficiency.
Here, each heat bridge directly can contact to reduce thermal resistance with cold exchanger heat, reduce heat conduction loss.The heat of heat bridge and vascular connects
Contact portion position is referred to as corresponding site, and the position is not when having heat bridge, and temperature is slightly above the temperature of the cold heat exchanger thermally contacted with it.
So cold heat exchanger can intercept the heat come from hot junction stream.
Embodiment 3
Two grades of step piston pre-cooling type vascular refrigerators, structure are as shown in figure 4, including two grades of ladder passage piston systems
4b, compressor 5 and two grades of pre-cooling type cold head 1b.
Two grades of pre-cooling type cold head 1b include first order cold head 11 and first order cold head 12, and difference from Example 1 is,
Two grades of pre-cooling type cold head 1b have lacked third level cold head.
Two grades of ladder passage piston system 4b difference from Example 1 are that two grades of ladders elapse piston system 4b's
Ladder pushing piston and ladder cylinder become two grades of ladder pushing piston 461b and two grades of ladder cylinder 462b.Two grades of stepped pushs
Move piston 461b and two grades of first working chambers of ladder cylinder 462b formation pushing pistons 41 and the second working chamber of pushing piston 42.
The structure of compressor 5 is same as Example 1.
First order connecting tube 101, second level connecting tube 201 are connected to compressor connecting tube 54, pushing piston back of the body working chamber
Connecting tube 47 is also connected to compressor connecting tube 54, and such pushing piston carries on the back the compressed gas together with compression chamber 51 of working chamber 44,
Supply two grades of pre-cooling type cold head 1b.And the work(of pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 is lived from the first working chamber of pushing piston 41, passage
Fill in the second working chamber 42.
The first working chamber of pushing piston 41 connects with first order vascular connecting tube 114, the second working chamber of pushing piston 42 with
Second level vascular connecting tube 214 connects, so, and the expansion work of each vascular is passed the first working chamber of piston 41 and pushing piston
Two working chambers 42 are reclaimed.
Pushing piston bar 463 plays a part of driving two grades of ladder pushing piston 461b.Pushing piston air reservoir space 45
Pressure is basically unchanged, and is average pressure, the first working chamber of pushing piston 41, the second working chamber of pushing piston 42 and the pushing piston back of the body
The pressure of working chamber 44 is in the sinusoidal variations centered on average pressure substantially.So, a clear alternating force just acts on
On two grades of ladder pushing piston 461b, flow resistance is overcome to move it.
Embodiment 4
Difference from Example 3 is：
First order valve 121 in first order cold head 11 is closed mode, now, disconnects first order air reservoir 123 and first
Connection between level vascular connecting tube 114.It is equivalently employed without loading onto first order air reservoir 123.
Second level valve 221 in second level cold head 12 is closed mode, now, disconnects second level air reservoir 223 and second
Connection between level vascular connecting tube 214.It is equivalently employed without loading onto second level air reservoir 223.
Now, the structure of two grades of step piston pre-cooling type vascular refrigerators is as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment 5
Difference from Example 1 is that three-level ladder passage piston system 4a is provided with two altogether, and is symmetrical arranged, with
Work is carried on the back by pushing piston between reduction vibrations, two three-level ladder passage piston system 4a pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44
After chamber connecting tube 47 is connected, then connect with the compression chamber 51 of compressor, two three-level ladders passage piston system 4a passage is lived
Connected between plug air reservoir 466 by connecting tube 48, two three-level ladder passage piston system 4a identical pushing piston work
It is connected respectively with vascular connecting tube again after being connected between chamber.Pass through the first work between i.e. two the first working chambers of pushing piston 41
Chamber connecting tube 414 connects with first order vascular connecting tube 114 again after connecting, and passes through between two the second working chambers of pushing piston 42
Connect again with second level vascular connecting tube 214 after the connection of second working chamber connecting tube 424, two working chambers 43 of pushing piston the 3rd
Between by the 3rd working chamber connecting tube 434 connect after connect again with third level vascular connecting tube 314.Three-level pushing piston system
Schematic diagram when using in pairs is as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 6
Difference from Example 3 is that two grades of ladder passage piston system 4b are provided with two altogether, and are symmetrical arranged, with
Work is carried on the back by pushing piston between reduction vibrations, two two grades of ladders passage piston system 4b pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44
After chamber connecting tube 47 is connected, then connect with the compression chamber 51 of compressor, two two grades of ladders passage piston system 4b passage is lived
Connected between plug air reservoir 466 by connecting tube 48, two two grades of ladders passage piston system 4b identical pushing piston work
It is connected respectively with vascular connecting tube again after being connected between chamber.Pass through the first work between i.e. two the first working chambers of pushing piston 41
Chamber connecting tube 414 connects with first order vascular connecting tube 114 again after connecting, and passes through between two the second working chambers of pushing piston 42
Connect again with second level vascular connecting tube 214 after the connection of second working chamber connecting tube 424.Two grades of ladders elapse piston system 4b into
Schematic diagram during to using is as shown in Figure 7.
Embodiment 7
Difference from Example 1 is that compressor 5 is provided with two altogether, and is symmetrical arranged, the straight-line electric of two compressors
Connected between machine 53 by motor connection pipe 55, so left and right is as symmetrical as possible.Pass through between the compression chamber 51 of two compressors
After compressor connecting tube 54 is connected, then it is connected respectively by connecting tube with the cooler in every one-level cold head.Compressor makes in pairs
The schematic diagram of used time is as shown in Figure 8.
Thinking more than, can design n grades of pre-cooling type vascular refrigerators.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine, it is characterised in that including compressor, n grades of cold heads and n grades of ladder pushing pistons
System, wherein, n is the integer more than 1, includes cooler, regenerator, cold heat exchanger and vascular, n-th grade per one-level cold head
Contain n regenerator and n-1 precool heat exchanger device in cold head, described regenerator and precool heat exchanger device are alternately connected to cold successively
But between device and cold heat exchanger, the corresponding site of the vascular in n-th grade of cold head passes through with the cold heat exchanger in prime cold head
Heat bridge is connected, and the cold heat exchanger in n-th grade of cold head is used as n-th grade of cold output end；The compression chamber of described compressor point
Be not connected with the cooler in every one-level cold head, the pushing piston working chamber of described n levels ladder passage piston system respectively with
Vascular is connected, and the pushing piston back of the body working chamber of described n levels ladder passage piston system is connected with the compression chamber of compressor；
Vascular hot junction at least in one-level cold head connects air reservoir by regulating valve or aperture.
2. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described compressor is by pressing
Contracting piston, compression cylinder, linear electric motors and compressor connecting tube composition, described compression piston are located inside compression cylinder, and
It is connected with the linear electric motors outside compression cylinder, described compression piston and compression cylinder formation compression chamber, described pressure
Contracting machine connecting tube is connected with compression chamber.
3. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described compressor is set altogether
Have two, and be symmetrical arranged, connected between the linear electric motors of two compressors by connecting tube, the compression chambers of two compressors it
Between connected by compressor connecting tube after, then be connected respectively by connecting tube with the cooler in every one-level cold head.
4. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described n level stepped pushs
Piston system is moved by n grades of ladder pushing pistons, n grades of ladder cylinders, pushing piston bar, bonnet, flat spring and pushing piston air reservoir
Composition, is obstructed, described n level ladder pushing pistons are set between described n level ladder cylinders and pushing piston air reservoir by bonnet
In n grades of ladder cylinder interiors, described flat spring is located in pushing piston air reservoir, and described pushing piston bar runs through bonnet, pushes away
The one end for moving piston rod is supported on flat spring, and the other end connects with n grades of ladder pushing pistons, and described n levels ladder passage is lived
Form n pushing piston working chamber between the front end of plug and n grades of ladder cylinders, the rear ends of n grades of ladder pushing pistons and bonnet it
Between formed pushing piston the back of the body working chamber.
5. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described n level stepped pushs
Move piston system and be provided with two altogether, and be symmetrical arranged, between the pushing piston back of the body working chamber of two n grades of ladders passage piston systems
After being connected by connecting tube, then connect with the compression chamber of compressor, two n grades of ladders elapse the pushing piston air reservoir of piston system
Between connected by connecting tube, after being connected between the identical pushing piston working chamber of two n grades of ladders passage piston system again
It is connected respectively with vascular connecting tube.
6. according to a kind of any described pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterised in that n=2 or 3.
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| CN107328130B (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2020-07-28 | 同济大学 | Multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator system adopting active phase modulation mechanism and adjusting method thereof |
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