CN104654649A - Pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator - Google Patents
Pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN104654649A CN104654649A CN201310596109.1A CN201310596109A CN104654649A CN 104654649 A CN104654649 A CN 104654649A CN 201310596109 A CN201310596109 A CN 201310596109A CN 104654649 A CN104654649 A CN 104654649A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1412—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by heat exchanger details
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator. The pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator comprises a compressor, an n-stage cooling head and an n-stage stepped-pushing piston system, wherein n is an integer more than 1; the cooling head at each stage comprises a cooler, a heat regenerator, a cool energy heat exchanger and a pulse tube; adjacent cooling heads are connected through a heat bridge; the cool energy heat exchangers of the n-stage cooling head is used as a cool energy output end at the n stage; a compressing cavity of the compressor is respectively connected with the cooler of the cooling head at each stage; pushing piston working cavities of the n-stage stepped-pushing piston system are respectively connected with the pulse tube; pushing piston rear working cavities of the n-stage stepped-pushing piston system are communicated with the compressing cavities of the compressor. Compared with the prior art, the pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator remains the stable characteristic of the pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator and is high in efficiency and power density.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vascular refrigerator, especially relate to a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine.
Background technology
Multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine is for obtaining low temperature, as the refrigeration machine of 20-4K cryogenic temperature, having important application in space, liquid hydrogen, cryogenic pump etc.Facts have proved that pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine has the high characteristic of stability, because every one-level connects by heat bridge, interact little.In pre-cooling type vascular refrigerator, have phase-shifter in the hot junction of vascular, its effect allows the flow of the gas of vascular cold junction and pressure have an optimum phase angle, thus make the most effective of vascular refrigerator.In existing pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine, phase-shifter is generally bidirection air intake type or inertia cast.Inertia cast or bidirection air intake type are when little cold, and effect is also bad, the flow of gas of vascular cold junction and pressure duty can not be allowed at optimum phase angle, and operating pressure can not be too high, this in turn limits power density.And under low temperature, phase-shifter is extremely important, the development progress reason slowly of why now below 35K temperature that Here it is.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention be exactly in order to overcome above-mentioned prior art exist defect and a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine is provided.
Object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine, comprise compressor, n level cold head and n level ladder and pass piston system, wherein, n be greater than 1 integer, every one-level cold head includes cooler, regenerator, cold heat exchanger and vascular, connected by heat bridge between adjacent cold head, the cold heat exchanger in n-th grade of cold head is as the cold output of n-th grade; The compression chamber of described compressor is connected with the cooler in every one-level cold head respectively, the pushing piston working chamber that described n level ladder passes piston system is connected with vascular respectively, and the pushing piston back of the body working chamber that described n level ladder passes piston system is communicated with the compression chamber of compressor.
Vascular hot junction at least in one-level cold head connects air reservoir by control valve or aperture.
Compression chamber volume is cyclically-varying, thus make gas pressure be sinusoidal wave change substantially, gas back and forth flows between compression chamber, cold head at different levels and pushing piston working chamber, and flowing velocity is sinusoidal wave substantially, and the vascular hot junction at least in one-level cold head connects air reservoir by control valve or aperture; Open valve or aperture is then communicated with between air reservoir with vascular tube connector, the cold of the adjustable every one-level cold head of size of control valve or aperture, valve-off or aperture then disconnect being communicated with between air reservoir with vascular tube connector.
Containing n regenerator and n-1 precool heat exchanger device in n-th grade of cold head, described regenerator and precool heat exchanger device are alternately connected between cooler and cold heat exchanger successively.
Be connected by heat bridge between each precool heat exchanger device with cold heat exchanger at the same level; Vascular in n-th grade of cold head is connected by heat bridge with the cold heat exchanger in prime cold head.
Further, the corresponding site of the vascular in n-th grade of cold head is connected by heat bridge with the cold heat exchanger in each cold head of prime.
Described compressor is made up of compression piston, compression cylinder, linear electric motors and compressor tube connector, described compression piston is located at compression cylinder inside, and be connected with the linear electric motors being positioned at compression cylinder outside, described compression piston and compression cylinder form compression chamber, and described compressor tube connector is connected with compression chamber.
Further, described compressor is provided with two altogether, and is symmetrical arranged, and is connected between the linear electric motors of two compressors by tube connector, after being communicated with by compressor tube connector between the compression chamber of two compressors, then be connected by tube connector with the cooler in every one-level cold head respectively.
Described n level ladder passes piston system by n level ladder pushing piston, n level ladder cylinder, pushing piston bar, bonnet, flat spring and pushing piston air reservoir composition, intercepted by bonnet between described n level ladder cylinder and pushing piston air reservoir, described n level ladder pushing piston is located at n level ladder cylinder interior, described flat spring is located in pushing piston air reservoir, described pushing piston bar runs through bonnet, one end of pushing piston bar is supported on flat spring, the other end connects with n level ladder pushing piston, n pushing piston working chamber is formed between the front end of described n level ladder pushing piston and n level ladder cylinder, form pushing piston between the rear end of n level ladder pushing piston and bonnet and carry on the back working chamber.
Further, described n level ladder is passed piston system and is provided with two altogether, and be symmetrical arranged, after being communicated with by tube connector between the pushing piston back of the body working chamber of two n level ladder passing piston systems, be communicated with the compression chamber of compressor again, be communicated with by tube connector between the pushing piston air reservoir of two n level ladder passing piston systems, be connected with vascular tube connector respectively again after being communicated with between the identical pushing piston working chamber of two n level ladder passing piston systems.
Described flat spring is replaced by other springs.
As preferably, n=2 or 3.
Compared with prior art, the present invention adopts ladder pushing piston as phase-shifter in pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine, thus make the flow of the gas of every one-level vascular cold junction and pressure duty at optimum phase angle, and, can high compression ratio be adopted, power density is increased, efficiency improves, further, expansion work is recyclable, and theoretical efficiency is the same with Kano machine.Advantage of the present invention had both maintained the stable feature of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine, turn improves efficiency and power density.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Three-stage Pulse Tube Refrigerator in embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of Three-stage Pulse Tube Refrigerator in embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the band vascular heat bridge of Three-stage Pulse Tube Refrigerator in embodiment 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of two stage pulse tube refrigerator in embodiment 3;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of two stage pulse tube refrigerator in embodiment 4;
Fig. 6 is schematic diagram when three grades of pushing piston systems use in pairs in embodiment 5;
Fig. 7 is schematic diagram when secondary pushing piston system uses in pairs in embodiment 6;
Fig. 8 is schematic diagram when compressor uses in pairs in embodiment 7.
In figure, 1a is three grades of pre-cooling type cold heads, 1b is secondary pre-cooling type cold head, 11 is first order cold head, 12 is second level cold head, 13 is third level cold head, 101 is first order tube connector, 102 is first order cooler, 103 is first order regenerator, 111 is first order cold heat exchanger, 112 is first order vascular, 113 is first order vascular hot junction gas uniform device, 114 is first order vascular tube connector, 121 is first order valve, 122 is first order air reservoir tube connector, 123 is first order air reservoir, 201 is second level tube connector, 202 is second-stage cooler, 203 is the second level first regenerator, 204 is second level precool heat exchanger device, 205 is second level heat bridge, 206 is the second level second regenerator, 211 is second level cold heat exchanger, 212 is second level vascular, 213 is vascular hot junction, second level gas uniform device, 214 is second level vascular tube connector, 221 is second level valve, 222 is second level air reservoir tube connector, 223 is second level air reservoir, 231 is second level vascular heat bridge, 301 is third level tube connector, 302 is third level cooler, 303 is the third level first regenerator, 304 is the third level first precool heat exchanger device, 305 is the third level first heat bridge, 306 is the third level second regenerator, 307 is the third level second forecooler, 308 is the third level second heat bridge, 309 is the third level the 3rd regenerator, 311 is third level cold heat exchanger, 312 is third level vascular, 313 is third level vascular hot junction gas uniform device, 314 is third level vascular tube connector, 321 is third level valve, 322 is third level air reservoir tube connector, 323 is third level air reservoir, 331 is third level vascular first heat bridge, 332 is third level vascular second heat bridge, 4a is that three grades of ladders pass piston system, 4b is that secondary ladder passes piston system, 41 is pushing piston first working chamber, 414 is the first working chamber tube connector, 42 is pushing piston second working chamber, 424 is the second working chamber tube connector, 43 is pushing piston the 3rd working chamber, 434 is the 3rd working chamber tube connector, 44 is pushing piston back of the body working chamber, 45 is pushing piston air reservoir space, 461 is three grades of ladder pushing pistons, 462 is three grades of ladder cylinders, 461b is secondary ladder pushing piston, 462b is secondary ladder cylinder, 463 is pushing piston bar, 464 is bonnet, 465 is flat spring, 466 is pushing piston air reservoir, 47 is pushing piston back of the body working chamber tube connector, 5 is compressor, 51 is compression chamber, 521 is compression piston, 522 is compression cylinder, 53 is motor, 54 is compressor tube connector, 55 is motor tube connector.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Three grades of ladder piston pre-cooling type vascular refrigerators, structure as shown in Figure 1, comprises three grades of ladders and passes piston system 4a, compressor 5 and three grades of pre-cooling type cold head 1a.
Three grades of pre-cooling type cold head 1a comprise first order cold head 11, second level cold head 12 and third level cold head 13.
First order cold head 11 is linked in turn by first order tube connector 101, first order cooler 102, first order regenerator 103, first order cold heat exchanger 111, first order vascular 112, first order vascular hot junction gas uniform device 113 and first order vascular tube connector 114, first order vascular tube connector 114 connects first order air reservoir 123 by first order air reservoir tube connector 122, and first order air reservoir tube connector 122 is provided with first order valve 121; Open first order valve 121 first order air reservoirs 123 to be communicated with between first order vascular tube connector 114, regulate the cold of the adjustable first order cold head 11 of size of first order valve 121.Gas back and forth can flow between each parts.
Second level cold head 12 is linked in turn by second level tube connector 201, second-stage cooler 202, the second level first regenerator 203, second level precool heat exchanger device 204, the second level second regenerator 206, second level cold heat exchanger 211, second level vascular 212, vascular hot junction, second level gas uniform device 213 and second level vascular tube connector 214, second level vascular tube connector 214 connects second level air reservoir 223 by second level air reservoir tube connector 222, and second level air reservoir tube connector 222 is provided with second level valve 221; Open second level valve 221 second level air reservoirs 223 to be communicated with between second level vascular tube connector 214, regulate the cold of the size adjustable second level cold head 12 of second level valve 221.Gas back and forth can flow between each parts.
Third level cold head 13 is by third level tube connector 301, third level cooler 302, the third level first regenerator 303, the third level first precool heat exchanger device 304, the third level second regenerator 306, the third level second precool heat exchanger device 307, the third level the 3rd regenerator 309, third level cold heat exchanger 311, third level vascular 312, third level vascular hot junction gas uniform device 313 and third level vascular tube connector 314 link in turn, third level vascular tube connector 314 connects third level air reservoir 323 by third level air reservoir tube connector 322, third level air reservoir tube connector 322 is provided with third level valve 321, open third level valve 321 third level air reservoirs 323 to be communicated with between third level vascular tube connector 314, regulate the cold of the adjustable third level cold head 13 of size of third level valve 321.Gas back and forth can flow between each parts.
First order cryogenic temperature is generally at 80K, cold exports from first order cold heat exchanger 111, and second level cryogenic temperature is generally at 20K, and cold exports from second level cold heat exchanger 211, third level cryogenic temperature is generally at 4K, and cold exports from third level cold heat exchanger 311.
The right-hand member of vascular is in room temperature, and custom is called hot junction, and left end is at low temperature, and custom is called cold junction.The left end temperature of regenerator is high is called hot junction, and right-hand member temperature is low, and custom is called cold junction.
Second level heat bridge 205, the third level first heat bridge 305 are by second level precool heat exchanger device 204, the third level first precool heat exchanger device 304 and first order cold heat exchanger 111 are connected together, and third level second level precool heat exchanger device 307 and second level cold heat exchanger are connected together by the third level second heat bridge 308.Like this, the cold of first order cold heat exchanger 111 can the precooling second level first regenerator 203, the third level first regenerator 303, and the cold of second level cold heat exchanger 211 can the precooling third level second regenerator 304, make it from the leakage heat leak in hot junction to the first order, instead of the second level.The cold of second level cold heat exchanger 211 can the precooling third level second regenerator 304, makes it from the leakage heat leak in hot junction to the second level, instead of the third level.Like this, the cold of the second level and the third level is just larger.
Heat bridge and heat exchanger, by the good material of heat conduction, are made of such as copper, regenerator and vascular by the material of poor heat conductivity, as stainless steel is made.Regenerative material is filled in regenerator, as stainless steel cloth, copper mesh, shot, ashbury metal ball, HoCu
2the regenerative materials such as ball.
Three grades of ladders pass piston system 4a by three grades of ladder pushing pistons 461, three grades of ladder cylinders 462, pushing piston bar 463, bonnet 464, flat spring 465, pushing piston air reservoir 466 forms, intercepted by bonnet 464 between three grades of ladder cylinders 462 and pushing piston air reservoir 466, three grades of ladder pushing pistons 461 are located at three grades of ladder cylinders 462 inside, flat spring 465 is located in pushing piston air reservoir 466, pushing piston bar 463 runs through bonnet 464, one end of pushing piston bar 463 is supported on flat spring 465, the other end connects with three grades of ladder pushing pistons 461, pushing piston first working chamber 41 is formed between the front end of three grades of ladder pushing pistons 461 and three grades of ladder cylinders 462, pushing piston second working chamber 42, pushing piston the 3rd working chamber 43, form pushing piston between the rear end of three grades of ladder pushing pistons 462 and bonnet 464 and carry on the back working chamber 44.Flat spring 465 supports pushing piston bar 463, and pushing piston bar 463 and three grades of ladder pushing pistons 461 connect, and makes three grades of ladder pushing pistons 461 keep not contacting formation clearance seal in three grades of ladder cylinders 462.Gap sealed being meant to has a minim gap to make gas only have faint leakage between cylinder and piston.Meanwhile, flat spring 465 and three grades of ladder pushing pistons 461 and pushing piston bar 463 form a vibrational system in the axial direction, and this vibrational system has an intrinsic frequency, is called pushing piston intrinsic frequency.Pushing piston air reservoir space 45 keeps pressure substantially constant.Pushing piston back of the body working chamber tube connector 47 connects with compressor tube connector 54.
Compressor 5 is made up of compression piston 521, compression cylinder 522, linear electric motors 53 and compressor tube connector 54, and compression piston 521 and compression cylinder 522 form compression chamber 51.General linear electric motors 53 li have inner stator, external stator, coil, and magnet and flat spring composition, piston is supported in cylinder and makes it keep clearance seal by flat spring.Gap sealed being meant to has a minim gap to make gas only have faint leakage between cylinder and piston.
First order tube connector 101, second level tube connector 201, third level tube connector 301 are connected to compressor tube connector 54, pushing piston back of the body working chamber tube connector 47 is also connected to compressor tube connector 54, such pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 Compressed Gas together with compression chamber 51, supplies three grades of pre-cooling type cold head 1a.And the merit of pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 is from pushing piston first working chamber 41, pushing piston second working chamber 42 and pushing piston the 3rd working chamber 43.
Pushing piston first working chamber 41 connects with first order vascular tube connector 114, pushing piston second working chamber 42 connects with second level vascular tube connector 214, pushing piston the 3rd working chamber 43 connects with third level vascular tube connector 314, like this, the expansion work of each vascular is passed piston first working chamber 41, pushing piston second working chamber 42 and pushing piston the 3rd working chamber 43 and reclaims.
Pushing piston bar 463 plays the effect of driving three grades of ladder pushing pistons 461.The pressure in pushing piston air reservoir space 45 is substantially constant, for average pressure, the pressure of pushing piston first working chamber 41, pushing piston second working chamber 42, pushing piston the 3rd working chamber 43 and pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 is the sinusoidal variations centered by average pressure substantially.Like this, just there is a clear alternating force to act on three grades of ladder pushing pistons 461, overcome flow resistance and make it move.
What drive linear electric motors is alternating current, and its frequency is called refrigeration machine operating frequency.After passing into alternating current to linear electric motors, linear electric motors 53 drive compression piston 521 to move reciprocatingly, and make compression chamber 51 volume be cyclically-varying, thus make gas pressure be the change of near sinusoidal ripple.Gas back and forth can flow between compression chamber, each working chamber of pushing piston, first order cold head, second level cold head, third level cold head, and flowing velocity is sinusoidal wave substantially.
The phase difference changed at gas flowing and the pressure of the cold junction of vascular has an optimum value, thus makes the efficiency of regenerator maximum, and then makes the efficiency of refrigeration machine maximum.This regulates the phase angle of itself and compression piston 521 to realize by regulating the intrinsic frequency of three grades of ladder pushing pistons 461.
The volume of each air reservoir be generally the 5-10 of coupled vascular volume doubly, by regulating the aperture of control valve, capacity adjustable.But when gas is by valve, be throttle effect, demi-inflation merit becomes heat loss, therefore, air reservoir valve is only increase regulating measure, can need not preferably need not.By the design of pushing piston, at least make a vascular pushing piston make phase-shifter and just can reach optimum state.Like this, can throttle effect be reduced, raise the efficiency.If only have a vascular to have air reservoir, also adjustable, but the leeway regulated reduces, and refrigeration is not fine.
Here left and right is only convenient for stating.In the present embodiment, which working chamber of ladder pushing piston at different levels with which grade vascular is connected and all has no relations, as long as a vascular is communicated with a pushing piston working chamber.
Here control valve can be any other have the device that resistance is very large, as aperture, capillary etc.
Flat spring can be replaced by other forms of spring, and the sealing that clearance seal also can be formed by dry friction material replaces.Compression piston and pushing piston also can be replaced by toggle.But from the life-span, it is best that current linear electric motors add flat spring technology.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is:
First order valve 121 in first order cold head 11 is closed condition, now, disconnects first order air reservoir 123 and being communicated with between first order vascular tube connector 114.Be equivalent to not load onto first order air reservoir 123.
Second level valve 221 in second level cold head 12 is closed condition, now, disconnects second level air reservoir 223 and being communicated with between second level vascular tube connector 214.Be equivalent to not load onto second level air reservoir 223.
Third level valve 321 in third level cold head 13 is closed condition, now, disconnects third level air reservoir 323 and being communicated with between third level vascular tube connector 314.Be equivalent to not load onto third level air reservoir 323.
Now, the structure of three grades of ladder piston pre-cooling type vascular refrigerators as shown in Figure 2.Owing to having lacked air reservoir adjustment, although do not have restriction loss, theoretical efficiency is the highest, and due to the adjustment lacking air reservoir, the design of cold at different levels does not have Fig. 1 flexible.
In Fig. 3, in about mid portion second level vascular heat bridge 231 and the thermo-contact of first order cold heat exchanger 111 of second level vascular 212, third level vascular 312 about from hot junction 1/3rd place with third level vascular first heat bridge 331 and the thermo-contact of the third level first precool heat exchanger device 304, third level vascular 312 about from cold junction 1/3rd place with third level vascular second heat bridge 332 and the thermo-contact of the third level second forecooler 307, like this, the heat conduction to cold junction in vascular hot junction just can reduce, thus increases cold.Particularly when temperature is close to 4K, cold is very little, and the reduction of heat conduction has great significance for raising the efficiency.Here, each heat bridge directly can contact to reduce thermal resistance with cold exchanger heat, reduces heat conduction loss.The thermo-contact position of heat bridge and vascular is called corresponding site, and this position is not when having heat bridge, and temperature is a little more than the temperature of the cold heat exchanger with its thermo-contact.Such cold heat exchanger can tackle the heat come from hot junction stream.
Embodiment 3
Secondary ladder piston pre-cooling type vascular refrigerator, structure as shown in Figure 4, comprises secondary ladder and passes piston system 4b, compressor 5 and secondary pre-cooling type cold head 1b.
Secondary pre-cooling type cold head 1b comprises first order cold head 11 and first order cold head 12, and difference from Example 1 is, secondary pre-cooling type cold head 1b has lacked third level cold head.
Secondary ladder is passed piston system 4b difference from Example 1 and is, ladder pushing piston and the ladder cylinder of secondary ladder passing piston system 4b become secondary ladder pushing piston 461b and secondary ladder cylinder 462b.Secondary ladder pushing piston 461b and secondary ladder cylinder 462b forms pushing piston first working chamber 41 and pushing piston second working chamber 42.
The structure of compressor 5 is identical with embodiment 1.
First order tube connector 101, second level tube connector 201 are connected to compressor tube connector 54, pushing piston back of the body working chamber tube connector 47 is also connected to compressor tube connector 54, such pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 Compressed Gas together with compression chamber 51, supply secondary pre-cooling type cold head 1b.And the merit of pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 is from pushing piston first working chamber 41, pushing piston second working chamber 42.
Pushing piston first working chamber 41 connects with first order vascular tube connector 114, pushing piston second working chamber 42 connects with second level vascular tube connector 214, like this, the expansion work of each vascular is passed piston first working chamber 41 and pushing piston second working chamber 42 reclaims.
Pushing piston bar 463 plays the effect driving secondary ladder pushing piston 461b.The pressure in pushing piston air reservoir space 45 is substantially constant, is average pressure, and the pressure of pushing piston first working chamber 41, pushing piston second working chamber 42 and pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 is the sinusoidal variations centered by average pressure substantially.Like this, just there is a clear alternating force to act on secondary ladder pushing piston 461b, overcome flow resistance and make it move.
Embodiment 4
Difference from Example 3 is:
First order valve 121 in first order cold head 11 is closed condition, now, disconnects first order air reservoir 123 and being communicated with between first order vascular tube connector 114.Be equivalent to not load onto first order air reservoir 123.
Second level valve 221 in second level cold head 12 is closed condition, now, disconnects second level air reservoir 223 and being communicated with between second level vascular tube connector 214.Be equivalent to not load onto second level air reservoir 223.
Now, the structure of secondary ladder piston pre-cooling type vascular refrigerator as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment 5
Difference from Example 1 is, three grades of ladders are passed piston system 4a and are provided with two altogether, and be symmetrical arranged, to reduce vibrations, after being communicated with by pushing piston back of the body working chamber tube connector 47 between the pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 of two three grades of ladders passing piston system 4a, be communicated with the compression chamber 51 of compressor again, be communicated with by tube connector 48 between the pushing piston air reservoir 466 of two three grades of ladders passing piston system 4a, be connected with vascular tube connector respectively again after being communicated with between the identical pushing piston working chamber of two three grades of ladders passing piston system 4a.Namely connect with first order vascular tube connector 114 again after being communicated with by the first working chamber tube connector 414 between two pushing piston first working chambers 41, connect with second level vascular tube connector 214 again after being communicated with by the second working chamber tube connector 424 between two pushing piston second working chambers 42, connect with third level vascular tube connector 314 again after being communicated with by the 3rd working chamber tube connector 434 between two pushing piston the 3rd working chambers 43.Schematic diagram when three grades of pushing piston systems use in pairs as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 6
Difference from Example 3 is, secondary ladder is passed piston system 4b and is provided with two altogether, and be symmetrical arranged, to reduce vibrations, after being communicated with by pushing piston back of the body working chamber tube connector 47 between the pushing piston back of the body working chamber 44 of two secondary ladder passing piston system 4b, be communicated with the compression chamber 51 of compressor again, be communicated with by tube connector 48 between the pushing piston air reservoir 466 of two secondary ladder passing piston system 4b, be connected with vascular tube connector respectively again after being communicated with between the identical pushing piston working chamber of two secondary ladder passing piston system 4b.Namely connect with first order vascular tube connector 114 again after being communicated with by the first working chamber tube connector 414 between two pushing piston first working chambers 41, connect with second level vascular tube connector 214 again after being communicated with by the second working chamber tube connector 424 between two pushing piston second working chambers 42.Schematic diagram when secondary ladder passing piston system 4b uses in pairs as shown in Figure 7.
Embodiment 7
Difference from Example 1 is, compressor 5 is provided with two altogether, and is symmetrical arranged, and is connected between the linear electric motors 53 of two compressors by motor tube connector 55, and left and right is symmetrical as far as possible like this.After being communicated with by compressor tube connector 54 between the compression chamber 51 of two compressors, then be connected by tube connector with the cooler in every one-level cold head respectively.Schematic diagram when compressor uses in pairs as shown in Figure 8.
According to above thinking, n level pre-cooling type vascular refrigerator can be designed.
Claims (10)
1. a pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine, it is characterized in that, comprise compressor, n level cold head and n level ladder and pass piston system, wherein, n be greater than 1 integer, every one-level cold head includes cooler, regenerator, cold heat exchanger and vascular, is connected between adjacent cold head by heat bridge, and the cold heat exchanger in n-th grade of cold head is as the cold output of n-th grade; The compression chamber of described compressor is connected with the cooler in every one-level cold head respectively, the pushing piston working chamber that described n level ladder passes piston system is connected with vascular respectively, and the pushing piston back of the body working chamber that described n level ladder passes piston system is communicated with the compression chamber of compressor.
2. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the vascular hot junction at least in one-level cold head connects air reservoir by control valve or aperture.
3. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, containing n regenerator and n-1 precool heat exchanger device in n-th grade of cold head, described regenerator and precool heat exchanger device are alternately connected between cooler and cold heat exchanger successively.
4. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described compressor is made up of compression piston, compression cylinder, linear electric motors and compressor tube connector, described compression piston is located at compression cylinder inside, and be connected with the linear electric motors being positioned at compression cylinder outside, described compression piston and compression cylinder form compression chamber, and described compressor tube connector is connected with compression chamber.
5. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described compressor is provided with two altogether, and be symmetrical arranged, connected by tube connector between the linear electric motors of two compressors, after being communicated with by compressor tube connector between the compression chamber of two compressors, then be connected by tube connector with the cooler in every one-level cold head respectively.
6. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described n level ladder passes piston system by n level ladder pushing piston, n level ladder cylinder, pushing piston bar, bonnet, flat spring and pushing piston air reservoir composition, intercepted by bonnet between described n level ladder cylinder and pushing piston air reservoir, described n level ladder pushing piston is located at n level ladder cylinder interior, described flat spring is located in pushing piston air reservoir, described pushing piston bar runs through bonnet, one end of pushing piston bar is supported on flat spring, the other end connects with n level ladder pushing piston, n pushing piston working chamber is formed between the front end of described n level ladder pushing piston and n level ladder cylinder, form pushing piston between the rear end of n level ladder pushing piston and bonnet and carry on the back working chamber.
7. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described n level ladder is passed piston system and is provided with two altogether, and be symmetrical arranged, after being communicated with by tube connector between the pushing piston back of the body working chamber of two n level ladder passing piston systems, be communicated with the compression chamber of compressor again, be communicated with by tube connector between the pushing piston air reservoir of two n level ladder passing piston systems, be connected with vascular tube connector respectively again after being communicated with between the identical pushing piston working chamber of two n level ladder passing piston systems.
8. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the corresponding site of the vascular in n-th grade of cold head is connected by heat bridge with the cold heat exchanger in prime cold head.
9. a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the corresponding site of the vascular in n-th grade of cold head is connected by heat bridge with the cold heat exchanger in each cold head of prime.
10., according to the arbitrary described a kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine of claim 1 ~ 9, it is characterized in that, n=2 or 3.
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| CN201310596109.1A CN104654649B (en) | 2013-11-22 | 2013-11-22 | A kind of pre-cooling type multi-stage pulse tube refrigeration machine |
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