CN104652387A - Water oil recovery emergency disposal method - Google Patents
Water oil recovery emergency disposal method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104652387A CN104652387A CN201310597626.0A CN201310597626A CN104652387A CN 104652387 A CN104652387 A CN 104652387A CN 201310597626 A CN201310597626 A CN 201310597626A CN 104652387 A CN104652387 A CN 104652387A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000003305 oil spill Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 313
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008953 bacterial degradation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/042—Devices for removing the oil by combustion with or without means for picking up the oil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/045—Separating means for recovering oil floating on a surface of open water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/10—Devices for removing the material from the surface
- E02B15/101—Means floating loosely on the water absorbing the oil
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/204—Keeping clear the surface of open water from oil spills
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an overwater oil recovery emergency disposal method. When the oil product leaks, the oil product at the leakage point is surrounded at the first time, the oil source is cut off, the oil product is prevented from continuously entering the river, and the oil spill of the polluted water body is fundamentally cut off; an entity dam and a control dam are constructed by utilizing field resources, and an oil containment boom and an oil absorption boom are rapidly arranged in a river channel to intercept oil heads and prevent leaked oil products from continuously diffusing; in addition, the river channel gate is fully utilized to control or shunt upstream incoming water, the water level is well controlled, and conditions are created for oil recovery; recovering leaked oil products by adopting a pump, an oil recovery machine, an oil absorption felt and a oil condensing agent; after the oil recovery work is finished, the sewage on both sides of a river and in water is quickly and gradually cleaned and incinerated from the oil leakage position to the downstream, and the oil spill dispersant and the oleophilic bacteria are sprayed to degrade residual oil. The invention organically connects all links of oil recovery and disposal, and can improve the emergency response capability, decision-making capability and operation capability of oil spill emergency commanders and operators.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of Oil Recovery emergence treating method waterborne.Relate to petroleum industry and pipe-line system technical field.
Background technology
In recent years, along with rapid economic development, energy demand constantly increases.In oil extraction, transport and refining process, the probability that oil spill river event occurs increases to some extent.Sea oil spill can not get quick recycling disposal, by the ecological environment that the serious harm mankind depend on for existence.
In long-term pipeline contingency management process, define and the comparatively ripe understanding of method of disposal and link is respectively rushed to repair to land oil spilling, but comparatively careful disposal experience and method are lacked to water leaked Oil Recovery.Oil Recovery disposal technology method waterborne is the emergency repair method based on oil pipeline generation leakage pollution river.Its core concept is after oil product enters river event generation, utilizes field resources, according to risk identification and evaluation rubric, takes a blanking method to control oil product influx and range of scatter, the links of emergency repair is carried out organic linking.
At present, domestic defining with oil receiving equipment, the oil fence, oil suction holder hurdle, asphalt felt, fuel thickener, detergent etc. is the water leaked Oil Recovery method of disposal introduction of equipment goods and materials, but this is only limitted to laying and use of single receipts oil equipment goods and materials waterborne, do not provide the how scientific and reasonable use of equipment goods and materials under emergency repair state, organic linking is not carried out to the links that Oil Recovery is disposed yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to invent the Oil Recovery emergency disposal technical method waterborne that a kind of links that Oil Recovery is disposed obtains organic linking, the emergency reaction ability that can improve spill response commanding and operating personnel, decision-making capability and work capacity.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: be a kind ofly business connecting points based on pipe leakage emergency repair experience, the implementer's case that is implementation basis with the links of oil leak emergency disposal waterborne.
After oil product leaks, the very first time surrounds leakage point oil product, cuts off oil sources, stops oil product to continue to enter river, fundamentally cuts off the oil spilling of polluted-water; And utilize field resources, construct entity dam, control dam, the quick oil fence, the oil-absorbing tow fence of arranging in river course is to tackle oil head simultaneously, stops and leaks oil product continuation diffusion; In addition, make full use of river course gate and control or tapped upstream water, controlling water level well, creating conditions for receiving oil; Adopt pump, oil receiving equipment, asphalt felt, fuel thickener to reclaim and leak oil product; Receive after oil work, fast from oil leak position, progressively to clear up to downstream, the dirt burned in two sides, river and water, sprinkling oil-spill dispersant and addicted to oiliness bacterial degradation Residual oil.
Main implementation step is:
Dispose for small-sized spill response:
One. overall direction thought
After oil product enters river event generation, utilize field resources, a blanking method is taked to cut off oil sources, control influx and range of scatter, when conditions permit, first consider river cut-out, process of changing its course, consider again to take other recovery measures after Environmental capacity is in certain not flow region; Meanwhile, before contaminant water section flows into responsive waters, can consider to be drained into the low-lying locations such as periphery farmland, fishpond, reduce the pollution to responsive waters as far as possible.
Two. basic skills
If 1. pipeline is at the places of passing through such as dry anhydrous irrigation canals and ditches, brook and river courses or leaking from the place away from the waters such as irrigation canals and ditches, brook and river, first terrain should be considered, within the shortest time, take cofferdam or build entity dam at low-lying place, leakage of oil point downstream method dead to irrigation canals and ditches, brook lock to be controlled leak oil product and continue to flow into downstream river, avoid the further expansion of the environment pollution state of affairs.
Meanwhile, ore deposit, hole discarded near leakage point or larger dry irrigation canals and ditches etc., or in cofferdam, oil-collecting hole and Oil Guide ditch are excavated in the outside position away from waters, and anti-permeating plastics cloth is laid in oil-collecting hole and Oil Guide ditch.In addition, also according to the discrepancy in elevation of leakage point and both sides, the oil mass that may leak should be estimated, guarantee that oil-collecting hole volume can meet oil leak amount depositing before tank car arrives.
If 2. leak oil product to enter water body, or pipeline leaks at the waters place of passing through, first should consider the selection of tackling setting, its basic system of selection is that the position relying on the coast is clear vehicles such as bridge, dam, sluice, turning, river, the floating thing place of concentrating conveniently to enter along river sets each interception, recycling disposal point.
(1) enter after irrigation canals and ditches, brook and river width be less than the narrow water of 20 meters if leak oil product, the mode of building a dam should be taked rapidly to tackle at low-lying place, leakage point downstream, the material of building a dam should be gathered materials on the spot, conventional has earth, sandbag, snow, plank, steel pipe, vegetation, active carbon etc., and the type of building a dam mainly contains entity dam, controls dam, haystack dam, active carbon dam etc.If have discarded ore deposit, hole or larger dry irrigation canals and ditches and fish pond etc. around leakage point, excavate Oil Guide ditch so far trapped fuel simultaneously.
(2) when leakage oil product enters comparatively after Open sea area, should take into full account that utilizing assault boat to lay the oil fence carries out interception operation, and it is oily to utilize oil receiving equipment to carry out receipts in time.The oil fence is laid to utilize and is cast anchor or beat in two sides, river course firm piling bar, timber or utilize the form of existing trees etc. to be fixed, the oil fence is relevant with the flow velocity of river with the angle in river, when water velocity is more than 0.7 joint, the oil fence and current are allowed to form an angle, and flow velocity is larger, angle is less, and angle generally should control between 15 ° ~ 60 °.
1. the distribution method at river course straight (river width < 50m) place: adopt stepped construction to lay, can be focused on by oil spilling on fixing receipts oil drop fast, as shown in Figure 1, the oil fence selects specifications and models according to water flow velocity and oil spillage;
2. the distribution method at river course straight (river width > 50m) place: river river surface width being greater than to 50m, adopts chevron shaped structure to lay, as shown in Figure 2 or Figure 3; Or adopt stepped construction to lay, as shown in Figure 1, oil spilling effectively can be directed to two sides, river by the method;
3. the distribution method at ocean, seashore and torrent place: according to tide size and river torrent flow velocity size, the choose reasonable ocean type oil fence, the seashore type oil fence, the high and oil spillage according to wave, the size of choose reasonable oil fence hurdle skirt;
4. the distribution method at river course bend place: the laying at bend place, river course utilizes the camber in river course and the track of water movement, reclaimed by oil spilling quick collection to bank.When the work of receipts oil is conveniently carried out on the bank, right side of river direction, adopt oil fence distribution method as shown in Figure 4; When the work of receipts oil is conveniently carried out on the bank, left side of river direction, adopt oil fence distribution method as shown in Figure 5;
5. the distribution method at subglacial flowing water place: in the winter time, if there is pipeline oil leak event in ice-bound underwater, the ice groove that opens ice out should be adopted to lay the method for the oil fence according to water (flow) direction, oil spilling is enclosed lead and reclaim in a concentrated region of opening ice, and enough large mobile oil sac is set or light oil storage pot utilizes oil receiving equipment to carry out receiving oily operation.
3. after pipeline generation incident of leakage, should get in touch to the river management department of pipeline by way of relevant waters immediately, control river in oil spilling escape route well and to be correlated with sluice (comprising the sluice of pipe leakage point upstream), according to upland water amount reasonable water level control, namely guaranteed water level does not cover under sluice causes oil spilling and lets out, and does not too much cause the work of receipts oil difficult again because discharge water.And the sluice of closing as far as possible on other river of collecting, the oriented oil spilling escape river of institute, in water system developed regions, by point streamflow such as barrier gate, back brake, reduce flow velocity, alleviate receipts oil pressure.Without on the river of sluice, the method for building a dam can be adopted, dead to unessential river lock of building a dam.
4. leak the difference because of its quantity such as oil product and the water polluted, solid impurity, controlled environment is different with region, and the reason such as the difference of physical property own, how to be received into safe place, it is the important step of process oil spilling work, skilled grasp receives the scientific and reasonable using method of oily equipment, facility and goods and materials, and to be organically combined with scene reality be the key of this link of deciding the issue of the battle.
(1) pump: be applicable to have bad luck or reclaim and landly contained within the specific limits, the leakage oil product that relative quantity more greatly, is comparatively concentrated.Employing can carry out the explosion-proof type pump class of operation to crude oil, product oil, oil-cut mud etc., specifically should select the pump and the annex thereof that are applicable to parameter in conjunction with the physical characteristic (viscosity, volatility etc.) of leaking oil product.Selection can directly utilize or be easy to on-the-spot place of building, and is convenient to pump class and corollary equipment thereof, container turnover field operation that oil product is leaked in shipment, reasonable deployment face and receive oily equipment.Should consider the position of oil truck, light oil storage pot or oil storage bag, pump even if whether whether suction journey meets, whether Pump Suction Nozzle can be emptied to this place by most of oil product, exist and also oil product directly cannot be pumped into tank car through on-the-spot build, need multiple stage pump, tank relay have bad luck the various factors such as entrucking.The scene that core intersection on, the water surface comparatively large for leakage rate is greater than 3cm is reclaimed, and can dig an oil-collecting hole again on bank, directly introduced in hole by the oil product on the water surface, the bottom of trench height of drainage canal is concordant with the water surface, as shown in Figure 6.Oil product in oil-collecting being cheated directly enters tank with pump oil extraction.
(2) vacuum oil recovering machine: be applicable to landly be dispersed in the oil product and greasy filth that beach, rock, hole wall etc. cannot concentrate; Also hydrous water can receive oil head and oil receiving equipment by shovel, reclaim the oil spilling in the less shallow water face of viscosity between oil receiving equipment and asphalt felt two kinds of capacities of equipment.Oil spilling in land oil-collecting hole is when pump cannot continue to reclaim, and first-selection utilizes vacuum oil recovering machine directly to aspirate and reclaims.Also to suitably water filling in hole, after making oil product floating, can reclaim on top layer.In hydrostatic or comparatively slow, more shallow, the weedy region of river bend current, be also applicable to adopting vacuum oil extracting machine.
(3) oil receiving equipment waterborne: receipts oily equipment receipts oil should be thought of as when leaking oil product and containing in advance and create favorable conditions, receive oil drop and select will consider and the distance of highway, the vantage point selecting to construct fast field operation condition; Again select current comparatively mild, the not fugacious section of oil product, the less factor such as comparatively safe of the personnel that take into account; The setting of sundries blocking grid should guarantee that foreign material waterborne are blocked, meet oil receiving equipment not blocking, that the downstream oil fence blocks oily effect is unaffected; Meet floating foreign material to be recovered in the solid sundries hole of environmental protection antiseepage, be provided with oil-collecting pitting near lower side in hole simultaneously, in time the oil spilling that the profit vacated and oil receiving equipment reclaim directly is received in tank car, mobile oil sac or light oil storage pot.In order to play the maximum efficiency of oil receiving equipment, should build or utilize landform to construct and receiving oil scene, as shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10, reduce the oil product of having assembled as far as possible and escape by the impact of streamflow.
(4) asphalt felt and the associating oil suction of oil suction holder hurdle: the sensitizing ranges such as the place thinner at oil reservoir, oil receiving equipment recovering effect is bad or wetland will be avoided using any mechanical way of recycling, because heavy equipment causes larger infringement by reclaiming to oil spilling and processing.Should consider to adopt asphalt felt and oil suction hurdle to adsorb, the adsorption site of setting should pay the utmost attention to the section of bridge, the oil fence also can be utilized to manufacture inner lead, throw in asphalt felt in upstream, increases assimilation effect and is convenient to salvage.
(5) fuel thickener: in hydrostatic, oil reservoir is thin and relative area is less region, should select to adopt fuel thickener to carry out Oil Recovery.Adopt ship and oil fence coordinating operation simultaneously.
5. when after the oily end-of-job of receipts, in the water body and soil of oil leak, also there is a small amount of irretrievable oil spilling, now, sprinkling oil-spill dispersant binding activities charcoal dam should be adopted to clear up.On bridge or sluice upstream manually shed the remaining oil bloom of oil-spill dispersant process.Oil-spill dispersant is adapted at open waters, current are fast, temperature is high waters uses, and be applicable to the oil spilling of process thinner thickness, its use should strictly observe national regulations.Meanwhile, on bridge or the suitable section of Downstream of Sluice build active carbon dam, can further improve oil product cleaning effect.
After determining that oil leak has been rushed to repair, artificial or mechanical chipping remains in the greasy dirt soil and plant along both sides, riverbank to enter river point from oil product successively.Intercept point is also removed from upstream toward downstream successively, last intercept point upstream complete liquidation is complete meet the requirements after, then give and removing.The oil fence on recovery arrived ship before should first all anchor lines and the oil fence be thrown off, when to be hung by the oil fence ashore on ship with devices such as cranes, attention can not be hung on oil fence carrying handle, hang on solid anchoring part and mention the oil fence.
In addition, in oil spilling removal process, the solid oil dirts such as the discarded asphalt felt that the process of portable multi-purpose incinerator need be used a small amount of and oil suction holder hurdle, a large amount of solid oil dirts is transported to chemical industry soot burning disposal.To the river course cleared up and soil, can utilize, addicted to oiliness bacterium, remaining sump oil be carried out biodegradation.
Dispose for large-scale spill response:
For the water surface occur a large amount of oil spilling or water surface oil product not easily reclaim time, recommendation fence post for preventing oil storage container fromb eing by oil product corral to water flow stationary and controlled burning is carried out in the section of surrounding enviroment spaciousness.Controlled burning method is relative to the good protection of the environment of other Oil Recovery methods energy and expense is lower, but the agreement of candidate environmental administration expediently.
Take controlled burning dispose oil spilling time, should note following some:
1. formulate any process of combustion, combustion in situ or special burning plan time all preferentially must formulate safety program, commanding must consider every possible angle the potential explosion hazard of combustion in situ, and carries out the scale of forecast combustion and lasting time according to the burning oil spillage estimated, burn rate and Combustion System measure;
2. any personnel relating to combustion in situ through professional training, should possess strain capacity, know the laws and regulations that country is relevant, and assort personal security's protective gear;
3. formulate regarding safety operation sequence, prepare enough fence post for preventing oil storage container fromb eings, carry out investigations with helicopter to field condition, emergent boats and ships will be in weather, the air quality etc. of monitoring people residence;
4. carry out the comparison of the air impact of oil spilling combustion zone and the potential impact in non-burning region.
The links that the present invention makes Oil Recovery dispose obtains organic linking, can improve the emergency reaction ability of spill response commanding and operating personnel, decision-making capability and work capacity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The laying schematic diagram at Fig. 1 river course straight (river width < 50m) place
The laying schematic diagram (1) at Fig. 2 river course straight (river width > 50m) place
The laying schematic diagram (2) at Fig. 3 river course straight (river width > 50m) place
Bend place, Fig. 4 river course oil fence distribution method schematic diagram (1)
Bend place, Fig. 5 river course oil fence distribution method schematic diagram (2)
Schematic diagram laid by Fig. 6 drainage canal
Schematic diagram (1) is laid at scene, Fig. 7 medium-sized river (the different terrain oil fence)
Schematic diagram (2) is laid at scene, Fig. 8 medium-sized river (the different terrain oil fence)
Schematic diagram (3) is laid at scene, Fig. 9 medium-sized river (the different terrain oil fence)
Schematic diagram (4) is laid at scene, Figure 10 medium-sized river (the different terrain oil fence)
Wherein
1-spud pile (tree) 2-rope
4-oil-collecting hole, 3-Oil Guide hurdle
5-oil slick, 6-oil spilling layer
Concrete embodiment
Embodiment 1., with this example, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described and the present invention is further illustrated.The emergence treating method that this example is a kind of crude oil, processed oil pipeline oil leak enters the Inland Waters such as rivers, lake, irrigation canals and ditches, brook, implementation step is as follows:
1. for small rivers oil spilling:
1) " one encloses ": after oil product leaks, the very first time surrounds leakage point oil product, cuts off oil sources, stops oil product to continue to enter river, fundamentally cuts off the oil spilling of polluted-water;
2) " two block ": after step 1) completes, constructs entity dam, controls dam etc., or arrange the oil fence, oil-absorbing tow fence fast in river course to tackle oil head with the shape shown in accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2, stops and leaks oil product continuation diffusion;
3) " three control ": make full use of river course gate and control or tapped upstream water, control water level well, create conditions for receiving oil;
4) " four receive ": after correctly blocking oil, Oil Guide, adopts pump, oil receiving equipment, asphalt felt, fuel thickener etc. to reclaim and leaks oil product;
5) " five is clear ": after completing above four steps, fast from oil leak position, progressively to clear up to downstream, the dirt burned in two sides, river and water, sprays oil-spill dispersant and addicted to oiliness bacterial degradation Residual oil.
Embodiment 2. is for relatively large river oil spilling: take most effective method-controlled burning.For the water surface occur a large amount of oil spilling or water surface oil product not easily reclaim time, use fence post for preventing oil storage container fromb eing by oil product corral to water flow stationary and controlled burning is carried out in the section of surrounding enviroment spaciousness.Controlled burning method is relative to the good protection of the environment of other Oil Recovery methods energy and expense is lower, but the agreement of candidate environmental administration expediently.
This example is through on probation, efficiently solve that water leaked Oil Recovery method of disposal is single, equipment goods and materials use unscientific problem, the connecting of the links that Oil Recovery waterborne is disposed under enhancing emergency rating, improve the emergency reaction ability of spill response commanding and operating personnel, decision-making capability and work capacity, be with a wide range of applications.
Claims (11)
1. an Oil Recovery emergence treating method waterborne, it is characterized in that for small-sized spill response method of disposal be:
After oil product leaks, the very first time surrounds leakage point oil product, cuts off oil sources, stops oil product to continue to enter river, fundamentally cuts off the oil spilling of polluted-water; And utilize field resources, construct entity dam, control dam, the quick oil fence, the oil-absorbing tow fence of arranging in river course is to tackle oil head simultaneously, stops and leaks oil product continuation diffusion; In addition, make full use of river course gate and control or tapped upstream water, controlling water level well, creating conditions for receiving oil; Adopt pump, oil receiving equipment, asphalt felt, fuel thickener to reclaim and leak oil product; Receive after oil work, fast from oil leak position, progressively to clear up to downstream, the dirt burned in two sides, river and water, sprinkling oil-spill dispersant and addicted to oiliness bacterial degradation Residual oil;
1) if pipeline is at dry anhydrous irrigation canals and ditches, brook and across-river place or leaking from the place away from irrigation canals and ditches, brook and river water area, first terrain is considered, within the shortest time, take cofferdam or build entity dam at low-lying place, leakage of oil point downstream method dead to irrigation canals and ditches, brook lock to be controlled leak oil product and continue to flow into downstream river, avoid the further expansion of the environment pollution state of affairs;
Meanwhile, ore deposit, hole discarded near leakage point or larger dry irrigation canals and ditches, or in cofferdam, oil-collecting hole and Oil Guide ditch are excavated in the outside position away from waters, and anti-permeating plastics cloth is laid in oil-collecting hole and Oil Guide ditch; In addition, also according to the discrepancy in elevation of leakage point and both sides, the oil mass that may leak should be estimated, guarantee that oil-collecting hole volume can meet oil leak amount depositing before tank car arrives;
2) if leak oil product to enter water body, or pipeline leaks at the waters place of passing through, first consider the selection of interception setting, its basic system of selection is that the position relying on bridge, dam, sluice, turning, river, the floating thing place of concentrating the coast is clear vehicle conveniently to enter along river sets each interception, recycling disposal point;
3) after pipeline generation incident of leakage, should get in touch to the river management department of pipeline by way of relevant waters immediately, control river in oil spilling escape route well and to be correlated with sluice, according to upland water amount reasonable water level control, namely guaranteed water level does not cover under sluice causes oil spilling and lets out, and does not too much cause the work of receipts oil difficult again because discharge water; And the sluice of closing as far as possible on other river of collecting, the oriented oil spilling escape river of institute, in water system developed regions, divide streamflow by barrier gate, back brake, reduce flow velocity, alleviate receipts oil pressure; Without on the river of sluice, adopt the method for building a dam, dead to unessential river lock of building a dam;
4) leak oil product and the water polluted thereof, solid impurity because of the difference of its quantity, controlled environment is different with region, and the reason of discrepancies of physical property own, should be received into safe place; Skilled grasp receives the scientific and reasonable using method of oily equipment, facility and goods and materials, and to be organically combined with scene reality be the key of this link of deciding the issue of the battle;
5) when after the oily end-of-job of receipts, in the water body and soil of oil leak, also there is a small amount of irretrievable oil spilling, now, sprinkling oil-spill dispersant binding activities charcoal dam should be adopted to clear up; Strictly observe the regulations of country, on bridge or sluice upstream manually shed the remaining oil bloom of oil-spill dispersant process; Meanwhile, on bridge or the suitable section of Downstream of Sluice build active carbon dam, improve oil product cleaning effect further;
After determining that oil leak has been rushed to repair, artificial or mechanical chipping remains in the greasy dirt soil and plant along both sides, riverbank to enter river point from oil product successively; Intercept point is also removed from upstream toward downstream successively, last intercept point upstream complete liquidation is complete meet the requirements after, then give and removing; The oil fence on recovery arrived ship before should first all anchor lines and the oil fence be thrown off, when to be hung by the oil fence ashore on ship with hoisting device, attention can not be hung on oil fence carrying handle, hang on solid anchoring part and mention the oil fence.
2. Oil Recovery emergence treating method waterborne according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in oil spilling removal process, the discarded asphalt felt that the process of portable multi-purpose incinerator need be used a small amount of and oil suction holder hurdle solid oil dirt, a large amount of solid oil dirts is transported to chemical industry soot burning disposal; To the river course cleared up and soil, utilize, addicted to oiliness bacterium, remaining sump oil is carried out biodegradation.
3. Oil Recovery emergence treating method waterborne according to claim 1, leaking oil product if it is characterized in that enters after irrigation canals and ditches, brook and river width be less than the narrow water of 20 meters, the mode of building a dam should be taked rapidly to tackle at low-lying place, leakage point downstream, the material of building a dam should be gathered materials on the spot, conventional has earth, sandbag, snow, plank, steel pipe, vegetation, active carbon, and the type of building a dam mainly contains entity dam, controls dam, haystack dam, active carbon dam; If have discarded ore deposit, hole or larger dry irrigation canals and ditches and fish pond around leakage point, excavate Oil Guide ditch so far trapped fuel simultaneously.
4. Oil Recovery emergence treating method waterborne according to claim 1, is characterized in that when leakage oil product enters comparatively after Open sea area, should take into full account that utilizing assault boat to lay the oil fence carries out interception operation, and it is oily to utilize oil receiving equipment to carry out receipts in time; The oil fence is laid to utilize and is cast anchor or beat in two sides, river course firm piling bar, timber or utilize timbered form to be fixed, the oil fence is relevant with the flow velocity of river with the angle in river, when water velocity is more than 0.7 joint, the oil fence and current are allowed to form an angle, and flow velocity is larger, angle is less, and angle generally should control between 15 ° ~ 60 °.
5. Oil Recovery emergence treating method waterborne according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the distribution method at subglacial flowing water place: in the winter time, if there is pipeline oil leak event in ice-bound underwater, the ice groove that opens ice out should be adopted to lay the method for the oil fence according to water (flow) direction, oil spilling is enclosed lead and reclaim in a concentrated region of opening ice, and enough large mobile oil sac is set or light oil storage pot utilizes oil receiving equipment to carry out receiving oily operation.
6. Oil Recovery emergence treating method waterborne according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described skilled scientific and reasonable using method receiving oily equipment, facility and goods and materials of grasping is:
1) pump: be applicable to have bad luck or reclaim and landly contained within the specific limits, the leakage oil product that relative quantity more greatly, is comparatively concentrated, employing can carry out the explosion-proof type pump class of operation to crude oil, product oil, oil-cut mud, specifically should in conjunction with the pump and the annex thereof that leak the viscosity of oil product, volatility physical characteristic selects to be applicable to parameter; Selection can directly utilize or be easy to on-the-spot place of building, and is convenient to pump class and corollary equipment thereof, container turnover field operation that oil product is leaked in shipment, reasonable deployment face and receive oily equipment; Should consider the position of oil truck, light oil storage pot or oil storage bag, pump even if whether whether suction journey meets, whether Pump Suction Nozzle can be emptied to this place by most of oil product, exist and also oil product directly cannot be pumped into tank car through on-the-spot build, need multiple stage pump, tank relay have bad luck the various factors such as entrucking; The scene that core intersection on, the water surface comparatively large for leakage rate is greater than 3cm is reclaimed, and dig an oil-collecting hole again on bank, directly introduced in hole by the oil product on the water surface, the bottom of trench height of drainage canal is concordant with the water surface, and the oil product in oil-collecting hole is directly entered tank with pump oil extraction;
2) vacuum oil recovering machine: be applicable to landly to be dispersed in beach, oil product that rock, hole wall cannot be concentrated and greasy filth; On hydrous water, shovel receives oil head and oil receiving equipment, reclaims the oil spilling in the less shallow water face of viscosity between oil receiving equipment and asphalt felt two kinds of capacities of equipment; Oil spilling in land oil-collecting hole is when pump cannot continue to reclaim, and first-selection utilizes vacuum oil recovering machine directly to aspirate and reclaims; Or to suitably water filling in hole, after making oil product floating, reclaim on top layer; In hydrostatic or comparatively slow, more shallow, the weedy region of river bend current, be also applicable to adopting vacuum oil extracting machine;
3) oil receiving equipment waterborne: receipts oily equipment receipts oil should be thought of as when leaking oil product and containing in advance and create favorable conditions, receive oil drop and select will consider and the distance of highway, the vantage point selecting to construct fast field operation condition; Again select current comparatively mild, the not fugacious section of oil product, the less factor such as comparatively safe of the personnel that take into account; The setting of sundries blocking grid should guarantee that foreign material waterborne are blocked, meet oil receiving equipment not blocking, that the downstream oil fence blocks oily effect is unaffected; Meet floating foreign material to be recovered in the solid sundries hole of environmental protection antiseepage, be provided with oil-collecting pitting near lower side in hole simultaneously, in time the oil spilling that the profit vacated and oil receiving equipment reclaim directly is received in tank car, mobile oil sac or light oil storage pot; In order to play the maximum efficiency of oil receiving equipment, should build or utilize landform to construct and receiving oil scene, reduce the oil product of having assembled as far as possible and escape by the impact of streamflow;
4) asphalt felt and the associating oil suction of oil suction holder hurdle: the place thinner at oil reservoir, oil receiving equipment recovering effect is bad or wetland sensitizing range will be avoided using any mechanical way of recycling, should consider to adopt asphalt felt and oil suction hurdle to adsorb, the adsorption site arranged should pay the utmost attention to the section of bridge, also the oil fence can be utilized to manufacture inner lead, throw in asphalt felt in upstream, increase assimilation effect and be convenient to salvage;
5) fuel thickener: in hydrostatic, oil reservoir is thin and relative area is less region, should select to adopt fuel thickener to carry out Oil Recovery; Adopt ship and oil fence coordinating operation simultaneously.
7. Oil Recovery emergence treating method waterborne according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the straight and distribution method at river width < 50m place in river course: adopt stepped construction to lay, can be focused on by oil spilling fast on fixing receipts oil drop, the oil fence selects specifications and models according to water flow velocity and oil spillage.
8. Oil Recovery emergence treating method waterborne according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the straight and distribution method at river width > 50m place in river course: river river surface width being greater than to 50m, adopt chevron shaped structure to lay, or adopt stepped construction to lay.
9. Oil Recovery emergence treating method waterborne according to claim 3, is characterized in that the distribution method at bend place, river course: the laying at bend place, river course utilizes the camber in river course and the track of water movement, reclaimed by oil spilling quick collection to bank; When the work of receipts oil is conveniently carried out on the bank, right side of river direction, adopt oil fence distribution method; When the work of receipts oil is conveniently carried out on the bank, left side of river direction, adopt oil fence distribution method.
10. Oil Recovery emergence treating method waterborne according to claim 4, it is characterized in that the distribution method at ocean, seashore and torrent place: according to tide size and river torrent flow velocity size, the choose reasonable ocean type oil fence, the seashore type oil fence, high and the oil spillage according to wave, the size of choose reasonable oil fence hurdle skirt.
11. Oil Recovery emergence treating methods waterborne according to claim 4, it is characterized in that for the water surface occur a large amount of oil spilling or water surface oil product not easily reclaim time, use fence post for preventing oil storage container fromb eing by oil product corral to water flow stationary and controlled burning is carried out in the section of surrounding enviroment spaciousness.
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Effective date of registration: 20211109 Address after: Room 08-10, 6 / F, block a, No. 5, Dongtucheng Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100013 Patentee after: National Petroleum and natural gas pipeline network Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100007 Oil Mansion, 9 North Avenue, Dongcheng District, Beijing, Dongzhimen Patentee before: PetroChina Company Limited |