CN104651684B - A kind of Aluminium alloy structural material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of Aluminium alloy structural material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN104651684B
CN104651684B CN201310602704.1A CN201310602704A CN104651684B CN 104651684 B CN104651684 B CN 104651684B CN 201310602704 A CN201310602704 A CN 201310602704A CN 104651684 B CN104651684 B CN 104651684B
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aluminium
alloy
finished product
furnace charge
aluminium alloy
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CN104651684A (en
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孙廷富
薛跃军
彭银江
陈耘
郭安振
崔崇亮
郭峰
翟景
张涛
元涛
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No 52 Institute of China North Industries Group Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent

Abstract

A kind of Aluminium alloy structural material, it is characterised in that：The Aluminium alloy structural material is Al Mg Si Mn Ti systems alloy, and the mass percent of each element is：Mg：10.5%~17.4%, and containing Be：0.01%~0.05%, on the basis of magnesium furnace charge；Si：1.0%~5.0%；Mn：0.3%~0.8%；Ti：0.15%~0.25%；Al and other inevitable impurity：Surplus.During preparation, load weighted furnace charge is put into mid-frequency melting furnace and carries out alloy melting, degasification and purified treatment, then poured into a mould, circular ingot blank is made in jet deposition；Then extrusion process, finished product processing, heat treatment as finished product are carried out.Inventive formulation design science is reasonable, low-density and high-strength aluminium alloy metallurgy is prepared using spray deposition technique, preparation technology is simple, flow is short, obtained aluminium alloy has the mechanical property feature of high strength alumin ium alloy, the low-density feature of aluminium lithium alloy, the manufacture available for ground traffic toolses and spacecraft structural articles.

Description

A kind of Aluminium alloy structural material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal alloy compositions and preparing technical field, and in particular to a kind of aluminium alloy of low-density and high-strength Structural material and preparation method thereof, is applicable to manufacture ground traffic toolses and spacecraft structural articles.
Background technology
Fine aluminium has that density is small, thermal conductivity is good, plasticity and the characteristics of good corrosion resistance, be usually used in being made various section bars, Sheet material, but the intensity difference of fine aluminium, should not make structural material, therefore, and people add various different-alloy elements in fine aluminium, with The performance of reinforced aluminum, so as to obtain a series of aluminium alloy.
Nowadays, people usually improve aluminum alloy materials by adding the low-density alloys such as magnesium, lithium, silicon member into aluminium alloy Intensity and density feature, achieve good effect.But restricted by alloying, technology of preparing condition, its gain is limited.It is existing Low density aluminum alloy, such as 5XXX systems, 6XXX systems Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Si class alloy are by routine casting metallurgical technology and condition system About, the addition highest of magnesium is limited to 5.5%~9.6%, and exemplary alloy such as 5A06,6061 density are less than 2.7g/cm3.High magnesium contains again Although it is bigger to measure density reduction amplitude, serious thick compound Al can be producedxMgy（Such as Al3Mg2、Al5Mg8）Phase, will cause Alloy mechanical property is drastically reduced；And 8XXX systems Al-Li-Cu-Mg classes alloy is by the metallurgical preparation technology of routine casting and condition Restriction, the addition of lithium is only limitted to less than 3%, then high lithium content can produce thick fragility AlLi compound phases and segregation is serious, Plasticity, toughness will be caused to drastically reduce, exemplary alloy such as 8090,8091, CP276 isodensity are less than 2.65g/cm3；Al-Li-Mg Quasi-representative alloy such as 1420,1421,1423 can obtain density less than 2.55g/cm3Technique effect；Prepared using jet deposition Technology, can obtain density it is smaller be less than 2.50g/cm3Aluminium lithium alloy such as UL30, UL40 etc..But above-mentioned all kinds of low-density Aluminium alloy belongs to middle strong type aluminium alloy, i.e. alloy tensile level of intensity is in 420MPa~500MPa.To increase intensity, using heat Bundle+annealing+large deformation flow harden+Stabilizing Heat Treatment technique, as a result intensity be further enhanced, but often The plasticity of material is sacrificed, and complex procedures cost is also very high, is only applicable the light sheet of 2~below 3mm thickness, and for other Labyrinth section bar, tubing, bar, forging and big thickness Strip are difficult to large deformation flow harden processing, structural material Intensity be difficult to improve, the exploitation and application of high-strength aluminum alloy infrastructure product have been limited to significantly.
7XXX systems alloy such as 7A04,7A09 and the high-strength alloys such as 7055, intensity can reach 520~680MPa, but should Class alloy density is about very much 2.78~2.86g/cm3, it is clear that unfavorable is designed to loss of weight.Chinese patent literature ZL200610069171.5 discloses a kind of Al-Si-Cu-Mg wrought aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof, and alloy magnesium content is very in the patent It is 0.3%~0.6% less, silicon, copper content are high.The density of obvious alloy is larger, intensity also as little as 379MPa, can not meet loss of weight and sets Meter is required.
All kinds of load-carrying construction on ground traffic toolses such as automobile, motorcycle, racing car and spacecraft, such as connect Bar, swing arm, knuckle, storehouse section, housing etc. are typically to be manufactured using steel and 2024,2618 aluminium alloys, although intensity is high, but weight Amount is big, if being manufactured using low-density and high-strength Aluminium alloy structural material, substitutes steel and 2024,2618 aluminium alloys, will obtain High economy, low energy consumption, light-weighted multiple effect.
Spray forming technology is that a kind of solidification cooling is big, the advanced preparation skill of a near-net-shape large scale ingot blank Art, can obtain the microstructure of fine uniform, and can greatly widen the super saturated solid solution degree of alloying element, be prepared for exploitation Gao Mei, silicon, there is provided the best-of-breed technology scheme for solving the problems, such as preparation for the Aluminium alloy structural material of lithium content.
The content of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of with low-density, the aluminium alloy structure of high intensity Material, available for manufacture ground traffic toolses and spacecraft structural articles.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of with low-density, the aluminium alloy structure of high intensity The preparation method of material, with the characteristics of processing technology is simple, flow is short, obtained Aluminium alloy structural material can be used for manufacture ground The face vehicles and spacecraft structural articles.
The present invention solve technical scheme that above-mentioned first technical problem used for：A kind of Aluminium alloy structural material, its It is characterised by：The Aluminium alloy structural material is that the mass percent of each element in Al-Mg-Si-Mn-Ti systems alloy, raw material is：
Mg：10.5%~17.4%, and containing Be：0.01%~0.05%, on the basis of magnesium furnace charge；
Si：1.0%~5.0%；
Mn：0.3%~0.8%；
Ti：0.15%~0.25%；
Al and other inevitable impurity：Surplus.
The present invention solve technical scheme that above-mentioned second technical problem used for：A kind of system of Aluminium alloy structural material Preparation Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）The component proportion of Aluminium alloy structural material is set by density and strength prediction computational methods, fine aluminium stove is selected Material, the pure magnesium furnace charge containing Be0.01wt%~0.05wt% and aluminium silicon, aluminium manganese, aluminium titanium intermediate alloy furnace charge are as raw material, by member Plain mass percent：Mg：10.5%~17.4%；Si：1.0%~5.0%；Mn：0.3%~0.8%；Ti：0.15%~ 0.25%；Al and other inevitable impurity：Surplus；Carry out weighing dispensing；
2）Melting, degasification and purified treatment：By step 1）The furnace charge weighed carries out alloy melting, melting in mid-frequency melting furnace When, first add fine aluminium furnace charge and aluminium manganese, aluminium silicon and aluminium titanium intermediate alloy furnace charge, be warming up to after fusing 680 DEG C~720 DEG C with Bell jar or pressure wooden dipper melt the press-in aluminium of the pure magnesium furnace charge containing Be0.01wt%~0.05wt% by 120 DEG C~150 DEG C of preheating temperature In body, magnesium is warming up to 730 DEG C~750 DEG C after all melting, and is refined using argon gas, leads to after argon gas, 15~20min is put only, removes Oxide and gas in aluminium alloy melt, control aluminium alloy melt temperature reach that 780 DEG C~820 DEG C are poured into a mould；
3）Jet deposition：By step 2）Obtained aluminium alloy melt is poured into funnel control water conservancy diversion, into jet deposition mist Change device and carry out spray deposition, the high speed semisolid that high atomisation is produced under atomization gas effect sputters stream, high-speed sputtering deposition To receiving on chassis, by receiving matching for the downward translational speed in chassis and atomizer pivot angle, the circle of different-diameter is prepared Shape ingot blank；
4）Then extrusion process and finished product processing are carried out；
5）Finally it is heat-treated as finished product.
As an improvement, the step 2）In use the argon pressure that argon gas is refined for 0.05~0.07Pa, during logical argon gas Between in 5~10min, lead to argon flow amount in 0.2~0.3Nm3/min。
As an improvement, the step 2）In cast when metal flow be 6~8Kg/Min.
As an improvement, the step 3）In the technological parameter of jet deposition be：Nitrogen flow：13~23Nm3/Min；Nitrogen Atmospheric pressure：6.5~8.5atm；Atomizer sweep speed：20.9~23.3Hz；Receive chassis rotary speed：2.45~3.16r/ s；Receive chassis translational speed：0.57~0.70mm/s；Jet deposition height：670~730mm.
Improve again, the step 4）Extrusion process be using extruder carry out hot extrusion deformation processing, be by circular ingot Base cutting stock is heated to extrusion temperature into desired extruded stock, and held for some time is sent to extrusion molding pipe in extruder Material, bar, section bar and paddle material finished product or semi-finished product, wherein extrusion process is:Extrusion ratio 9~15；Extrusion speed 1.2~ 1.5m/Min；360 DEG C~400 DEG C of extruded stock heating-up temperature.
Preferably, the soaking time in the extrusion process is：As extruded stock diameter of phi≤50mm, soaking time τ =1.5 Φ min；As extruded stock diameter of phi >=100mm, the Φ min of soaking time τ=2；When extruded stock diameter of phi 50~ During 100mm, Φ+0.01 (Φ -50) the Φ min of soaking time τ=1.5.
Improve again, the step 4）Finished product processing be semi-finished product after extrusion process, on finished product cutting, processing obtain ；Cutting stock on semi-finished product, finished product either after extrusion process, then carry out thermoforming processing.
Further improve, the step 5）Heat treatment be at the solution treatment and artificial aging carried out in heat-treatment furnace Reason or natural aging treatment, the wherein temperature of solution treatment are 400 DEG C~430 DEG C, 0.5~2.5h of soaking time；Artificial aging 95 DEG C~120 DEG C of temperature, 8~12h of artificial aging time；Or 20~28h of natural aging time.
Finally, the density is that density p is reduced to strength prediction computational methods
ρ=G/Σ(Wi/ρi) （1）
Wherein G is component prescription total amount, is convenience of calculation in terms of 100%；
WiPercent by weight is added for each constituent element in component prescription；
ρiFor the density value of each constituent element in component prescription.
Intensity RmIt is reduced to：
Rm=35MPa/%×Wj+ 100~300MPa（2）
Wherein WjFor Mg elemental weight percents.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
1st, formula design science rationally, passes through density and strength prediction computational methods, it is to avoid blindness, using low-density High content alloying element magnesium, silicon, a small amount of efficiently intensified element manganese, nucleation Refining Elements titanium, and micro bring Be into magnesium furnace charge： 0.01%~0.05%, there is effective protective effect to alloy melting, obtained Aluminium alloy structural material has low-density and high-strength, Manufacture available for ground traffic toolses and spacecraft structural articles；
2nd, tiny, uniform, segregation-free low-density and high-strength aluminium alloy metallurgy is prepared using spray deposition technique；Adopt With conventional hot extrusion, hot rolling process technology and follow-up short route solid solution+artificial or natural aging treatment, make low-density high Strength aluminium alloy has the mechanical property feature of 7A04,7A09 high strength alumin ium alloy, the low-density feature of aluminium lithium alloy, avoids simultaneously The method processed using flow harden complicates technology path to improve the high cost of intensity, makes product category more extensive；System Standby technique is simple, shortens manufacturing process.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the fundamental diagram of jet deposition in preparation process of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram of extrusion process in preparation process of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the fundamental diagram being heat-treated in preparation process of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the process chart of preparation method of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the deposited metallographic structure figure of the Aluminium alloy structural material of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the As-extruded metallographic structure figure of the Aluminium alloy structural material of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the heat treatment state metallographic structure figure of the Aluminium alloy structural material of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment.
A kind of Aluminium alloy structural material, it is characterised in that：The Aluminium alloy structural material is Al-Mg-Si-Mn-Ti systems alloy, The mass percent of each element is in the raw material of aluminium alloy：
Mg：10.5%~17.4%；And containing Be：0.01%~0.05%, on the basis of magnesium furnace charge;
Si：1.0%~5.0%；
Mn：0.3%~0.8%；
Ti：0.15%~0.25%；
Al and other inevitable impurity：Surplus.
In the present invention, aluminium is the Main Components in alloy, and its content is constrained by alloy element addition.
The effect of wherein magnesium is to improve the tensile strength of alloy by solution strengthening and precipitation strength.Magnesium is maximum in aluminium Solid solubility can reach 17.4%, often increase by 1% magnesium into aluminium, and intensity can be made to improve 35MPa.But it is existing to grind in actual casting Study carefully achievement to show to contain 14.4% alloy quenching of magnesium+natrual ageing state, intensity reaches 420MPa.Obviously, the linear gain of magnesium is not Have and reach expected reinforcing effect, this is mainly, and cast sturcture is thick, and precipitated phase forming core is difficult, what precipitate size was caused greatly.Knot Technical scheme design is closed, can be refined by solidified structure, the approach of deformation strengthening and heat treatment reinforcement obtains gain.
The effect of silicon is and magnesium, aluminium form Age-prrcipitation Phase Mg2Si phases and MgxSiyAlzMutually improve the intensity of alloy, Be conducive to Al simultaneously3Mg2Mutually it is uniformly dispersed, increases reinforcing phase amount.To maximize the reinforcing effect for playing Si, Mg/Si should ensure that Than >=1.73, make magnesium superfluous.But silicon addition can excessively influence alloy ductility, but the mobility to alloy, mouldability and close Degree reduction is beneficial.
On the one hand the effect of manganese is to improve iron phase compound form, and the illeffects of residual iron, has been allowed in comprehensive furnace charge Mechanical property beneficial to improving alloy.On the other hand, solid solubility very little of the manganese in aluminium, it is most of to form AlMn6Compound, can The precipitated phase of magnesium is uniformly dispersed, the effect for improving intensity is twice than magnesium, and make alloy that there is higher structure stability.But Manganese content too high strengthening effect is not high, and alloy can be made to become fragile, and reduces unfavorable to alloy density.
The effect of titanium is to separate out Al in alloy graining3Ti phases and dissolve in α phases.It is favourable when alloy hot is processed In control recrystallization, turn into Al during Precipitation after solution treatmentxMgy（Such as Al3Mg2、Al5Mg8）The nucleation core of phase, favorably In refinement AlxMgy（Such as Al3Mg2、Al5Mg8）Phase, acts on very big to alloy strength and fatigue strength raising.But excessive titanium easily exists Segregation, accumulation are formed in aluminium, thick Al is also easily formed3Ti phases, it is unfavorable to forming core.
In the present invention, a small amount of beryllium can is brought into magnesium furnace charge, Be content is limited in 0.01wt%~0.05wt%, On the basis of magnesium furnace charge, only protect and use as melting, limit and require not as alloying ingredients.
A kind of preparation method of Aluminium alloy structural material, be specially：
First, alloying component is set：（Weight percentage）：
AL-Mg-Si-Mn-Ti systems alloy：
Mg：10.5%~17.4%；And containing Be：0.01%~0.05%, on the basis of magnesium furnace charge;
Si：1.0%~5.0%；
Mn：0.3%~0.8%；
Ti：0.15%~0.25%；
Al：The aluminium alloy of surplus and inevitable impurity.
Wherein density prediction is calculated：
The main contributions that density p lowers include the contribution of each constituent element element density value and the comprehensive function of addition.It is reduced to：
ρ=G/Σ(Wi/ρi) （1）
Wherein G is component prescription total amount, is convenience of calculation in terms of 100%；
WiPercent by weight is added for each constituent element in component prescription；
ρiFor the density value of each constituent element in component prescription.
Strength prediction is calculated：
Intensity RmGain mainly includes each constituent element effect of alloying, structure refinement, deformation strengthening and heat treatment reinforcement Gain.Gain of each constituent element of alloying to intensity is mainly 35MPa × W by estimation object of magnesiumj；Structure refinement has to intensity Substantial gain, but determination can not be counted；And the gain of deformation strengthening and heat treatment reinforcement, according to previous experiences can for 100~ 300MPa.It is reduced to：
Rm=35MPa/%×Wj+ 100~300MPa（2）
Wherein WjFor Mg elemental weight percents.
2nd, mix designs
Select fine aluminium furnace charge, the pure magnesium furnace charge containing Be0.01wt%~0.05wt% and the silicon of aluminium -20%, the manganese of aluminium -15% and The titanium intermediate alloy furnace charge of aluminium -5%, carries out accurate weighing dispensing, using mass percent；
3rd, melting, refining and purification
Aluminium, magnesium are added in the form of simple metal furnace charge during melting, manganese, silicon, titanium with the silicon of aluminium -20%, the manganese of aluminium -15% and aluminium - 5% titanium intermediate alloy furnace charge form is added.
Using intermediate frequency electromagnetic induction furnace melting, batch is 120kg.
First add fine aluminium furnace charge and aluminium manganese, aluminium silicon, aluminium titanium intermediate alloy furnace charge.680 DEG C~720 DEG C are warming up to after fusing Aluminium will be pressed into bell jar or pressure wooden dipper by the pure magnesium furnace charge containing Be0.01wt%~0.05wt% of 120 DEG C~150 DEG C of preheating temperature In melt.
Magnesium is warming up to 730 DEG C~750 DEG C after all melting, and is refined using argon gas.Argon pressure is 0.05~0.07Pa, is led to Argon gas time control is in 5~10min.Graphite breather plug can be loaded onto in end using quartz ampoule or graphite-pipe or refractory material is logical Vent plug, the hole that 2~3mm is drilled with breather plug is multiple, leads to argon flow amount control in 0.2~0.3Nm3/min.After logical argon gas, only 15~20min is put, oxide and gas in aluminium alloy melt is removed；Control aluminium alloy melt temperature reaches that 780 DEG C~820 DEG C are entered Row cast.
4th, jet deposition
As shown in figure 1, jet deposition is the key means in the preparation of low-density and high-strength Aluminium alloy structural material.In intermediate frequency Smelting furnace 1 carries out alloy melting, degasification and purified treatment, the control water conservancy diversion of funnel 2 is poured into, into the mist of jet deposition atomizer 3 Change deposition, in the presence of atomization gas 4, produce the high speed semisolid sputtering stream 5 of high atomisation, high-speed sputtering deposits to reception On chassis 7, by matching for the downward translational speed in chassis and atomizer pivot angle, diameter of phi 290mm circular ingot blank 6 is prepared；
Metal diversion pouring parameter：
Pouring temperature：780~820 DEG C；
Metal flow：6~8Kg/Min；
Jet deposition parameter：
Nitrogen flow：13~23Nm3/Min；
Nitrogen pressure：6.5~8.5atm；
Atomizer sweep speed：20.9~23.3Hz；
Receive chassis rotary speed：2.45~3.16r/s；
Receive chassis translational speed：0.57~0.70mm/s；
Jet deposition height：670~730mm；
5th, extrusion process
As shown in Fig. 2 being processed using hot extrusion deformation.
By the cutting stock of circular ingot blank 6 of diameter of phi 290 into 275 × 500mm of Φ extruded stock 10, extruding temperature is heated to Degree, soaking time is 550min, is sent in diameter of phi 280mm recipient 9, the extrusion molding in the presence of extruding plunger 8 136mm120 ° of fan section section bar 11 of diameter of phi；
Squeezing parameter：
Extrusion ratio：9~15；
Extrusion speed：1.2~1.5m/Min;
Extrude heating technique：
Heating-up temperature：360 DEG C~400 DEG C;
The heating and thermal insulation time：
The extruded stock heating and thermal insulation time of diameter of phi 275 calculates as follows to be obtained：
Because extruded stock diameter of phi is 275mm, Φ >=100mm, soaking time τ=2 × 275（min）, it is 550min；
6th, finished product is processed
Cutting processing is obtained directly on 136mm120 ° of fan section section bar 11 of extrusion process diameter of phi for finished product processing；
Finished product processing can also process semi-finished product, cutting stock on finished product in hot extrusion deformation, then carry out thermoforming processing.Such as Connecting rod, swing arm, knuckle can use bar, heavy-gauge sheeting cutting stock, and by heating, base, just forging, finish forging etc. are conventional Pressure processing method obtains end product.
7th, it is heat-treated
As shown in figure 3, short distance heat treatment is another important hand in the preparation of low-density and high-strength Aluminium alloy structural material Section, i.e. solution treatment+artificial or natrual ageing.By low-density and high-strength Aluminium alloy structural material and product, such as fan section type Material 11 and hot forming end product, which are placed in heat-treatment furnace 12, carries out solution treatment；Then artificial aging or natrual ageing are carried out Processing.
Test sample is used：
1st, low-density and high-strength Aluminium alloy structural material jet deposition state is dissected, and cuts metallographic specimen；
2nd, dissected after 136mm120 ° of fan section section bar As-extruded dissection of diameter of phi and heat treatment, cut metallographic specimen；
3rd, dissected after 136mm120 ° of fan section section bar heat treatment of diameter of phi, cut facies analysis sample；
4th, dissected after 36mm120 ° of fan section section bar heat treatment of diameter of phi, cut the circular tensile samples of standard Φ 6.
The present invention is described in more detail below by specific embodiment：
The component prescription of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 is as shown in table 1.
Each embodiment chemical composition of table 1（wt%）
The mechanical property feature of each embodiment is as shown in table 2.
Each embodiment mechanical property feature of table 2
Embodiment Rm/N/mm2 Rp-1/N/mm2 A/% ρ/g/cm3
Embodiment 1 555 485 32 2.53
Embodiment 2 630 530 25 2.49
Embodiment 3 670 595 11 2.48
The microstructure feature of each embodiment is as shown in table 3.
Each embodiment microstructure feature of table 3
Made by embodiment 2 for example in terms of setting up separately：
Density prediction is calculated：
Al content is 100%-（15.0%+3.0%+0.5%+0.20%）=81.3%；
Al density is 2.699g/cm3；
Mg density is 1.74g/cm3；
Si density is 2.34g/cm3；
Mn density is 7.4g/cm3；
Ti density is 4.54g/cm3；
The then 2-in-1 golden density of embodiment：
ρ=G/Σ(Wi/ρi)=100/（15.0/1.74+3.0/2.34+0.5/7.4+0.20/4.54+81.3/ 2.699）=2.48g/cm3
The 2-in-1 golden strength prediction of embodiment is calculated：
Rm=35MPa/%×Wj+ 100~300MPa >=625MPa.
It is that example does burdening calculation with embodiment 2：Melting 120kg.
1）The chemical composition of embodiment 2 is as follows：
Mg：15.0%；Si：3.0%；Mn：0.50%；Ti：0.20%；Al：Surplus is aluminium alloy and inevitable other impurities.
2）Each alloying element amount is then needed to be in alloy：
By shove charge 120 kg furnace charge, burdening calculation is carried out, it is necessary to which the weight of the alloying element added is：
Mg：18.0 kilograms；Si：3.6 kilogram；Mn：0.6 kilogram；Ti：0.24 kilogram；Al：Surplus is 120 kg-above-mentioned conjunction Total algebraical sum (22.44 kilograms) of gold element, is 97.56 kilograms.
3) because silicon, manganese are added using the furnace charge form of intermediate alloy.Therefore, it is necessary to which each alloy adding is changed Into the addition of its intermediate alloy.Then：
1. 3.6 kilograms of Si to be added, then need add Al-20%Si intermediate alloy furnace charges be
3.6 kilograms/20%=18.0 kilograms；Al amounts will be brought into for 18.0 kilograms -3.6 kilograms=14.4 kilograms.
2. to add 0.6 kilogram of Mn, then need add Al-15%Mn intermediate alloy furnace charges be
0.6 kilogram/15%=4.0 kilograms；Al amounts will be brought into for 4.0 kilograms -0.6 kilogram=3.4 kilograms.
3. to add 0.24 kilogram of Ti, then need add Al-5%Ti intermediate alloy furnace charges be
0.24 kilogram/5%=4.8 kilograms；Al amounts will be brought into for 4.8 kilograms -0.24 kilogram=4.56 kilograms.
4）The Al added is needed to be：
Because needing Al amounts to be 97.56 kilograms in 120 kg alloy；
And it is above-mentioned silicon is added in the form of intermediate alloy, aluminum amount that manganese, titanium are brought into for（14.4+3.4+4.56）= 22.36 kilograms.
It is 97.56 kilograms -22.36 kilograms=75.2 kilograms then to need the fine aluminium supplied.
5）Whole furnace charge so far, which is calculated, to be finished, then the furnace charge that should be added into stove：
Pure magnesium furnace charge is 18.0 kilograms（Do not consider burning problems, be theoretical addition amount）；
Al-20%Si intermediate alloys furnace charge is 18.0 kilograms；
Al-15%Mn intermediate alloys furnace charge is 4.0 kilograms；
Al-5%Ti intermediate alloys furnace charge is 4.8 kilograms；
It is 75.2 kilograms to need the pure Al furnace charges added；
6）Then total addition checking：
The pure magnesium furnace charge+silicon of aluminium -20% intermediate alloy furnace charge+manganese intermediate alloy furnace charge+Al-5%Ti intermediate alloys of aluminium -15% Furnace charge+fine aluminium furnace charge=18.0+18.0+4.0+4.8+75.2=120 kilograms.
Pure magnesium furnace charge is specially supplied, containing Be：0.023%.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of Aluminium alloy structural material, it is characterised in that：Using spray deposition and combine conventional Hot-extrusion and after After short route solid solution+Aluminium alloy structural material obtained by artificial or natural aging treatment be Al-Mg-Si-Mn-Ti systems alloy, it is former The mass percent of each element is in material：
Mg：10.5%~17.4%, and containing Be：0.01%~0.05%, on the basis of magnesium furnace charge；
Si：1.0%~5.0%；
Mn：0.3%~0.8%；
Ti：0.15%~0.25%；
Al and other inevitable impurity：Surplus.
2. a kind of preparation method of Aluminium alloy structural material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) component proportion of Aluminium alloy structural material is set by density and strength prediction computational methods, fine aluminium furnace charge is selected, contains Be0.01wt%~0.05wt% pure magnesium furnace charge and aluminium silicon, aluminium manganese, aluminium titanium intermediate alloy furnace charge are as raw material, by first quality Measure percentage：Mg：10.5%~17.4%；Si：1.0%~5.0%；Mn：0.3%~0.8%；Ti：0.15%~0.25%； Al and other inevitable impurity：Surplus；Carry out weighing dispensing；
2) melting, degasification and purified treatment：By step 1) furnace charge that weighs carries out alloy melting in mid-frequency melting furnace, during melting, Fine aluminium furnace charge and aluminium manganese, aluminium silicon and aluminium titanium intermediate alloy furnace charge are first added, 680 DEG C~720 DEG C are warming up to after fusing with clock Cover or pressure wooden dipper melt the press-in aluminium of the pure magnesium furnace charge containing Be0.01wt%~0.05wt% by 120 DEG C~150 DEG C of preheating temperature In body, magnesium is warming up to 730 DEG C~750 DEG C after all melting, and is refined using argon gas, leads to after argon gas, 15~20min is put only, removes Oxide and gas in aluminium alloy melt, control aluminium alloy melt temperature reach that 780 DEG C~820 DEG C are poured into a mould；
3) jet deposition：By step 2) obtained aluminium alloy melt is poured into funnel control water conservancy diversion, into jet deposition atomizer Spray deposition is carried out, the high speed semisolid that high atomisation is produced under atomization gas effect sputters stream, and high-speed sputtering, which is deposited to, to be connect Receive on chassis, by receiving matching for the downward translational speed in chassis and atomizer pivot angle, prepare the circular ingot of different-diameter Base；
4) extrusion process and finished product processing are then carried out；The step 4) extrusion process be using extruder carry out hot extrusion buckling Shape is processed, and is, into desired extruded stock, to be heated to extrusion temperature by circular ingot blank cutting stock, held for some time is sent to Extrusion molding tubing, bar, section bar and paddle material finished product or semi-finished product in extruder, wherein extrusion process is:Extrusion ratio 9~ 15；1.2~1.5m/Min of extrusion speed；360 DEG C~400 DEG C of extruded stock heating-up temperature；
5) finally it is heat-treated as finished product；The step 5) heat treatment be the solution treatment that is carried out in heat-treatment furnace and Artificial aging processing or natural aging treatment, the wherein temperature of solution treatment are 400 DEG C~430 DEG C, soaking time 0.5~ 2.5h；95 DEG C~120 DEG C of artificial aging temperature, 8~12h of artificial aging time；Or 20~28h of natural aging time.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 2) in use argon gas refining argon gas Pressure is 0.05~0.07Pa, leads to the argon gas time in 5~10min, leads to argon flow amount in 0.2~0.3Nm3/min。
4. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 2) in cast when metal flow be 6~8Kg/Min.
5. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 3) in jet deposition technological parameter For：Nitrogen flow：13~23Nm3/Min；Nitrogen pressure：6.5~8.5atm；Atomizer sweep speed：20.9~23.3Hz；Connect Receive chassis rotary speed：2.45~3.16r/s；Receive chassis translational speed：0.57~0.70mm/s；Jet deposition height：670 ~730mm.
6. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Soaking time in the extrusion process is：When crowded During pressed compact diameter of phi≤50mm, the Φ min of soaking time τ=1.5；As extruded stock diameter of phi >=100mm, the Φ of soaking time τ=2 min；When extruded stock diameter of phi is in 50~100mm, Φ+0.01 (Φ -50) the Φ min of soaking time τ=1.5.
7. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 4) finished product processing be in extrusion process Cutting, processing are obtained on rear semi-finished product, finished product；Cutting stock on semi-finished product, finished product either after extrusion process, then carry out Thermoforming is processed.
8. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The density and strength prediction computational methods are density ρ is reduced to
ρ=G/ Σ (Wi/ρi) (1)
Wherein G is component prescription total amount, is convenience of calculation in terms of 100%；
WiPercent by weight is added for each constituent element in component prescription；
ρiFor the density value of each constituent element in component prescription；
Intensity RmIt is reduced to：
Rm=35MPa/% × Wj+ 100~300MPa (2)
Wherein WjFor Mg elemental weight percents.
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