CN113684401B - Aluminum alloy for high-service transmission shaft and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy for high-service transmission shaft and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
An aluminum alloy for a high-service transmission shaft and a preparation method thereof belong to the field of aluminum alloy preparation and application. Aiming at the defects in the aspect of light weight of a high-service transmission shaft, the invention provides an aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.85 to 1.7%, fe:0.1 to 0.3%, cu:0.3 to 0.6%, cr:0.15 to 0.3%, mg:1.05 to 1.9%, zr: 0.1-0.2 wt%, and also contains trace Mn, ti and Zn elements. The preparation method comprises the following steps: smelting → casting → homogenizing → forging or extrusion → solution quenching → aging. The alloy is used for preparing a universal joint fork, a spline sleeve, a spline shaft fork and a shaft tube for a high-service transmission shaft, meets the mechanical property index required by the aluminum alloy for the automobile transmission shaft, realizes the weight reduction of the aluminum alloy transmission shaft by 30-40% compared with the traditional steel transmission shaft, and powerfully promotes the development of automobile light weight.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy preparation and application, in particular to an aluminum alloy for a high-service transmission shaft and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The transmission shaft is an important component of a chassis transmission system of a commercial vehicle, mainly comprises a universal joint fork, a spline sleeve, a spline shaft fork and a shaft tube, and is connected through welding and a spline. With the implementation of the national 'double-carbon' target policy, the weight reduction of the whole commercial vehicle becomes an important way for various commercial vehicle enterprises to consider the energy conservation and emission reduction of the vehicle.
At present, all parts of a high-service transmission shaft are steel parts, and the high-service transmission shaft has the requirements of high strength, high rigidity, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance and excellent processability, namely good comprehensive performance, on selected materials. The most widely used is now 45 steel.
The patent with publication number CN111647780A discloses a high-strength 6000-series aluminum alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, the patent has the tensile strength of 420-480 MPa, the yield strength of 380-430 MPa, the elongation of 10-16%, the Brinell hardness of 120-140 HB and the conductivity of 37-43% IACS, and the product is subjected to neutral salt spray test of GB/T10125-2012 salt spray test of artificial atmosphere corrosion test for 540h, but the welding performance is insufficient, and the welding requirement of a high-service transmission shaft cannot be met.
The patent with the publication number of CN112853176A discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy for an automobile transmission shaft and a preparation method thereof, the mechanical property of the high-strength aluminum alloy can achieve that the tensile strength is larger than or equal to 450MPa, the yield strength is larger than or equal to 420MPa, the elongation is larger than or equal to 11%, and a welded joint after welding meets the requirement that the base metal reaches more than 70%, but the alloy and the preparation method are only suitable for preparation of an extrusion material and cannot meet the preparation of forgings such as a universal joint fork, a spline housing and a spline shaft fork.
The patent with publication number CN211617430U discloses an automobile transmission shaft assembly with an all-aluminum alloy structure, and indicates that an aluminum alloy material of the automobile transmission shaft assembly is a microalloyed high-strength material, the yield strength is greater than 480MPa, the tensile strength is greater than 520MPa, and the elongation is greater than 8%, but the automobile transmission shaft assembly is mainly suitable for an inter-axle transmission shaft of a heavy automobile, and the adoption of the material has more consideration that the welding connection between an axle tube and a universal joint yoke and the welding connection between the axle tube and a spline housing are not needed, which indicates that the material is not suitable for welding.
In the existing aluminum alloy materials, in consideration of the service environment of a transmission shaft, the existing 2xxx and 7xxx aluminum alloys are expected to meet the use requirement of strength performance, but the corrosion resistance and the welding performance are obviously insufficient due to relatively high Cu content, while the 6xxx aluminum alloys with medium strength have good formability, corrosion resistance and welding performance, but the strength of the 6xxx aluminum alloys is difficult to meet the use requirement, so the patent provides an aluminum alloy material for a high-service transmission shaft and a preparation method thereof based on the 6xxx aluminum alloys, which can meet the use requirement of the transmission shaft which uses aluminum to replace steel, and realizes the light weight and weight reduction of a transmission shaft assembly.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy for a high service transmission shaft and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the defects existing in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si:0.85 to 1.7%, fe:0.1 to 0.3%, cu:0.3 to 0.6%, cr:0.15 to 0.3%, mg:1.05 to 1.9 percent, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Zr and at least one of Mn, ti and Zn, wherein the weight ratio of Mn:0 to 0.5%, ti:0 to 0.2%, zn:0 to 0.2 percent of Al and inevitable impurities in balance, wherein the total mass percent of all the inevitable impurities is less than 0.15 percent, and the mass percent of single inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 percent, and the invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
1. weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft, and smelting and casting the weighed raw materials to obtain an ingot;
the smelting process preferably adopts a sodium-free refining agent, the on-line addition grain refiner in the casting process is Al-Ti-C filaments, and the molten aluminum filtration selects two-stage plate filtration and preferably selects a 40+60ppi filter plate.
2. Homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot;
the homogenizing annealing process comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 7 to 12 hours at 535 to 550 ℃.
3. Sawing, forging or extruding the cast ingot to obtain a blank;
the blank temperature in the forging and extruding process is 460-530 ℃.
4. And (4) carrying out solution quenching treatment on the blank obtained in the step three.
5. Carrying out artificial aging treatment on the blank processed in the step four;
the artificial aging process comprises the following steps: heating to 170-190 deg.c, maintaining for 6-12 hr, and air cooling.
The aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft prepared by the method is applied to transmission shaft parts.
The high-service transmission shaft part comprises a universal joint fork, a spline sleeve, a spline shaft fork and a shaft tube, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: the universal joint fork, the spline sleeve and the spline shaft fork are forged and formed by the aluminum alloy, and the shaft tube is formed by extrusion of the aluminum alloy and then is welded with the shaft tube to form the transmission shaft assembly.
High in service transmission shaft part, its connection relates to welding and keyway connection, specific mode is: the universal joint fork is welded with the shaft tube, the spline sleeve is welded with the shaft tube, and the spline sleeve is connected with the spline shaft fork through a key groove.
The welding of the high service transmission shaft part is argon arc welding or friction welding.
The keyway of high-service transmission shaft part connect and be: the spline housing is interior keyway, spline shaft fork is outer keyway, and inside and outside keyway cooperation is connected, and connects back spline housing and spline shaft fork and can carry out relative slip along the keyway.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the aluminum alloy to prepare the universal joint yoke, the spline housing, the spline shaft yoke and the shaft tube for the high service transmission shaft, can meet the mechanical property requirement of the high service transmission shaft, wherein the tensile strength is 380-450 MPa, the yield strength is 350-420 MPa, the elongation is 10-12%, the Brinell hardness is 125-145 HB, after welding, the weld strength is higher than 75% of the base metal strength,
the aluminum alloy transmission shaft prepared by the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof can meet the transmission shaft rated torque of more than 1.5 times of the yield torque of the transmission shaft static torsion test, the fatigue life of the transmission shaft fatigue torsion test reaches 28.5 ten thousand times, and is improved by about 5 ten thousand times compared with the fatigue life of a steel transmission shaft.
The aluminum alloy transmission shaft prepared by the aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof meets the use requirement of an automobile on the transmission shaft through structure optimization, and is reduced by 40-50% compared with the traditional steel transmission shaft, so that the light weight and weight reduction work of the automobile is powerfully promoted.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an aluminum alloy for a high-service transmission shaft and a preparation method thereof for preparing the alloy and each part of the high-service transmission shaft, and technical personnel in the field can use the contents for reference and appropriately improve process parameters for realization. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or appropriate variations and combinations of the methods and applications described herein can be made to practice the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si:0.85 to 1.7%, fe:0.1 to 0.3%, cu:0.3 to 0.6%, cr:0.15 to 0.3%, mg:1.05 to 1.9%, zr: 0.1-0.2%, and at least one of Mn, ti and Zn, wherein Mn:0 to 0.5%, ti:0 to 0.2%, zn:0 to 0.2 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the total mass percent of all the inevitable impurities is less than 0.15 percent, and the mass percent of single inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 percent.
The design concept of the components of the invention is as follows:
on the basis of fully playing the role of aging precipitation of nano strengthening phases of main alloy elements Mg and Si, the proportion of Mg and Si elements is optimized, and the finding that Mg can be formed when the mass ratio of the Mg to the Si elements is 1.73 2 A Si strengthening phase, while a slight excess of Si promotes Mg 2 The precipitation of the Si atom clusters enables the size of the strengthening phase to be smaller and the density to be greatly increased, thereby improving the strength of the alloy; on the other hand, the slight excess Si and Fe element form an AlFeSi three-phase compound which is used as a nucleation mass point during the crystallization of crystal grains and plays a role of refining the crystal grains, so a small amount of Fe is also added into the alloy and is controlled to be 0.1-0.3%, and if the Fe content is higher than the range, an insoluble Al (FeCr) Si phase is separated out and is easy to aggregate and grow, so that the insoluble Al (FeCr) Si phase is easy to become a fatigue crack source and the fatigue performance of the transmission shaft is influenced; too much Mg and Si can also cause coarsening of strengthening phases and influence the strength and corrosion resistance of the material, so the Si content of the alloy is designed to be 0.85-1.7%, and the Mg content is designed to be 1.05-1.9%.
The addition of Cu element in the alloy can promote Mg 2 The precipitation of Si strengthening phase shortens the aging response time of the alloy, and if the addition amount is higher, the hot cracking tendency of a welding joint is increased, so that the strength of a welding area is lower than 70% of that of a base metal, and the application requirement of a high-service transmission shaft cannot be met.
The addition of Cr in the alloy can raise the recrystallization temperature of deformed grains, inhibit coarse grains of forgings and extrusion materials caused by grain growth, but excessive Cr forms a large insoluble phase with Fe and is easy to become a fatigue crack source, and the strength and the fatigue performance of a transmission shaft are influenced.
Zr is added in the alloy to form Al with Al 3 The Zr dispersed phase particles can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation core of alpha-Al in the alloy solidification process, and play a good role in modification, thereby greatly refining crystal grains and improving the as-cast structure of the alloy. However, excessive Zr element is easy to generate coarsening phenomenon in the subsequent homogenizing annealing process, and is easy to become a fatigue crack source, thereby influencing the strength and the fatigue performance of the transmission shaft.
One or more of Mn, ti and Zn are also added into the alloy, mn and Ti can further refine grains and improve the effect of fine grain strengthening of the alloy, and Zn is added to promote the aging process Mg 2 Si is precipitated, and the aging response speed of the alloy is improved.
Through the alloy component design in the mode, the comprehensive influence of each alloy element on the alloy strength, welding performance and fatigue performance is comprehensively considered, and the high-service aluminum alloy transmission shaft capable of replacing the traditional steel transmission shaft is prepared.
In a first specific embodiment, the aluminum alloy for the high service transmission shaft comprises, by mass percent, si:0.85%, fe:0.20%, cu:0.6%, cr:0.25%, mg:1.30%, zr:0.12%, mn:0.15%, zn:0.2 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the total mass percent of all the inevitable impurities is less than 0.15 percent, and the mass percent of single inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 percent.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft, and smelting and casting the weighed raw materials to obtain an ingot;
the smelting process adopts sodium-free refining agent, the grain refiner is Al-Ti-C wire added on line in the casting process, and the molten aluminum is filtered and selected to be a 40+60ppi double-stage filter plate.
During smelting and casting, a sodium-free refining agent is preferably selected, so that the phenomenon of sodium brittleness can be effectively avoided, the fatigue performance of the alloy is improved, the phenomenon of A1-Ti-B refining recession caused by sinking of Al-Ti-B wires due to large-size particle groups formed by aggregation among borides can be improved by selecting Al-Ti-C wires as a grain refiner, the effect of alloy grain refinement is further improved, a 40+60ppi double-stage filter plate is selected during filtering, the slag content in the alloy can be controlled, and the fatigue performance of the alloy can be improved.
2. Homogenizing annealing of the ingot:
the homogenizing annealing process comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 7-12 h at 535-550 ℃, and the cooling process is as follows: the diameter is not more than 152mm, and the method comprises mist cooling for 50-60min, and water cooling. The diameter is larger than 152mm and is not more than 254mm, and the method comprises air cooling for 20min, fog cooling for 30min, and water cooling.
3. Sawing, forging or extruding the cast ingot to obtain a blank;
the blank temperature in the forging and extruding process is 460-530 ℃.
4. And (4) carrying out solution quenching treatment on the blank obtained in the step three.
The solution quenching treatment adopts an off-line quenching process as follows: keeping the temperature at 525-560 ℃ for 1.5-3 h, discharging and cooling by water, wherein the water temperature is between room temperature and 55 ℃.
5. Carrying out artificial aging treatment on the blank processed in the step four;
the artificial aging process comprises the following steps: heating to 170-190 deg.c, maintaining for 6-12 hr and air cooling.
The aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft prepared by the method is applied to transmission shaft parts.
The high-service transmission shaft part comprises a universal joint fork, a spline sleeve, a spline shaft fork and a shaft tube, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: the universal joint fork, the spline sleeve and the spline shaft fork are forged and formed by the aluminum alloy, and the shaft tube is formed by extrusion of the aluminum alloy and then is welded with the shaft tube to form the transmission shaft assembly.
High in service transmission shaft part, its connection relates to welding and keyway connection, specific mode is: the universal joint fork is welded with the shaft tube, the spline sleeve is welded with the shaft tube, and the spline sleeve is connected with the spline shaft fork through a key groove.
The welding of the high service transmission shaft component is argon arc welding.
The keyway of high-service transmission shaft part be: the spline housing is an inner key groove, the spline shaft fork is an outer key groove, and relative sliding can be carried out along the key grooves after connection.
The properties of the alloy prepared in this embodiment are: tensile strength is 389-405 MPa, yield strength is 360-375 MPa, elongation is 11.4-11.9%, brinell hardness is 125-132 HB, and after welding, tensile strength of a welding seam position is 303-320 MPa and is higher than 75% of strength of a base material; after the transmission shaft assembly is processed and assembled, the transmission shaft assembly can meet the transmission shaft rated torque of more than 1.5 times of the yield torque of a transmission shaft static torsion test, the fatigue life of the transmission shaft fatigue torsion test reaches 21.3-24 ten thousand times, the use requirement of an automobile on the transmission shaft is met, and the light weight reduction work of the automobile is powerfully promoted.
In the second specific embodiment, the aluminum alloy for the high service transmission shaft comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.05%, fe:0.12%, cu:0.48%, cr:0.25%, mg:1.58%, zr:0.15%, mn:0.15%, ti:0.12%, zn:0.2 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the total mass percent of all the inevitable impurities is less than 0.15 percent, and the mass percent of single inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 percent.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft, and smelting and casting the weighed raw materials to obtain an ingot;
the smelting process adopts sodium-free refining agent, the grain refiner is Al-Ti-C wire added on line in the casting process, and the molten aluminum is filtered and selected to be a 40+60ppi double-stage filter plate.
2. Homogenizing annealing of the ingot:
the homogenizing annealing process comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 7-12 h at 535-550 ℃, and the cooling process is as follows: the diameter is not more than 152mm, and the method comprises mist cooling for 50-60min, and water cooling. The diameter is larger than 152mm and is not more than 254mm, and the method sequentially adopts 20min air cooling, 30min fog cooling and finally water cooling.
3. Sawing and forging the cast ingot to obtain a blank piece;
the blank temperature in the forging process is 460-530 ℃.
4. And (4) carrying out solution quenching treatment on the blank obtained in the step three.
The solution quenching treatment adopts an off-line quenching process as follows: keeping the temperature at 525-560 ℃ for 1.5-3 h, discharging and cooling by water, wherein the water temperature is between room temperature and 55 ℃.
5. Carrying out artificial aging treatment on the blank processed in the step four;
the artificial aging process comprises the following steps: heating to 170-190 deg.c, maintaining for 6-12 hr and air cooling.
The aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft prepared by the method is applied to universal joint forks, spline sleeves and spline shaft forks.
The performance of the alloy prepared by the embodiment is as follows: the tensile strength is 403-415 MPa, the yield strength is 382-396 MPa, the elongation is 11.0-11.6%, the Brinell hardness is 132-137 HB, after welding, the tensile strength of the tensile at the welding seam position is 308-332 MPa and is higher than 75% of the strength of the base metal, after the transmission shaft assembly is processed and assembled, the rated torque of the transmission shaft with the yield torque more than 1.5 times of the static torsion test of the transmission shaft can be met, the fatigue life of the fatigue torsion test of the transmission shaft reaches 23.2-25.3 ten thousand times, the use requirement of an automobile on the transmission shaft is met, and the light weight and weight reduction work of the automobile is powerfully promoted.
In a third specific embodiment, the aluminum alloy for the high service transmission shaft comprises, by mass percent, si:1.7%, fe:0.25%, cu:0.37%, cr:0.15%, mg:1.9%, zr:0.1%, ti:0.13%, zn:0.16%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, the total mass percentage of all unavoidable impurities being < 0.15%, the mass percentage of the individual unavoidable impurities being < 0.05%.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft, and smelting and casting the weighed raw materials to obtain an ingot;
the smelting process adopts sodium-free refining agent, the grain refiner is Al-Ti-C wire added on line in the casting process, and the molten aluminum is filtered and selected to be a 40+60ppi double-stage filter plate.
2. Homogenizing annealing of the cast ingot;
the homogenizing annealing process comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 7 to 12 hours at 535 to 550 ℃, the cooling process comprises the following steps: the diameter is not more than 152mm, and the method comprises mist cooling for 50-60min, and water cooling. The diameter is larger than 152mm and is not more than 254mm, and the method comprises air cooling for 20min, fog cooling for 30min, and water cooling.
3. Sawing and forging the cast ingot to obtain a blank piece;
the blank temperature in the forging process is 460-530 ℃.
4. And (4) carrying out solution quenching treatment on the blank obtained in the step three.
The solution quenching treatment adopts an off-line quenching process as follows: keeping the temperature at 525-560 ℃ for 1.5-3 h, and finally cooling with water at the temperature of room temperature-55 ℃.
5. Carrying out artificial aging treatment on the blank piece treated in the fourth step;
the artificial aging process comprises the following steps: heating to 170-190 deg.c, maintaining for 6-12 hr and air cooling.
The aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft prepared by the method is applied to universal joint forks, spline sleeves and spline shaft forks.
The performance of the alloy prepared by the embodiment is as follows: the tensile strength is 435-450 MPa, the yield strength is 403-420 MPa, the elongation is 10.2-10.8%, the Brinell hardness is 137-143 HB, after welding, the tensile strength of the tensile at the welding seam position is 328-339 MPa and is higher than 75% of the strength of the base metal, after the transmission shaft assembly is processed and assembled, the rated torque of the transmission shaft with the yield torque more than 1.5 times of the static torsion test of the transmission shaft can be met, the fatigue life of the fatigue torsion test of the transmission shaft reaches 25-28.5 ten thousand times, the use requirement of an automobile on the transmission shaft is met, and the light weight and weight reduction work of the automobile is forcefully promoted.
In a fourth specific embodiment, the aluminum alloy for the high service transmission shaft comprises, by mass percent, si:1.52%, fe:0.3%, cu:0.6%, cr:0.2%, mg:1.78%, zr:0.2%, ti:0.13%, zn:0.16 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the total mass percent of all the inevitable impurities is less than 0.15 percent, and the mass percent of single inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 percent.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft, and smelting and casting the weighed raw materials to obtain an ingot;
a sodium-free refining agent is selected in the smelting process, a grain refiner is Al-Ti-C wire is added on line in the casting process, and a 40+60ppi double-stage filter plate is selected for filtering molten aluminum.
2. Homogenizing annealing of the ingot:
the homogenizing annealing process comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 7-12 h at 535-550 ℃, and the cooling process is as follows: the diameter is not more than 152mm, and the method comprises mist cooling for 50-60min, and water cooling. The diameter is larger than 152mm and is not more than 254mm, and the method sequentially adopts 20min air cooling, 30min fog cooling and finally water cooling.
3. Sawing and forging the cast ingot to obtain a blank piece;
the blank temperature in the forging process is 460-530 ℃.
4. And (4) carrying out solution quenching treatment on the blank obtained in the step three.
The solution quenching treatment adopts an off-line quenching process as follows: keeping the temperature at 525-560 ℃ for 1.5-3 h, and finally cooling with water at the temperature of room temperature-55 ℃.
5. Carrying out artificial aging treatment on the blank piece treated in the fourth step;
the artificial aging process comprises the following steps: heating to 170-190 deg.c, maintaining for 6-12 hr and air cooling.
The aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft prepared by the method is applied to universal joint forks, spline sleeves and spline shaft forks.
The performance of the alloy prepared by the embodiment is as follows: the tensile strength is 431-446 MPa, the yield strength is 398-416 MPa, the elongation is 10.2-10.8%, the Brinell hardness is 134-139 HB, after welding, the tensile strength of the welding seam position is 324-331 MPa and is higher than 75% of the strength of a base metal, after being processed and assembled into a transmission shaft assembly, the rated torque of the transmission shaft with the yield torque larger than 1.5 times of the static torsion test of the transmission shaft can be met, the fatigue life of the fatigue torsion test of the transmission shaft reaches 25-25.5 ten thousand times, the use requirement of an automobile on the transmission shaft is met, and the light weight reduction work of the automobile is powerfully promoted.
In a fifth specific embodiment, the aluminum alloy for a high service transmission shaft comprises, by mass percent, si:1.05%, fe:0.12%, cu:0.48%, cr:0.25%, mg:1.58%, zr:0.15%, mn:0.15%, ti:0.12%, zn:0.2%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, the total mass percentage of all unavoidable impurities being < 0.15%, the mass percentage of the individual unavoidable impurities being < 0.05%.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft, and smelting and casting the weighed raw materials to obtain an ingot with the diameter of phi 152 mm;
the smelting process adopts sodium-free refining agent, the grain refiner is Al-Ti-C wire added on line in the casting process, and the molten aluminum is filtered and selected to be a 40+60ppi double-stage filter plate.
2. Homogenizing annealing of the ingot:
the homogenizing annealing process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 545 ℃ for 9h, cooling for 55min by mist cooling, and finally cooling by water.
3. And sawing and forging the cast ingot to obtain a blank piece, wherein the temperature of the blank is 465 ℃.
4. And (4) carrying out solution quenching treatment on the blank obtained in the step three, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 550 ℃ for 2h, discharging from the furnace and cooling by water, wherein the water temperature is 36 ℃.
5. And D, carrying out artificial aging treatment on the blank processed in the step four, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: heating to 180 ℃, preserving heat for 9 hours, and finally cooling in air.
The aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft prepared by the method is applied to universal joint forks, spline sleeves and spline shaft forks.
The performance of the alloy prepared by the embodiment is as follows: the tensile strength is 410MPa, the yield strength is 388MPa, the elongation is 11.3 percent, the Brinell hardness is 133HB, the tensile strength of the weld joint position after welding is 315MPa and is higher than 75 percent of the strength of the base metal, after the transmission shaft assembly is processed and assembled, the transmission shaft assembly can meet the transmission shaft rated torque which is more than 1.5 times of the yield torque of a transmission shaft static torsion test, the fatigue life of the transmission shaft fatigue torsion test reaches 23.8 ten thousand times, the use requirement of an automobile transmission shaft is met, and the light weight reduction work of an automobile is powerfully promoted.
In a sixth specific embodiment, the aluminum alloy for a high service transmission shaft comprises, by mass percent, si:1.52%, fe:0.3%, cu:0.6%, cr:0.2%, mg:1.78%, zr:0.2%, ti:0.13%, zn:0.16 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the total mass percent of all the inevitable impurities is less than 0.15 percent, and the mass percent of single inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 percent.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft, and smelting and casting the weighed raw materials to obtain an ingot with the diameter of phi 254 mm;
a sodium-free refining agent is selected in the smelting process, a grain refiner is Al-Ti-C wire is added on line in the casting process, and a 40+60ppi double-stage filter plate is selected for filtering molten aluminum.
2. Homogenizing annealing of the ingot:
the homogenizing annealing process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 545 deg.C for 11h, cooling by air cooling for 20min, fog cooling for 30min, and cooling by water.
3. Sawing and extruding the cast ingot to obtain a blank;
the billet temperature in the extrusion process was 470 ℃.
4. And (3) performing off-line solution quenching treatment on the blank obtained in the step three, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 1.5h at 550 ℃, and finally cooling with water at 22 ℃.
5. Carrying out artificial aging treatment on the blank processed in the step four;
the artificial aging process comprises the following steps: heating to 175 ℃, preserving the temperature for 9 hours, and finally cooling in air.
The aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft prepared by the method is applied to the shaft tube.
The performance of the aluminum alloy axle tube prepared by the embodiment is as follows: the tensile strength is 442MPa, the yield strength is 417MPa, the elongation is 10.5 percent, the Brinell hardness is 140HB, the tensile strength of the tensile at the welding seam position after welding is 334MPa and is higher than 75 percent of the strength of the base metal, after the transmission shaft assembly is processed and assembled, the transmission shaft assembly can meet the transmission shaft rated torque which is more than 1.5 times of the yield torque of a transmission shaft static torsion test, the fatigue life of the transmission shaft fatigue torsion test reaches 25 ten thousand times, the use requirement of an automobile on the transmission shaft is met, and the light weight reduction work of the automobile is powerfully promoted.
The seventh specific embodiment is different from the sixth specific embodiment in that when the shaft tube for the high-service transmission shaft is produced, the selected quenching mode is on-line quenching treatment, and the blank temperature during on-line quenching is required to meet 525 ℃ and the cooling rate is 100 ℃/min. The shaft tube prepared by the method can meet the alloy performance that: the tensile strength is 405MPa, the yield strength is 393MPa, the elongation is 11.0%, the Brinell hardness is 135HB, after welding, the weld strength is higher than 75% of the strength of a base metal, after processing and assembling into a transmission shaft assembly, the transmission shaft assembly can meet the transmission shaft rated torque of more than 1.5 times of the yield torque of a transmission shaft static torsion test, the fatigue life of the transmission shaft fatigue torsion test reaches 23.5 ten thousand times, the use requirements of an automobile on a transmission shaft are met, and the light weight and weight reduction work of the automobile is powerfully promoted.
Claims (8)
1. The aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: si:0.85 to 1.7%, fe:0.1 to 0.3%, cu:0.3 to 0.6%, cr:0.15 to 0.3%, mg:1.05 to 1.9%, zr: 0.1-0.2%, and at least one of Mn, ti and Zn, wherein Mn:0 to 0.5%, ti:0 to 0.2%, zn:0 to 0.2 percent, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities, wherein the total mass percent of all the inevitable impurities is less than 0.15 percent, and the mass percent of single inevitable impurities is less than 0.05 percent;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft, and smelting and casting the weighed raw materials to obtain an ingot;
the smelting process adopts a sodium-free refining agent, the grain refiner added on line in the casting process is Al-Ti-C filaments, and a double-stage plate type filtration is selected for aluminum liquid filtration, and a 40+60ppi filtration plate is selected;
2. homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot;
the homogenizing annealing process comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 7 to 12 hours at 535 to 550 ℃;
3. sawing, forging or extruding the cast ingot to obtain a blank;
the blank temperature in the forging and extruding process is 460-530 ℃;
4. carrying out solution quenching treatment on the blank obtained in the step three;
5. carrying out artificial aging treatment on the blank processed in the step four;
the artificial aging process comprises the following steps: heating to 170-190 ℃ and preserving heat for 6-12 h, discharging and air cooling;
the aluminum alloy and the aluminum alloy transmission shaft prepared by the method reduce weight by 40-50% compared with the traditional transmission shaft, and the strength of a welding seam after welding is higher than 75% of that of a base metal.
2. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1. weighing raw materials according to the mass percentage of each element of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft, and smelting and casting the weighed raw materials to obtain an ingot;
the smelting process adopts sodium-free refining agent, the grain refiner added on line in the casting process is Al-Ti-C wire, filtering aluminum liquid by selecting a two-stage plate filter, and selecting a 40+60ppi filter plate;
2. homogenizing and annealing the cast ingot;
the homogenizing annealing process comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 7 to 12 hours at 535 to 550 ℃;
3. sawing, forging or extruding the cast ingot to obtain a blank;
the blank temperature in the forging and extruding processes is 460-530 ℃;
4. carrying out solution quenching treatment on the blank obtained in the step three;
5. carrying out artificial aging treatment on the blank piece treated in the fourth step;
the artificial aging process comprises the following steps: heating to 170-190 deg.c, maintaining for 6-12 hr, and air cooling.
3. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: and step two, the cooling process after ingot casting homogenization annealing comprises the following steps: the diameter is not more than 152mm, and the method comprises mist cooling for 50-60min, and water cooling.
4. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: and step two, the cooling process after ingot casting homogenization annealing comprises the following steps: the diameter is larger than 152mm and is not more than 254mm, and the method comprises air cooling for 20min, fog cooling for 30min, and water cooling.
5. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: and step four, the solution quenching process is characterized in that the shaft tube is subjected to online water quenching or offline quenching, and the forged piece is subjected to offline quenching.
6. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft according to claim 5, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: the temperature of the blank part during online water quenching is 520-535 ℃, and the cooling rate is more than 85 ℃/min; the off-line quenching process comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for 1.5 to 3 hours at the temperature of between 525 and 560 ℃, and discharging and cooling by water.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy for the high-service transmission shaft according to claim 6, wherein the water temperature for off-line quenching is selected from room temperature to 55 ℃.
8. Use of an aluminium alloy for high service transmission shafts, prepared by the method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein: the aluminum alloy is used for manufacturing universal joint forks, spline sleeves, spline shaft forks and shaft tubes.
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