CN110157959B - High-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of metal materials. The die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 9.0-12.0% of Si, 8.0-12.0% of Zn, 0.3-0.5% of Mg, 0.2-0.5% of Fe, 0.3-0.65% of Mn, 0.05-0.1% of RE, 0.01-0.03% of B, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements and the balance of Al. The alloy absorbs the advantages of Al-Si series and Al-Zn series alloys, has the characteristics of good casting performance, strong feeding capability, small thermal expansion coefficient, high strength, good self-strengthening effect and the like, and is suitable for die-casting process production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal materials, in particular to a high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increasing requirements of automobile fuel efficiency and energy conservation and environmental protection, light weight has become one of the important development directions of the automobile industry. The existing research shows that the light high-strength material can effectively reduce the weight of the automobile. The aluminum alloy has the advantages of high specific strength and specific rigidity, good processing formability, 100% recovery and the like, and becomes one of ideal materials for automobile light weight. The average aluminum consumption of each passenger car is about 150 kg according to statistics, wherein the aluminum alloy casting accounts for about 77 percent of the aluminum consumption of the car, and the die casting accounts for more than 85 percent of the total amount of the casting. The strength of a common die casting is low, the strength of the die casting is improved by utilizing a solution heat treatment mode in the prior art, but bubbles can be formed on the surface of the die casting in the heat treatment process, so that the surface quality and the dimensional accuracy of the casting are influenced. Therefore, the effect of improving the mechanical property of the casting by adopting heat treatment is not ideal in common die castings, the performance of the casting is not high generally, the effect of reducing weight by structural optimization design is limited, and the development of a high-performance die-casting aluminum alloy material which is not strengthened by heat treatment is necessary.
At present, the traditional die-casting aluminum alloy mainly comprises two series of Al-Si series and Al-Mg series, wherein YL114(YZAlSi9Cu4) has the best performance, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 320MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 3.5%.
Patent CN101914709B discloses a high-toughness cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following main components: 9.5 to 11.0 percent of Mg9.1 to 0.4 percent of Ti, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of RE and 0.15 to 0.30 percent of Si, and the obtained casting has strength of over 300MPa and elongation of over 8.6 percent after solid solution and aging.
Patent CN108034870A discloses a die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness, wherein the mass fraction of the alloy chemical composition is Si: 8.0-9.0%, Mg: 0.2-0.3%, Mn: 0.3-0.5%, Cu: 0.1-0.2%, Fe: 0.15-0.2%, Y: 0.4-0.6%, Er: 0.2-0.3%, Ti: 0.01-0.02%, B: 0.03-0.06% and Al for the rest. The obtained die casting alloy has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 300MPa and the elongation of more than or equal to 6 percent.
Patent CN103243245A discloses a high-strength and plastic die-casting aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following chemical components: 11.0-12.0%, Fe: 0.2 percent; cu: 0.2 percent; mn: 0.5-0.8%; mg: 0.1 percent; zn: 0.5 percent; ti: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; al: and (4) the balance. The tensile strength of the alloy in a die-casting state can reach 328MPa, the yield strength is 150-170 MPa, and the elongation exceeds 5.0%.
In the high-strength and high-toughness cast aluminum alloy, the content of Cu in YL114 is high, and the hot cracking tendency is high; the patent CN101914709B is Al-Mg series cast aluminum alloy, and the melt is easy to burn and lose when the Mg content is higher, and the defects of oxide inclusion and the like are easy to appear. The Y, Er rare and precious metals in the patent CN108034870A are high in content and high in cost. The patent CN103243245A alloy has low yield strength and limited application.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness, which has the advantages of high strength, good heat-conducting property and high toughness and is suitable for a die-casting process.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness, which is simple, does not need to be obtained by high-temperature solution heat treatment, reduces the working procedures and saves the energy.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 9.0-12.0% of Si, 8.0-12.0% of Zn, 0.3-0.5% of Mg, 0.2-0.5% of Fe, 0.3-0.65% of Mn, 0.05-0.1% of RE, 0.01-0.03% of B, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, the content of Zn is 10 to 12%, preferably 10.9 to 12%.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, the content of B is 0.01 to 0.02%, preferably 0.01 to 0.018%.
Alternatively, in other embodiments of the present invention, the impurity element includes one or more of Cr, Cu, Ti, and Na.
Optionally, in other embodiments of the present invention, the tensile strength of the high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is 320-400 MPa; preferably, the yield strength of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is 240-290 MPa; preferably, the elongation of the high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is 4.5-8.0%; preferably, the hardness of the high-strength high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy is 100-130 HV.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: heating and melting the prepared high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy raw material, and then casting the melt into an ingot or casting and molding.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, the preparation process of the high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy melt comprises: firstly, adding raw materials of Al, Si, Zn, Fe and Mn into a smelting furnace, and heating to 750-800 ℃; comparing the designed components with the actually measured components of the alloy, adjusting the components of the alloy to the designed range, transferring the alloy to a heat preservation furnace, and reducing the temperature of the melt to 700-720 ℃ along with the furnace; then adding raw materials of Mg, B and RE, stirring and smelting into a melt.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, the raw material of Si is added together with the raw materials of Al, Zn, Fe, and Mn, or after the raw materials of Al, Zn, Fe, and Mn are melted, the raw material of Si is added.
Alternatively, in other embodiments of the present invention, the above-described raw materials of Mg, B and RE are added while being added by pressing the raw materials of Mg, B and RE into the melt.
Optionally, in other embodiments of the present invention, before the casting the melt into an ingot or casting and forming, degassing and removing impurities from the melt; preferably, degassing and impurity removal are carried out by spraying a refining agent into the melt; preferably, the refining agent is injected into the melt using an inert gas as a carrier.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness absorbs the advantages of Al-Si series and Al-Zn series alloys, has the characteristics of good casting performance, strong feeding capability, small thermal expansion coefficient, high strength, good self-strengthening effect and the like, and is suitable for die-casting process production. The Si content in the alloy is near the Al-Si eutectic composition point, so that the alloy has the best casting performance, the hot cracking tendency of the aluminum alloy with high Zn content can be effectively reduced, and the air tightness of the alloy is improved. The Zn content in the alloy reaches 8.0-12.0 percent, the alloy belongs to high-Zn aluminum alloy, and Zn, Al, Mg and other elements can form Al2Mg3Zn3And MgZn2The strengthening phase ensures that the alloy has high strength, can easily obtain a self-quenching structure, does not need to obtain the high-strength alloy through high-temperature solution heat treatment, is beneficial to reducing the working procedures and saving energy. The existence of Fe and Mn is beneficial to reducing the corrosion of the aluminum melt to the metal mold, the mass fraction of the Fe and the Mn is generally required to reach 0.8-1.1%, but in order to eliminate the primary iron-rich phase and the needle-shaped iron-rich phase with higher hazard, the absolute content and the relative content of the Mn and the Fe are strictly controlled. The element B can effectively reduce the initial formation temperature of the iron-rich phase, thereby effectively inhibiting the formation of the primary iron-rich phase in the melt. The RE element has strong chemical activity and surface activity, can effectively purify a melt when added into an aluminum melt, and has certain promotion effects on tissue refinement and iron-rich phase modification, but a coarse rare earth phase is easily formed when the RE content is too high, so that the improvement of the plasticity of the alloy is influenced, therefore, the addition amount of the RE element is controlled within 0.1 percent, the alloy cost is not obviously influenced, the grain refinement is favorable for improving the strength, and simultaneously, the toughness is improved, the brittle transition temperature is reduced, and the alloy toughness is improved. The alloy material prepared by the components has good casting performance and self-quenching performance, and also has the advantages of high strength, high toughness and the like, the room-temperature tensile strength is 320-400 MPa, the yield strength is 240-290 MPa, the elongation is 4.5-8.0%, and the hardness is 100-130 HV, so that the alloy material is suitable for a die-casting process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a (5000 times) microstructure map of an alloy casting provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness of the embodiment of the present invention and the method for producing the same will be specifically described below.
The embodiment of the invention provides a die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 9.0-12.0% of Si, 8.0-12.0% of Zn, 0.3-0.5% of Mg, 0.2-0.5% of Fe, 0.3-0.65% of Mn, 0.05-0.1% of RE, 0.01-0.03% of B, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
In the embodiment, Si in the aluminum alloy is used as a main component for improving the fluidity, a good mobile phase can be obtained from eutectic to hypereutectic, but the primarily formed Si phase is easy to form hard points, so that the machinability is poor, and in the application, the content of Si is 9.0-12.0% and is positioned near the Al-Si eutectic composition point.
In the application, Zn is added into aluminum at the same timeAnd Mg to form a strengthening phase Al2Mg3Zn3And MgZn2The alloy has high strength, and meanwhile, the self-quenching structure can be easily obtained, high-temperature solid solution heat treatment is not needed to improve the strength, the working procedures are reduced, and the energy is saved. The Zn content in the alloy is up to 8.0-12.0%, the alloy belongs to high Zn aluminum alloy, the Mg content is 0.3-0.5%, and the Zn and the Mg in the alloy are completely different from the dosage range of the Zn and the Mg in the prior art (generally, when the ratio of the Zn to the Mg is controlled to be about 2.7, the stress corrosion and the cracking resistance are the largest), so that the high Zn aluminum alloy is formed.
Fe will form needle-like β -Al with Al and Si5The FeSi phase is quenched during die casting, so that the precipitated iron-rich phase is very fine, and the Fe content is less than 0.8%, so that the film sticking phenomenon is easy to occur, and the precision and the service life of the die are damaged. The existence of Fe and Mn is beneficial to reducing the corrosion of the aluminum melt to the metal mold, so in the prior art, the mass fraction of the Fe and the Mn is generally required to reach 0.8-1.1%, but in order to eliminate the primary iron-rich phase and the needle-shaped iron-rich phase with greater harmfulness, the absolute content and the relative content of the Mn and the Fe are strictly controlled. And the addition of Mn can greatly reduce the number and size of the acicular iron-rich phase and even completely eliminate the acicular iron-rich phase. Therefore, the content of Fe is 0.2-0.5%, the content of Mn is 0.3-0.65%, the quantity and the size of the needle-shaped iron-rich phase can be effectively ensured to be small, and the die-casting performance is favorably improved.
The boron (B) element is added into the chemical components, and the research of the inventor finds that the B element can effectively reduce the initial formation temperature of the iron-rich phase, and the B has obvious refining effect on the grain size and the iron-rich phase of the Al-Si alloy; after the element B is added, the formation of a thick primary iron phase can be inhibited, and the change of the iron-rich phase from a thick star-shaped primary iron phase, a large-size dendritic iron phase, a net-shaped symbiotic iron-rich phase to a small-size dendritic iron-rich phase with high density and a Chinese character shape and a granular iron-rich phase is promoted, so that the formation of the primary iron-rich phase in the melt is effectively inhibited, and the toughness is improved.
The RE content in the alloy is 0.05-0.1%, the RE element has strong chemical activity and surface activity, the RE element is added into an aluminum melt, the melt can be effectively purified, meanwhile, the structure refinement and the iron-rich phase modification are promoted to a certain extent, but a thick rare earth phase is easily formed due to the high RE content, and the plasticity of the alloy is improved, so that the La and Ce light rare earth elements with large reserves and low cost are selected, the addition amount is controlled within 0.1%, the alloy cost is not obviously influenced, the crystal grains are refined, the strength is improved, the toughness is improved, the brittle transition temperature is reduced, and the alloy toughness is improved. The mass ratio of La to Ce in RE is not limited and can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
In addition, the impurity elements comprise one or more of Cr, Cu, Ti and Na, and the content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
The alloy material prepared by strictly controlling the contents of all chemical components in the application has the advantages of good casting performance and self-quenching performance, high strength, high toughness and the like, has the room-temperature tensile strength of 320-400 MPa, the yield strength of 240-290 MPa, the elongation of 4.5-8.0 percent and the hardness of 100-130 HV, and is suitable for a die-casting process.
In addition, in the case of an alloy, even if the amount, the type, the grain size, and the distribution of the second phase of any one of the alloying elements contained in the alloy are changed significantly by a slight change, the properties of the alloy are greatly changed, and the contents of other alloying elements in the alloy are directly affected, so that the alloy may have completely different mechanical properties even if the contents of the chemical components are different in the same chemical composition.
While the increase or decrease in the content of one element brings its own alloy effect, it also brings many other attendant adverse effects, and in such cases, the increase or decrease in the content of one or more other elements is required to overcome the aforementioned adverse effects. On the basis of the above, the inventor has long studied and continuously selects and adjusts the alloy components to provide a die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness, and the chemical composition comprises the following components by mass percent: 9.0-12.0% of Si, 8.0-12.0% of Zn, 0.3-0.5% of Mg, 0.2-0.5% of Fe, 0.3-0.65% of Mn, 0.05-0.1% of RE, 0.01-0.03% of B, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements and the balance of Al. Through the selection of the contents of the chemical components, the prepared high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy has the characteristics of good casting performance, strong feeding capability, small thermal expansion coefficient, high strength, good self-strengthening effect and the like, and is suitable for die-casting process production. The alloy material prepared by the components has good casting performance and self-quenching performance, and also has the advantages of high strength, high toughness and the like, the room-temperature tensile strength is 320-400 MPa, the yield strength is 240-290 MPa, the elongation is 4.5-8.0%, and the hardness is 100-130 HV, so that the alloy material is suitable for a die-casting process.
In addition, the application also provides a preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the steps of heating and melting the prepared raw material of the high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, and then casting the melt into an ingot or casting and forming. Specifically, it comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the required weight of each raw material component under the set component by considering the burning loss and the yield of the element;
s2, adding the Al, Si, Zn, Fe and Mn raw materials in the prepared raw materials into a smelting furnace, and heating to 750-800 ℃;
wherein, the Al material is selected from industrial pure aluminum, the Si material can be selected from Al-Si or simple substance Si, the Zn material is selected from industrial pure Zn, the Fe material can be selected from Al-Fe or Fe agent, and the Mn material can be selected from Al-Mn or Mn agent.
The Si material can be selected and added together with the raw materials of Al, Zn, Fe and Mn, and in this case, the added Si material is preferably Al-Si master alloy. Alternatively, the raw materials of Al, Zn, Fe and Mn are added and melted, and then the Si material added is preferably simple substance Si. When the Si material is added step by step, the temperature of the melt can be reduced, which is beneficial to reducing the burning loss of the Si material.
S3, comparing the design components and the actual measurement components of the alloy, adjusting the alloy components to the design range, transferring the alloy components to a heat preservation furnace, and reducing the temperature of the melt to 700-720 ℃ along with the furnace;
s4, pressing the proportioned raw materials of Mg, B and RE into the melt by using a titanium tool, and stirring the melt after melting; wherein, the Mg material is industrial pure magnesium, the B material is Al-B, and the RE material is Al-RE intermediate alloy.
In this application, through the inside of impressing Mg, B and RE's raw materials into the fuse-element, can avoid Mg, B and RE's raw materials and air contact, less element scaling loss improves the element yield. Meanwhile, the operation mode of step-by-step addition enables the raw materials of Al, Si, Zn, Fe and Mn to be smelted at the temperature of 750-800 ℃, and when the temperature is reduced to the temperature of 700-720 ℃, the raw materials of Mg, B and RE are added, so that the burning loss of the raw materials of Mg, B and RE can be reduced, and the cost is saved.
And S5, spraying a refining agent into the melt by taking high-purity inert gas as a carrier, degassing and removing impurities, and then sampling to test chemical components of the melt to ensure that alloy components are qualified. And standing for 15 minutes, slagging off, and starting a chain type ingot casting system to cast ingots to prepare the high-strength and high-toughness cast aluminum alloy material.
And S6, testing the chemical components and the mechanical properties of the alloy ingot, tracking and testing the mechanical properties of the die casting, and observing the metallographic structure of the alloy.
The die-cast aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The design components are as follows: 10% Si, 11% Zn, 0.35% Mg, 0.45% Fe, 0.4% Mn, 0.08% RE, 0.012% B. The mass of each raw material required for 25t of alloy was calculated in consideration of the burning loss of Mg and RE.
(1) Adding industrial pure aluminum, Al-Si, Zn, Al-Fe and Al-Mn in the prepared raw materials into a smelting furnace, and heating to 800 ℃;
(2) slightly stirring the melt after the raw materials in the furnace are completely melted, sampling from the middle part of the melt by using a sampling spoon, and testing alloy components; comparing the designed components with the actually measured components of the alloy, adjusting the components of the alloy to be within a design range, transferring the alloy to a heat preservation furnace, and reducing the temperature of a melt to 700 ℃ along with the furnace;
(3) pressing the proportioned simple substance Mg, Al-B and Al-RE intermediate alloy into the melt by using a titanium tool, and stirring the melt after melting;
(4) and (3) spraying a refining agent into the melt by using high-purity inert gas as a carrier, degassing and removing impurities, and then sampling to test chemical components of the melt to ensure that alloy components are qualified. And standing for 15 minutes, slagging off, and starting a chain type ingot casting system to cast ingots to prepare the high-strength and high-toughness cast aluminum alloy material.
(5) The chemical components of the alloy ingot are tested, the mechanical property of a die casting piece is tracked and tested, the metallographic structure of the alloy is observed, as shown in figure 1, a microstructure map of the alloy casting piece is shown when the alloy casting piece is amplified by 5000 times, as can be seen from figure 1, after the die casting forming, the alloy structure mainly comprises a fine α -Al matrix phase and an eutectic silicon phase, the grain diameter range of the former is 1-5 mu m, the length of the latter is 0.2-1.5 mu m, a small amount of granular iron-rich phase and zinc-rich phase exist in an eutectic region, the sizes of the phases are less than 0.5 mu m, the harm to the plasticity of the alloy is greatly reduced, and the rest Zn uses Mg2Zn and AlMgZn are dispersed in the matrix to strengthen the matrix.
Example 2:
the design components are as follows: 12% Si, 9.5% Zn, 0.45% Mg, 0.30% Fe, 0.55% Mn, 0.1% RE, 0.02% B. The mass of each raw material required for 25t of alloy was calculated in consideration of the burning loss of Mg and RE.
(1) Adding industrial pure aluminum, Al-Si, Zn, Fe agent and Mn agent in the prepared raw materials into a smelting furnace, and heating to 780 ℃;
(2) slightly stirring the melt after the raw materials in the furnace are completely melted, sampling from the middle part of the melt by using a sampling spoon, and testing alloy components; comparing the designed components with the actually measured components of the alloy, adjusting the alloy components to be within the designed range, transferring the alloy components to a heat preservation furnace, and reducing the temperature of a melt to 710 ℃ along with the furnace;
(3) pressing the proportioned simple substance Mg, Al-B and Al-RE intermediate alloy into the melt by using a titanium tool, and stirring the melt after melting;
(4) and (3) spraying a refining agent into the melt by using high-purity inert gas as a carrier, degassing and removing impurities, and then sampling to test chemical components of the melt to ensure that alloy components are qualified. And standing for 15 minutes, slagging off, and starting a chain type ingot casting system to cast into ingots to prepare the high-strength high-toughness cast aluminum alloy material.
(5) And testing the chemical components of the alloy ingot, tracking and testing the mechanical property of the die casting, and observing the metallographic structure of the alloy.
Example 3:
the design components are as follows: 9.0% Si, 8.0% Zn, 0.5% Mg, 0.5% Fe, 0.35% Mn, 0.05% RE, 0.03% B. The mass of each raw material required for 25t of alloy was calculated in consideration of the burning loss of Mg and RE.
(1) Adding industrial pure aluminum, Zn, Fe agent and Al-Mn in the prepared raw materials into a smelting furnace, and heating to 760 ℃;
(2) after the raw materials in the furnace are completely melted, adding simple substance Si. Slightly stirring the melt after the simple substance Si is completely melted, sampling from the middle part of the melt by using a sampling spoon, and testing alloy components;
(3) comparing the designed components with the actually measured components of the alloy, adjusting the alloy components to be within the designed range, transferring the alloy components to a heat preservation furnace, and reducing the temperature of a melt to 710 ℃ along with the furnace;
(4) pressing the proportioned simple substance Mg, Al-B and Al-RE intermediate alloy into the melt by using a titanium tool, and stirring the melt after melting;
(5) and (3) spraying a refining agent into the melt by using high-purity inert gas as a carrier, degassing and removing impurities, and then sampling to test chemical components of the melt to ensure that alloy components are qualified. And standing for 15 minutes, slagging off, pouring into a holding furnace to directly supply a die-casting forming device, and preparing the high-strength high-toughness cast aluminum alloy die casting.
(6) And testing the chemical components and mechanical properties of the casting, and observing the metallographic structure of the casting.
Example 4:
the design components are as follows: 10.5% Si, 12.0% Zn, 0.30% Mg, 0.4% Fe, 0.6% Mn, 0.1% RE, 0.02% B. The mass of each raw material required for 25t of alloy was calculated in consideration of the burning loss of Mg and RE.
(1) Adding the prepared industrial pure aluminum, Zn, Al-Fe and Mn agents in the raw materials into a smelting furnace, and heating to 750 ℃;
(2) after the raw materials in the furnace are completely melted, adding simple substance Si. Slightly stirring the melt after the simple substance Si is completely melted, sampling from the middle part of the melt by using a sampling spoon, and testing alloy components;
(3) comparing the designed components with the actually measured components of the alloy, adjusting the alloy components to be within the designed range, transferring the alloy components to a heat preservation furnace, and reducing the temperature of a melt to 720 ℃ along with the furnace;
(4) pressing the proportioned simple substance Mg, Al-B and Al-RE intermediate alloy into the melt by using a titanium tool, and stirring the melt after melting;
(5) and (3) spraying a refining agent into the melt by using high-purity inert gas as a carrier, degassing and removing impurities, and then sampling to test chemical components of the melt to ensure that alloy components are qualified. And standing for 15 minutes, slagging off, pouring into a holding furnace to directly supply a die-casting forming device, and preparing the high-strength high-toughness cast aluminum alloy die casting.
(6) And testing the chemical components and mechanical properties of the casting, and observing the metallographic structure of the casting.
The chemical composition of the aluminum alloys of examples 1-4 is compared in Table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical composition (wt.%) of aluminum alloy in examples 1-4
| Examples | Si | Zn | Mg | Fe | Mn | RE | B | Impurity element | Al |
| 1 | 9.89 | 10.95 | 0.36 | 0.46 | 0.43 | 0.08 | 0.010 | 0.14 | Balance of |
| 2 | 11.96 | 9.51 | 0.44 | 0.32 | 0.58 | 0.08 | 0.016 | 0.15 | Balance of |
| 3 | 9.06 | 7.98 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.38 | 0.05 | 0.026 | 0.13 | Balance of |
| 4 | 10.40 | 11.96 | 0.32 | 0.44 | 0.55 | 0.09 | 0.018 | 0.14 | Balance of |
In examples 1 to 4, other impurity elements may be: cr, Cu, Ti and Na.
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys of examples 1-4 are compared in Table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of the aluminum alloys in examples 1 to 4
| Examples | Tensile strength/MPa | Tensile strength at yield/MPa | Elongation/percent | microhardness/HV |
| 1 | 370 | 275 | 4.98 | 120 |
| 2 | 345 | 250 | 6.53 | 116 |
| 3 | 330 | 240 | 7.05 | 112 |
| 4 | 395 | 280 | 4.53 | 126 |
In conclusion, the die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness provided by the invention absorbs the advantages of Al-Si series and Al-Zn series alloys, has the characteristics of good casting performance, strong feeding capability, small thermal expansion coefficient, high strength, good self-strengthening effect and the like, and is suitable for die-casting process production. The Si content in the alloy is near the Al-Si eutectic composition point, so that the alloy has the best casting performance, the hot cracking tendency of the aluminum alloy with high Zn content can be effectively reduced, and the air tightness of the alloy is improved. The Zn content in the alloy reaches 8.0-12.0 percent, the alloy belongs to high-Zn aluminum alloy, and Zn, Al, Mg and other elements can form Al2Mg3Zn3And MgZn2The strengthening phase ensures that the alloy has high strength, can easily obtain a self-quenching structure, does not need high-temperature solution heat treatment to improve the strength, reduces the working procedures and saves energy. The existence of Fe and Mn is beneficial to reducing the corrosion of the aluminum melt to the metal mold, the mass fraction of the Fe and the Mn is generally required to reach 0.8-1.1%, but in order to eliminate the primary iron-rich phase and the needle-shaped iron-rich phase with higher hazard, the absolute content and the relative content of the Mn and the Fe are strictly controlled. B element is effectiveThe initial formation temperature of the iron-rich phase is lowered, thereby effectively suppressing the formation of the primary iron-rich phase in the melt. The RE element has strong chemical activity and surface activity, can effectively purify a melt when added into an aluminum melt, and simultaneously has a certain promotion effect on tissue refinement and iron-rich phase modification, but a coarse rare earth phase is easily formed when the RE content is too high, so that the plasticity of the alloy is improved, therefore, the invention selects two light rare earth elements of La and Ce with large reserves and low cost, the addition amount is controlled within 0.1%, the alloy cost is not obviously influenced, the crystal grain refinement is favorable for improving the strength, the toughness is improved, the brittle transition temperature is reduced, and the alloy toughness is improved. The alloy material prepared by the components has good casting performance and self-quenching performance, and also has the advantages of high strength, high toughness and the like, the room-temperature tensile strength is 320-400 MPa, the yield strength is 240-290 MPa, the elongation is 4.5-8.0%, and the hardness is 100-130 HV, so that the alloy material is suitable for a die-casting process.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 9.0-12.0% of Si, 10.9-12.0% of Zn, 0.3-0.5% of Mg, 0.2-0.5% of Fe, 0.3-0.65% of Mn, 0.05-0.1% of RE, 0.01-0.018% of B, less than or equal to 0.15% of impurity elements and the balance of Al.
2. The high strength, high toughness die cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein said impurity elements include one or more of Cr, Cu, Ti and Na.
3. The high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein the tensile strength of the high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is 320-400 MPa.
4. The high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein the yield strength of the high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is 240-290 MPa.
5. The high strength, high toughness die cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein said high strength, high toughness die cast aluminum alloy has an elongation of 4.5-8.0%.
6. The high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy as recited in claim 1, wherein the hardness of the high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is 100-130 HV.
7. A method for producing a high-strength high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: heating and melting the prepared raw material of the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, and then casting the melt into ingots or casting and molding;
the preparation process of the high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy melt comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding raw materials of Al, Si, Zn, Fe and Mn into a smelting furnace, and heating to 750-800 ℃;
comparing the designed components with the actually measured components of the alloy, adjusting the components of the alloy to the designed range, transferring the alloy to a heat preservation furnace, and reducing the temperature of the melt to 700-720 ℃ along with the furnace;
then adding raw materials of Mg, B and RE, stirring and smelting into a melt;
when the raw materials of Mg, B and RE are added, they are added by pressing them into the melt.
8. The method of manufacturing a high strength and high toughness die cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 7, wherein a raw material of Si is added together with raw materials of Al, Zn, Fe and Mn, or after the raw materials of Al, Zn, Fe and Mn are melted, the raw material of Si is added.
9. The method of producing a high-strength high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 7, further comprising degassing the melt before casting the melt into an ingot or casting the melt into a shape.
10. The method of producing a high-strength high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy according to claim 9, wherein the degassing is performed by injecting a refining agent into the melt.
11. The method of producing a high-strength high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 10, wherein said refining agent is injected into said melt using an inert gas as a carrier.
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| CN111926222B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-11-30 | 肇庆南都再生铝业有限公司 | Heat-resistant regenerated die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114855036B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-03-17 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | High-strength high-thermal-conductivity cast aluminum alloy, preparation method thereof and aluminum alloy product |
| CN114752823B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-03-17 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Heat-treatment-free high-thermal-conductivity die-casting aluminum alloy, and preparation method and application thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20230317 Address after: 510000 363 Changxin Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong. Patentee after: Institute of new materials, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Patentee after: ZHAOQING SOUTHERN ALUMINUM RECYCLING CO.,LTD. Patentee after: SOUTH CHINA University OF TECHNOLOGY Address before: 510000 363 Changxin Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong. Patentee before: Institute of materials and processing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Patentee before: ZHAOQING SOUTHERN ALUMINUM RECYCLING CO.,LTD. Patentee before: SOUTH CHINA University OF TECHNOLOGY |