CN114774740A - High-strength high-plasticity die-casting aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-strength high-plasticity die-casting aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114774740A
CN114774740A CN202210709445.1A CN202210709445A CN114774740A CN 114774740 A CN114774740 A CN 114774740A CN 202210709445 A CN202210709445 A CN 202210709445A CN 114774740 A CN114774740 A CN 114774740A
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die
aluminum alloy
alloy material
weight
casting
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李盾
王晓鍇
李健强
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Shanghai Jialang Industrial Nantong Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength high-plasticity die-casting aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof. The die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8.0-11.0%, Mo: 0.4-0.8%, Mn: 0-0.35%, Cr: 0.15-0.35%, Mg: 0.2-0.6%, Zn: 0.05 to 0.08%, Ti: 0.10 to 0.25%, Sr: 0.01-0.03%, and the balance of Al material. The preparation method of the high-strength high-plasticity AlSi9MoMnMg die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps of mixing the raw material components according to the weight percentage, smelting to form a melt, and melting at 730-760 ℃; transferring the mixture into a standing furnace, refining the mixture by using nitrogen and a refining agent at the refining temperature of 720-750 ℃, standing the mixture after the refining is finished, and introducing the mixture into a unit heat preservation furnace 680-700 ℃; vacuum die casting is carried out at 660-680 ℃. The invention improves the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy material and solves the problem of aluminum sticking and demoulding in the die casting process; the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is improved through a new heat treatment process.

Description

High-strength high-plasticity die-casting aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength high-plasticity die-casting aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of the automobile industry, the automobile is developed in a light weight mode, aluminum alloys are used for a chassis, an engine, an auxiliary frame, a damping tower, a battery case and a control arm, and the traditional aluminum alloys AlSi10Mg, AlSi9Cu3 and A380 cannot meet the requirements of strength and plasticity of products.
The research of the AlSi10MnMg die-casting aluminum alloy abroad has higher room temperature strength and plasticity, but the demoulding effect is not good during die-casting, and the alloy has insufficient high temperature resistance strength.
The heat treatment process of the vacuum die casting is not sufficiently researched, T6 heat treatment cannot be carried out, the die casting is easy to bubble, the performance cannot reach the expected idea, and the T6 heat treatment process has certain disadvantages.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in parts by weight
Si:8.0~11.0%,
Mo:0.4~0.8%,
Mn:0~0.35%,
Cr:0.15~0.35%,
Mg:0.2~0.6%,
Zn:0.05-0.08%,
Ti:0.10~0.25%,
Sr:0.01~0.03%,
The balance of Al material.
In some cases, the Al material is a00 pure aluminum.
In some cases, Fe contained in the Al material accounts for 0.1-0.3% of the total amount of the die-casting aluminum alloy material; preferably, the content of Fe in the Al material is 0.15% of the total amount of the die-casting aluminum alloy material.
In some cases, the Mn content is 0.15-0.35% of the alloy material, and/or the Mo content is 0.4-0.8% of the alloy material;
the content of Zn accounts for 0.07 percent of the alloy material.
The high-strength high-plasticity AlSi9MoMnMg die-casting aluminum alloy material consists of the following components in parts by weight
Si:8.0~11.0%,
Fe:0.1-0.3%,
Mo:0.4~0.8%,
Mn:0.15~0.35%,
Cr:0.15~0.35%,
Mg:0.2~0.6%,
Zn:0.07-0.08%,
Ti:0.10~0.25%,
Sr:0.01~0.03%,
The balance being Al.
In some cases, the Fe content is 0.15%.
The preparation method of the high-strength high-plasticity AlSi9MoMnMg die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps
Mixing the raw material components, smelting to form a melt, and melting at 730-760 ℃;
transferring the mixture into a standing furnace, refining the mixture by using nitrogen and a refining agent at the refining temperature of 720-750 ℃, standing the mixture after the refining is finished, and introducing the mixture into a unit heat preservation furnace 680-700 ℃;
vacuum die casting is carried out at 660-680 ℃.
In some cases, after vacuum die casting, use is made of
The two-stage aging heat treatment process comprises heating the product to 80-100 ℃/2H with a furnace, then heating to 160-180 ℃/6-8H for air cooling, and/or
T6 heat treatment process, solid solution 510-.
The modified material of the die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in parts by weight
Si: 8.0 to 11.0 parts by weight,
mo: 0.4 to 0.8 part by weight,
mn: 0 to 0.35 part of (B),
cr: 0.15 to 0.35 part by weight,
mg: 0.2 to 0.6 part by weight,
zn: 0.05 to 0.08 portion of,
ti: 0.10 to 0.25 part by weight,
sr: 0.01-0.03 part;
wherein the content of Mo and Mn is not 0 part at the same time.
In some cases, Mo: 0.4-0.8 parts and/or Mn: 0.15-0.35 part;
zn: 0.07 part;
preferably, Si accounts for 8.0-11.0% of the total weight of the die-casting aluminum alloy material.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy material are improved, and the problem of aluminum sticking and demolding in the die casting process is solved; the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is improved through a new heat treatment process. Meanwhile, a novel material component suitable for the aluminum alloy is provided, the metal performance of the aluminum alloy can be improved through the modified material, the production is convenient, the modified material can be directly mixed with an aluminum ingot, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure drawing according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a table of the ingredients of examples 1-7;
FIG. 3 shows the results of metallographic and performance measurements carried out for examples 1 to 7;
FIG. 4 is a table of the components of other alloys;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic and performance measurement of the alloy of FIG. 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below:
the first aspect of this section discloses the following:
the die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in parts by weight
Si:8.0~11.0%,
Mo:0.4~0.8%,
Mn:0~0.35%,
Cr:0.15~0.35%,
Mg:0.2~0.6%,
Zn:0.05~0.08%,
Ti:0.10~0.25%,
Sr:0.01~0.03%,
The balance of Al material,
wherein the content of Mo and Mn is not 0 percent at the same time.
In some cases, the Al material is a00 pure aluminum (technical pure aluminum); pure aluminum a00 inevitably contains Fe, and different grades have different aluminum contents.
However, the component of the present invention is not limited to A00 pure aluminum, and other aluminum materials with similar aluminum content and iron content should be equally within the scope of the present invention.
In some cases, Fe contained in the Al material accounts for 0.1-0.3% of the total amount (total weight of the whole composition) of the die-cast aluminum alloy material; preferably, the content of Fe in the Al material is 0.15% of the total amount of the die-casting aluminum alloy material.
In some of the above cases, the Mn content is 0.15-0.35% of the alloy material; and/or the content of Mo accounts for 0.4-0.8% of the alloy material, the increase of Mo element can meet the requirement of demoulding, and the Mo element can be widely applied to the research and development expansion aspect of a novel high-strength and plastic die-casting aluminum alloy material. (ii) a
The content of Zn accounts for 0.07 percent of the alloy material.
Mo, Cr and Mn are added into the alloy to reduce the harm of Fe, the three elements are added simultaneously to convert a beta Al5FeSi phase into a-Al (MnCrFe) Si and a-Al (MoFe) Si phases, Mo can improve the harm of Fe more effectively than Mn, and Mo: 0.4-0.8%, Cr: 0.15-0.35%, Mn: 0.15-0.30 percent. Cr can refine grains and improve the strength of the alloy.
The second aspect of this section discloses the following:
the high-strength high-plasticity AlSi9MoMnMg die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in parts by weight
Si:8.0~11.0%,
Fe:0.1-0.3%,
Mo:0.4~0.8%,
Mn:0.15~0.35%,
Cr:0.15~0.35%,
Mg:0.2~0.6%,
Zn:0.07~0.08%,
Ti:0.10~0.25%,
Sr:0.01~0.03%,
The balance being Al.
At this time, Al is expressed as pure aluminum without considering impurities therein; it is within the scope of the present invention if impurities are incorporated into the component, but the total weight of the component (excluding impurities) after the impurities are tapped is consistent with the present invention.
In some cases, the Fe content is 0.15%.
The composition and proportion of each component in the first three aspects of the part have some more prominent effects.
The strength of the alloy is greatly improved after quenching and aging treatment by changing the content of Mg and Si, the maximum value is in a three-phase region, but when residual Si and Mg2Si exist in the alloy, the corrosion resistance is reduced along with the increase of the amount. Through research: in order to form Mg2Si strengthening phase by matching with the content of Si, the ratio of Mg to Si is 1.73:1, the alloy strength is improved by precipitating Mg2Si phase by aging treatment, but the elongation is reduced with the content of Mg higher than 0.6 percent, and the content of Mg is controlled to be 0.2 to 0.6 percent.
Fe can improve the mucosa phenomenon of die casting alloy, but needle-shaped beta Al5FeSi phase is inevitably generated to obstruct metal flow and easily generate loose pores, so that Fe is not added in the invention, but Fe is inevitably contained in A00 pure aluminum, and Fe is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
Mn can improve the harmful effect of Fe, can replace Fe atoms in a beta Al5FeSi phase, converts the beta Al5FeSi phase into a-Al (MnFe) Si, is beneficial to improving the alloy performance, controls the Mn content to be 0.15-0.35%, can improve the alloy strength, improves the corrosion resistance and the impact toughness, can generate a needle-shaped MnAl6 phase when the Mn content is too high, reduces the alloy plasticity and the strength, and can improve the aluminum sticking tendency of die casting.
Mo can also improve the harm of Fe more effectively than Mn, 0.1% of Fe is completely converted into a-Al (MoFe) Si phase after 0.3% of Mo element is added, and fine a-Al (MoFe) Si phase is uniformly distributed in an aluminum matrix, so that dislocation movement is prevented, the alloy strength is improved, the heat resistance is good, and the plasticity is good. If Mn and Mo are added simultaneously, the pre-eutectic and eutectic beta-Fe phases can be completely modified, the addition is better than that of single addition, the die casting is easier to demould, and the Mo content is controlled to be 0.4-0.8%.
The addition of Cr element makes Al (MnFe) Si phase disappear basically, Al (MnCrFe) Si phase is formed, edges and corners are passivated, stress concentration is reduced, and alloy strength and plasticity are improved. The content of Cr is controlled to be 0.15-0.35%, the Cr can refine grains, the corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved, and the heat resistance of the alloy is improved more importantly. The alloy is used together with Mo, and is more beneficial to improving the alloy performance.
Ti content is 0.1-0.25%, Al3Ti phase is formed, crystal grain is refined, if the addition amount is higher than 0.25%, the amount of impurities is large, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is reduced. After 0.3% of Sr is added, the eutectic silicon is changed into a fibrous shape from a needle shape, and the body has a modification effect, so that the strength and the plasticity are improved.
Through the adjustment of elements, three elements of Mo, Mn and Cr are mainly added to change the harm of Fe, improve the strength and plasticity of the alloy and improve the process defects of die-casting mucosa.
The third aspect of this section discloses the following:
the preparation method of the high-strength high-plasticity AlSi9MoMnMg die-casting aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps
Mixing the raw material components according to the part, and smelting to form a melt, wherein the melting temperature is 730-;
transferring the mixture into a standing furnace, refining the mixture by using nitrogen and a refining agent at the refining temperature of 720-750 ℃, standing the mixture after the refining is finished, and introducing the mixture into a unit heat preservation furnace 680-700 ℃;
vacuum die casting is carried out at 660-680 ℃.
In some cases, after vacuum die casting, use is made of
The two-stage aging heat treatment process comprises heating the product to 80-100 deg.C/2H with a furnace, heating to 160 deg.C/180 deg.C/6-8H, air cooling, and/or
T6 heat treatment process, solid solution 510-.
The two-stage aging heat treatment process comprises the steps of heating a product to 80-100 ℃/2H along with a furnace, then heating to 160-180 ℃/6-8H for air cooling, wherein the tensile strength is more than or equal to 300MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 190MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 4%.
T6 heat treatment, after solid solution at 510-530 ℃/0.5-1h, water quenching (water temperature 50-80 ℃), aging at 160-180 ℃/2-4h air cooling, wherein the tensile strength is not less than 330MPa, the yield strength is not less than 220MPa, and the elongation is not less than 5%.
The fourth aspect of this section discloses the following:
the modified material of the die-casting aluminum alloy material is a matched composition in the aluminum alloy material and is matched with aluminum to prepare aluminum alloy; in the aluminum alloy material, all the components which have the following components and the total proportion of the components in the aluminum alloy material is consistent with the scope of the invention, and the components are all within the scope of the invention.
The modified material consists of the following components in parts by weight
Si: 8.0 to 11.0 parts by weight,
mo: 0.4 to 0.8 portion of,
mn: 0 to 0.35 part by weight of a stabilizer,
cr: 0.15 to 0.35 part by weight,
mg: 0.2 to 0.6 part by weight,
zn: 0.05 to 0.08 portion of,
ti: 0.10 to 0.25 part by weight,
sr: 0.01-0.03 part;
wherein the contents of Mo and Mn are not 0 at the same time.
In some cases, Mo: 0.4-0.8 parts and/or Mn: 0.15-0.35 part;
zn: 0.07 part;
si accounts for 8.0-11.0% of the total weight of the die-casting aluminum alloy material; therefore, the mixture ratio of other materials to the aluminum ingot to be mixed can be analogized; industrial aluminum having a certain amount of impurities is used in industrial production in large quantities.
The fifth aspect of this section discloses a specific solution as follows:
the invention discloses a high-strength high-plasticity AlSi9MoMnMg die-casting aluminum alloy which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 8.0-11.0%, Fe: 0.15%, Mo: 0.4-0.8%, Mn: 0.15 to 0.35%, Cr: 0.15-0.35%, Mg: 0.2 to 0.6%, Zn: 0.07%, Ti: 0.10-0.25%, Sr: 0.01 to 0.03%, Al: and the balance.
The sixth aspect of this section is described in conjunction with a specific study:
in this study, the composition of each component is shown in fig. 2 (mass fraction%).
Melting alloy according to the components in the table, refining by using nitrogen and a refining agent at the refining temperature of 720-750 ℃ for 5-10 minutes, standing for 10-15 minutes after refining, performing chemical component test to meet the requirements of material components, introducing the aluminum liquid into a die casting machine side heat preservation furnace at the temperature of 680-700 ℃, performing vacuum die casting by controlling the aluminum liquid within the range of 660-680 ℃, and directly performing performance test on the auxiliary frame to meet the requirements.
The cast engine cantilever support is subjected to T1 heat treatment, the two-stage aging heat treatment process comprises the steps of heating the product to 80-100 ℃/2H along with a furnace, then heating to 160-180 ℃/6-8H for air cooling, and then carrying out mechanical property test on the product.
The control arm which is die-cast needs to be subjected to T6 heat treatment, after the control arm is subjected to solid solution at the temperature of 510-180 ℃/0.5-1h, water quenching (the water temperature is 50-80 ℃), air cooling at the temperature of 160-180 ℃/2-4h, and mechanical property testing is carried out on product sampling.
Relative to the processing time, the reaction time in other ranges is not substantially changed, and is also equivalent to the scope of the present invention.
Metallographic and performance tests were performed on the above examples and the results of the performance tests are shown in FIG. 3.
Alloy compositions according to the invention examples 1 to 7 test results:
A. the tensile strength is more than or equal to 260MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 145MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 7.5% in an as-cast state;
B. the tensile strength is more than or equal to 300MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 190MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 4% in a two-stage aging heat treatment state;
c, the tensile strength of the steel plate under the heat treatment state of T6 is more than or equal to 330Mpa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 220Mpa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 5%.
The above 7 examples have similar effects, and needle-like β Al5FeSi was not observed in the as-cast metallographic structure, and sweat-like or skeletal a-Al (momnfe) Si phase and Al (mncrfe) Si phase were observed, and eutectic silicon was finely dendritic. The metallographic structure after the two-stage aging heat treatment shows that the Al has small round changes, a large amount of small dendritic eutectic silicon is gathered at the crystal boundary, and the strengthening phase Mg2Si is fully precipitated. The eutectic silicon grains after treatment by T6 were particulated and spheroidized, as shown in fig. 1.
Another embodiment is described below:
the composition of each component of the other alloys is shown in fig. 4 (mass fraction%).
Metallographic and performance tests were performed on the above examples and the results of the performance tests are shown in fig. 5.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the general spirit and concept of the invention. All falling within the scope of protection of the present invention. The protection scheme of the invention is subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The die-casting aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight
Si:8.0~11.0%,
Mo:0.4~0.8%,
Mn:0~0.35%,
Cr:0.15~0.35%,
Mg:0.2~0.6%,
Zn:0.05~0.08%,
Ti:0.10~0.25%,
Sr:0.01~0.03%,
The balance of Al material.
2. The die cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the Al content is A00 pure aluminum.
3. The die-cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 2, wherein Fe contained in the Al material is 0.1-0.3% of the total amount of the die-cast aluminum alloy material; preferably, the content of Fe in the Al material accounts for 0.15% of the total amount of the die-casting aluminum alloy material.
4. The die-cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the Mn content is 0.15 to 0.35% of the alloy material;
the content of Zn accounts for 0.07 percent of the alloy material.
5. The high-strength high-plasticity AlSi9MoMnMg die-casting aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight
Si:8.0~11.0%,
Fe:0.1-0.3%,
Mo:0.4~0.8%,
Mn:0.15~0.35%,
Cr:0.15~0.35%,
Mg:0.2~0.6%,
Zn:0.07~0.08%,
Ti:0.10~0.25%,
Sr:0.01~0.03%,
The balance being Al.
6. The high-strength high-plasticity AlSi9MoMnMg die-cast aluminum alloy material according to claim 5, wherein the Fe content is 0.15%.
7. The preparation method of the high-strength high-plasticity AlSi9MoMnMg die-casting aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps
Mixing the raw material components as recited in claim 5, melting to form a melt, wherein the melting temperature is 730-760 ℃;
transferring the mixture into a standing furnace, refining the mixture by using nitrogen and a refining agent at the refining temperature of 720-750 ℃, standing the mixture after the refining is finished, and introducing the mixture into a unit heat preservation furnace 680-700 ℃;
vacuum die casting is carried out at 660-680 ℃.
8. The preparation method of the high-strength high-plasticity AlSi9MoMnMg die-casting aluminum alloy material according to claim 7, characterized in that,
after vacuum die casting, adopt
The two-stage aging heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the product to 80-100 ℃/1-3H with the furnace, then heating to 160-
T6 heat treatment process: water quenching is carried out at the temperature of 0.5-1h for solution treatment of 510 and 530 ℃, and at the temperature of 2-4h for aging treatment of 160 and 180 ℃.
9. The modified material of the die-casting aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight
Si: 8.0 to 11.0 parts by weight,
mo: 0.4 to 0.8 part by weight,
mn: 0 to 0.35 part of (B),
cr: 0.15 to 0.35 part by weight,
mg: 0.2 to 0.6 part by weight,
zn: 0.05 to 0.08 part by weight,
ti: 0.10 to 0.25 part by weight,
sr: 0.01 to 0.03 portion.
10. The die-cast aluminum alloy material modification material according to claim 9, wherein the ratio of Mn: 0.15-0.35 part;
zn: 0.07 part;
preferably, Si accounts for 8.0-11.0% of the total weight of the die-casting aluminum alloy material.
CN202210709445.1A 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 High-strength high-plasticity die-casting aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof Pending CN114774740A (en)

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