CN104641884A - Planting method of water chestnut - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of water chestnut, which comprises the following steps of (1), germinating and transplanting; (2), field management; (3), pest control; (4) harvesting. In the planting method, germination is performed by adopting sterilization liquid, the anti-bacteria and sterilization performance is effectively improved under the condition that seeds are not damaged, well guarantee is provided for improving disease resistance of plants, the adaption of the plants to soil can be effectively improved by adopting a soil improver, absorption and use to nutrients are improved, by adopting the planting method, the disease resistance and pest resistance of the plants can be greatly improved, the morbidity is lowered, and the quality of finished products of the water chestnut is improved.

Description

The implantation methods of a kind of water chestnut

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to agriculture field, particularly relates to the implantation methods of a kind of water chestnut.

Background technology

Eleocharis sedge family, about 150 kinds, the whole world, is widely distributed in the whole world, is many with subtropical and tropical zones.In state-owned more than 20 plant and some mutation, be distributed in each provinces and regions, north and south.Originate in India, be mainly distributed in the low laying areas such as Guangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guizhou in China, also there is distribution some areas, Hebei.Lujiang County former willow township in Anhui Province's abounds with high-quality water chestnut, is Largest In China " township of water chestnut ".Green hill town, Lipu county of hazard prevention is recognition of state " township of water chestnut ".In addition also have Mao Li town, Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province to be also the water chestnut place of production, be sold abroad always, well-known.

Water chestnut is a kind of appetizing food, pharmaceutically have quench the thirst, help digestion, antipyretic effect.Water chestnut is in spring bright front and back vernalization, and before and after the Beginning of summer, lower seedling, transplants around Grain in Ear, receives and dig after the Beginning of Winter.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is just to provide the implantation methods of a kind of water chestnut.

The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

An implantation methods for water chestnut, comprises the following steps:

(1) vernalization is transplanted: to wet straw 8-10 cm thick indoor paving, kind of a shepherd's purse bud is arranged on straw upward, stack 3-4 layer, the straw that covering was above soaked by bactericidal liquid, soak time is 30-40 minute, bactericidal liquid temperature is 40-50 DEG C, and described use bactericidal liquid is made up of the raw material mixing of following weight parts: chlorhexidine 1-2, natrium nitrosum 0.5-1, Triadimenol 2-3, leonurine 0.1-0.2, water 900-1000; Every day sooner or later trickle, as the long 1-2 centimetre of bud, the straw that removing upper strata covers, uses above-mentioned bactericidal liquid instead and spreads fertilizer over the fields, and keeps straw moistening, when cladodium grows tall 10-12 centimetre, and when having 3-4 sprouting of lateral bud, can move into seedling field; The field of transplanting needs deep ploughing and intensive cultivation, every mu is executed dung polluted water 2000-2500 jin, ash 200-250 jin, soil conditioner 40-50 jin makes base manure, and described soil conditioner is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: flyash 70-80, concentration are sulfuric acid 6-10, the ethyl maltol 1-2 of 80-85%, crab shell powder 4-6, quicklime 5-7, tripentaerythritol 2-3, sophorolipid 1-2, sodium metaaluminate 4-6; Flyash is placed in Muffle furnace, 1-2 hour is calcined at 600-700 DEG C, add above-mentioned sulfuric acid after taking out cooling, send in the water-bath of 80-90 DEG C after stirring, heating 100-120 minute, abrasive dust after discharging cooling, cross 80-200 mesh sieve, add sodium metaaluminate, mix and blend 8-10 minute at 100-110 DEG C, be cooled to normal temperature, obtain modified coal ash; Joined by quicklime in 5-10 times of water, add tripentaerythritol, modified coal ash after stirring, at 80-90 DEG C, heating is stirred to water and does, and adds each raw material of residue, stirs, dry, to obtain final product; Taking apart taking advantage of a situation with mother bulb and larger tillered nursery plant, carrying out a point cultivation, by line-spacing 1.5-2 chi, seedling planted by spacing in the rows 0.8-1 chi, plants the 3500-4000 root and stem of certain plants for every mu.

(2) field management: when shepherd's purse seedling appears bud mouth spray short flower king No. 3, in the strong base of fruit spirit of young fruit period spray, fills with shallow water 3 centimetres when planting, impels root of hair; Weed the fields when topdressing at every turn, first water is drained, then apply fertilizer, pour water to the original degree of depth again until fertile suction after in soil, enter plant the plant division stage of tillering, the depth of water often will keep 1.5-3 centimetre, as heat and drought condition, suitably adds deep water level;

(3) extermination of disease and insect pest: water chestnut main diseases and insect pests has stem rot, fusarium wilt, culm rot, banded sclerotial blight, snout moth's larva etc., the control of fusarium wilt, stem rot is continuous cropping to produce, and field takes interval 2-3 crop rotation; After disease symptom occurs, 70% mancozeb, triketone etc. can be selected to be used alternatingly, and banded sclerotial blight and stalk break doubly can spray with 5% jinggangmeisu 2000, and control snout moth's larva can select higher effective and lower toxic pesticide: 5% Frontline 30-35 gram, and the 150-200 jin that adds water sprays;

(4) gather: water chestnut picking time can from the Frost's Descent to the 2nd year Spring Equinox, generally bleed off water in field in the previous day of gathering, because bulb mainly concentrates in the soil layer of 9-20 centimetre, first pull down upper strata 8-9 centimetre earth, then subsoil is clawed, carefully pinch out bulb with hand.

Advantage of the present invention is:

Implantation methods of the present invention adopts bactericidal liquid to carry out vernalization, ensureing to effectively raise restraining and sterilizing bacteria performance under the condition not being injury seed, for the disease resistance improving plant provides good guarantee, the soil conditioner adopted effectively can improve the adaptability of plant to soil, improve the absorption to nutriment and utilization, implantation methods of the present invention can improve the disease-resistant insect pest performance of plant greatly, reduces the incidence of disease, improves water chestnut quality of finished.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

An implantation methods for water chestnut, comprises the following steps:

(1) vernalization is transplanted: to wet straw 8-10 cm thick indoor paving, kind of a shepherd's purse bud is arranged on straw upward, stack 3-4 layer, the straw that covering was above soaked by bactericidal liquid, soak time is 40 minutes, bactericidal liquid temperature is 50 DEG C, and described use bactericidal liquid is made up of the raw material mixing of following weight parts: chlorhexidine 1, natrium nitrosum 0.5, Triadimenol 3, leonurine 0.2, water 1000; Every day is trickle sooner or later, and as the long 1-2 centimetre of bud, the straw that removing upper strata covers, uses above-mentioned bactericidal liquid instead and spread fertilizer over the fields, and keeps straw moistening, when cladodium grows tall 12 centimetres, and when having 3 sprouting of lateral bud, can move into seedling field; The field of transplanting needs deep ploughing and intensive cultivation, every mu is executed dung polluted water 2500 jin, ash 250 jin, soil conditioner 40 jin make base manure, and described soil conditioner is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: flyash 70, concentration are sulfuric acid 6-10, ethyl maltol 1, crab shell powder 4, quicklime 7, tripentaerythritol 2, sophorolipid 1, the sodium metaaluminate 6 of 85%; Flyash is placed in Muffle furnace, calcine 2 hours at 700 DEG C, add above-mentioned sulfuric acid after taking out cooling, send in the water-bath of 90 DEG C after stirring, heat 120 minutes, abrasive dust after discharging cooling, cross 200 mesh sieves, add sodium metaaluminate, mix and blend 10 minutes at 110 DEG C, be cooled to normal temperature, obtain modified coal ash; Joined by quicklime in 10 times of water, add tripentaerythritol, modified coal ash after stirring, at 80 DEG C, heating is stirred to water and does, and adds each raw material of residue, stirs, dry, to obtain final product; Taking apart taking advantage of a situation with mother bulb and larger tillered nursery plant, carrying out a point cultivation, by line-spacing 1.5-2 chi, seedling planted by spacing in the rows 0.8-1 chi, plants 4000 root and stem of certain plants for every mu.

(2) field management: when shepherd's purse seedling appears bud mouth spray short flower king No. 3, in the strong base of fruit spirit of young fruit period spray, fills with shallow water 3 centimetres when planting, impels root of hair; Weed the fields when topdressing at every turn, first water is drained, then apply fertilizer, pour water to the original degree of depth again until fertile suction after in soil, enter plant the plant division stage of tillering, the depth of water often will keep 1.5-3 centimetre, as heat and drought condition, suitably adds deep water level;

(3) extermination of disease and insect pest: water chestnut main diseases and insect pests has stem rot, fusarium wilt, culm rot, banded sclerotial blight, snout moth's larva etc., the control of fusarium wilt, stem rot is continuous cropping to produce, and field takes interval 2-3 crop rotation; After disease symptom occurs, 70% mancozeb, triketone etc. can be selected to be used alternatingly, and banded sclerotial blight and stalk break doubly can spray with 5% jinggangmeisu 2000, and control snout moth's larva can select higher effective and lower toxic pesticide: 5% Frontline 30 grams, and the 150-200 jin that adds water sprays;

(4) gather: water chestnut picking time can from the Frost's Descent to the 2nd year Spring Equinox, generally bleed off water in field in the previous day of gathering, because bulb mainly concentrates in the soil layer of 9-20 centimetre, first pull down upper strata 8-9 centimetre earth, then subsoil is clawed, carefully pinch out bulb with hand.

Empirical tests, use method damage by disease and insect incidence of the present invention lower than 1.7%, average annual per mu yield is than the water chestnut adopting former years conventional method to plant average annual per mu yield height 5-7.

Claims (1)

1. an implantation methods for water chestnut, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1) vernalization is transplanted: to wet straw 8-10 cm thick indoor paving, kind of a shepherd's purse bud is arranged on straw upward, stack 3-4 layer, the straw that covering was above soaked by bactericidal liquid, soak time is 30-40 minute, bactericidal liquid temperature is 40-50 DEG C, and described use bactericidal liquid is made up of the raw material mixing of following weight parts: chlorhexidine 1-2, natrium nitrosum 0.5-1, Triadimenol 2-3, leonurine 0.1-0.2, water 900-1000; Every day sooner or later trickle, as the long 1-2 centimetre of bud, the straw that removing upper strata covers, uses above-mentioned bactericidal liquid instead and spreads fertilizer over the fields, and keeps straw moistening, when cladodium grows tall 10-12 centimetre, and when having 3-4 sprouting of lateral bud, can move into seedling field; The field of transplanting needs deep ploughing and intensive cultivation, every mu is executed dung polluted water 2000-2500 jin, ash 200-250 jin, soil conditioner 40-50 jin makes base manure, and described soil conditioner is made up of the raw material of following weight parts: flyash 70-80, concentration are sulfuric acid 6-10, the ethyl maltol 1-2 of 80-85%, crab shell powder 4-6, quicklime 5-7, tripentaerythritol 2-3, sophorolipid 1-2, sodium metaaluminate 4-6; Flyash is placed in Muffle furnace, 1-2 hour is calcined at 600-700 DEG C, add above-mentioned sulfuric acid after taking out cooling, send in the water-bath of 80-90 DEG C after stirring, heating 100-120 minute, abrasive dust after discharging cooling, cross 80-200 mesh sieve, add sodium metaaluminate, mix and blend 8-10 minute at 100-110 DEG C, be cooled to normal temperature, obtain modified coal ash; Joined by quicklime in 5-10 times of water, add tripentaerythritol, modified coal ash after stirring, at 80-90 DEG C, heating is stirred to water and does, and adds each raw material of residue, stirs, dry, to obtain final product; Taking apart taking advantage of a situation with mother bulb and larger tillered nursery plant, carrying out a point cultivation, by line-spacing 1.5-2 chi, seedling planted by spacing in the rows 0.8-1 chi, plants the 3500-4000 root and stem of certain plants for every mu;

(2) field management: when shepherd's purse seedling appears bud mouth spray short flower king No. 3, in the strong base of fruit spirit of young fruit period spray, fills with shallow water 3 centimetres when planting, impels root of hair; Weed the fields when topdressing at every turn, first water is drained, then apply fertilizer, pour water to the original degree of depth again until fertile suction after in soil, enter plant the plant division stage of tillering, the depth of water often will keep 1.5-3 centimetre, as heat and drought condition, suitably adds deep water level;

(3) extermination of disease and insect pest: water chestnut main diseases and insect pests has stem rot, fusarium wilt, culm rot, banded sclerotial blight, snout moth's larva etc., the control of fusarium wilt, stem rot is continuous cropping to produce, and field takes interval 2-3 crop rotation; After disease symptom occurs, 70% mancozeb, triketone etc. can be selected to be used alternatingly, and banded sclerotial blight and stalk break doubly can spray with 5% jinggangmeisu 2000, and control snout moth's larva can select higher effective and lower toxic pesticide: 5% Frontline 30-35 gram, and the 150-200 jin that adds water sprays;

(4) gather: water chestnut picking time can from the Frost's Descent to the 2nd year Spring Equinox, generally bleed off water in field in the previous day of gathering, because bulb mainly concentrates in the soil layer of 9-20 centimetre, first pull down upper strata 8-9 centimetre earth, then subsoil is clawed, carefully pinch out bulb with hand.