CN104634746A - Time resolution Faraday rotation technology-improved experiment device and method - Google Patents
Time resolution Faraday rotation technology-improved experiment device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time resolution Faraday rotation technology-improved experiment device and method. The method comprises the following steps: a laser pulse sequentially passes through a reflecting mirror M1, a reflecting mirror M2 and a beam splitter and then is divided into two beams, one sequentially passes through a chopper, an optical delay line, a reflecting mirror M3, a reflecting mirror M4, a one quarter wave plate and a lens and then is focused on a sample, the other beam sequentially passes through a reflecting mirror M5, a reflecting mirror M6, a reflecting mirror M7 and a lens and is focused on the same point of the sample, and detection light penetrating through the sample sequentially passes through a reflecting mirror M8, a half wave plate and a wollaston prism and then is processed by a computer after respectively passing through a first detector and a first phase-locked amplifier as well as a second detector and a second phase-locked amplifier. The time resolution Faraday rotation technology-improved experiment device has the beneficial effects that experiment equipment and laboratory space can be saved, and the experiment cost can be lowered. In addition, acquired data can be free of noise due to instability of laser, and thus the signal-to-noise ratio can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the applied technical field of femtosecond laser technology in ultra-fast dynamics, particularly relate to a kind of time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision and method.
Background technology
In recent years, conventional electronics integrated level based on nuclear power improves greatly, size constantly reduces, quantum effect is more and more obvious, and seriously govern the development of conventional electronics, therefore people expect that utilizing electron spin characteristic to combine or substitute charge characteristic prepares electron device of new generation, and the research of electron spin characteristic has also just become forward position focus.The length in spin relaxation life-span and the magnitude relationship at Faraday rotation angle, to the performance of self-spining device, are designs and prepare the important parameter that self-spining device must consider.
The ultra-fast dynamics process developing into research material inside of ultrashort and ultrahigh laser technology provides strong means, and pumping Detection Techniques study the most frequently used method of carrier dynamics.Time resolution Faraday rotation technology and circular polarization pumping Detection Techniques are all based on pumping Detection Techniques, circularly polarized light excitation material is utilized to produce net spin, be the important experimental technique of research electron spin characteristic, the part Experiment device of two kinds of experimental techniques is identical, but principle is completely different.
Circular polarization pump-probe technique utilizes a branch of ultrashort circular polarization high power pulse (pumping light) excitation material, the corresponding excited state of material internal produces spinning polarized electron population, these electrons leave excited state by all means, thus excited state population is changed.Then go to detect this with the more weak ultrashort circular polarization (identical with pumping light or contrary rotation direction) pulse (detection light) of another bundle to change, can be back-calculated to obtain the information of excited state, the time delay utilizing optical delay line progressively to change detection light and pumping light just can obtain the whole process of excited state Temporal Evolution.By changing the direction of quarter wave plate optical axis in light path, realize the identical or contrary pumping light of sense of rotation and detection light, multiple scanning spectrum, namely completes circular polarization (σ in the same way
+σ
+) and opposite circular polarization (σ
+σ
-) pumping detecting light spectrum, the difference (σ of two curves
+σ
+-σ
+σ
-) information irrelevant with electron spin can be removed, represent spin relaxation process.
And Faraday rotation technology utilizes Faraday effect, when a branch of planar line polarized light is added with the medium in magnetic field through the direction of propagation along light, can observe light and turn over an angle through sample rear polarizer face, this phenomenon is called as Faraday effect.In fact, the magnetic field in Faraday effect can be externally-applied magnetic field, also can be the effective magnetic field that circularly polarized light produces.The principle of Faraday technology adopts strong circular polarization pumping illumination to penetrate material, according to optical orientation principle, material internal produces an effective magnetic field along the direction of propagation, this effective magnetic field makes the linear polarization of permeable material detection polarisation of light face deflect, the deflection angle of transmitted light plane of polarization is called Faraday angle, and as shown in Figure 2, taking out distance light is circularly polarized light, detection light is linearly polarized light, θ
frepresent faraday's rotation angle.
The experimental apparatus that two kinds of experimental techniques are used is slightly different, and Faraday rotation technology adopts linear polarization detection light, uses expensive balanced detector in detection system.In experimentation, may need often change a part of experimental apparatus and change experimental technique.Because optical instrument is more accurate, regulate more difficult, thus waste a lot of time and efforts.If build two cover systems both wasted experimental apparatus, take again the space in laboratory.
In addition, in common circular polarization pumping detecting light spectrum, manually change the quick shaft direction of quarter wave plate in light path, realize the conversion of circular polarization in the same way and opposite circular polarization pumping detecting light spectrum.Manual operation can not precise control of angular degree, can bring comparatively big error, thus accurately can not control circular polarization, cannot guarantee to be identical with circular polarization in reverse measuring process in the same way.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to solve the problems of the technologies described above, provide a kind of time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision and method, this device and method utilizes a set of experimental facilities to complete the surveying work at circular polarization pumping detecting light spectrum in the same way, opposite circular polarization pumping detecting light spectrum and time resolution Faraday rotation angle, obtains spin relaxation life-span and two, Faraday rotation angle parameter simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision, comprising: some catoptrons, beam splitter, optical delay line, chopper and controller, lock-in amplifier, detector, quarter wave plate, 1/2 wave plate, Wollaston prism and lens;
Laser pulse is divided into two bundles successively after mirror M 1, mirror M 2 and beam splitter, wherein a branch of as pumping light, focus on sample after chopper, optical delay line, mirror M 3, mirror M 4, quarter wave plate and lens successively, the pumping light through sample is blocked by obstructions or absorbs; A branch of as detection light in addition, focus in the same point of sample after mirror M 5, mirror M 6, mirror M 7 and lens successively, the detection light through sample processes respectively through entering computer after the first detector and the first lock-in amplifier, the second detector and the second lock-in amplifier successively after mirror M 8,1/2 wave plate, Wollaston prism.
The prism that described optical delay line comprises single shaft motorized precision translation stage and is fixed in the above, for changing the light path of pumping light, utilizing delay spatially to realize temporal delay, thus realizing time resolution.
Described first detector and the second detector are complete same detector; If detect only visible ray, then select Si detector; If detect only infrared light, then select InGaAs detector.
Described laser pulse is divided into two bundles successively after mirror M 1, mirror M 2 and beam splitter, a branch of for pumping light wherein through optical delay line, strong circular polarization pumping optical excitation spin polarization; Ray Of Light intensity is weaker than the pulse of pumping light as detection light in addition, detects the material character change that pumping light causes.
Chopper is set between described optical delay line and controller, for restraint speckle.
A method of work for time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision, comprising:
(1) the linear polarization detection light that the linear polarization pulse laser that pulsed laser exports is divided into light intensity more weak after beam splitter and the stronger pumping light of light intensity, pumping light becomes circularly polarized light after chopper, optical delay line and quarter wave plate;
(2) by changing the light path of pumping light, pumping light being later than respectively, arriving sample simultaneously and early than linear polarization detection light;
(3) circularly polarized light is sponged by light absorber or falls with diaphragm gear after sample; The angle of the linear polarization detection polarisation of light direction of transmission and the fast axle of 1/2 wave plate is 45 °, is divided into orthogonal s, p polarized component through Wollaston prism;
(4) when pumping light and detection light is relative postpone different time, through the intensity of detection light different, and these differences just reflect is the relaxation process of the population of excited state;
(5) input by the lock-in amplifier of conputer controlled by the detection light of sample respectively through after two detectors, the change of detection light intensity can read from computer; Two groups of data of receive two detectors are done difference process, obtain the Faraday rotation angle of linear polarization detection light.
When in described step (2), pumping light is later than linear polarization detection light arrival sample:
When detecting the light path of light from beam splitter to sample and being less than the light path of pumping photophase, the detecting optical pulses that same laser pulse is divided into will arrive sample early than pumping light pulse, material has the Weak Absorption of ground state to more weak detection light, is determined by the absorption cross section of material ground state and the population of ground state by the light intensity of sample.
When in described step (2), pumping light equals linear polarization detection light arrival sample:
By optical delay line, pumping light is done to the delay of setting-up time, namely the light path of pumping light is changed, when the light path of pumping light equals the light path detecting light, detecting optical pulses and pumping light pulse will arrive sample simultaneously, after absorption of sample heavy pumping light, the electronics being wherein partly in ground state is pumped into excited state, excited state is made to have particle's occupancy, the particle being in ground state and excited state all absorbing detection light pulse can form transition, is jointly determined by the absorption cross section of ground state and excited state and population by the light intensity of the detection light after sample.
When in described step (2), pumping light arrives sample early than linear polarization detection light:
Change the light path of pumping light, it is made to arrive sample early than detection light, arrive in the mistiming of sample at pumping light and detection light, relaxed towards other state by pumping optical excitation to the some particles of excited state, jointly determined by ground state, excited state and the absorption cross section of other states relaxed towards and population by the intensity of the detection light after sample.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention utilizes a set of experimental facilities to complete the surveying work at circular polarization pumping detecting light spectrum in the same way, opposite circular polarization pumping detecting light spectrum and time resolution Faraday rotation angle, obtains spin relaxation life-span and two, Faraday rotation angle parameter simultaneously.Point to be orthogonal after 1/2 wave plate and Wollaston prism through the linearly polarized light of sample s polarization and p polarized component, two components enter respectively two complete with photodetectors, signal is directly read by computer after lock-in amplifier amplifies.This experimental provision has saved experimental facilities and lab space, reduces experimental cost.The more important thing is that image data can remove the noise brought because laser is unstable simultaneously, substantially increases signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
The present invention is unlike traditional round polarization pumping detecting light spectrum, the measurement of circular polarization in the same way and opposite circular polarization pumping detecting light spectrum is realized by rotating quarter wave plate, measure in the application's device simultaneously in the same way with reverse pumping detecting light spectrum, guarantee it is same circular polarization, ensure that Left-hand circular polarization is accurately identical with the degree of polarization of right-hand circular polarization, accuracy improves greatly; Simple to operate, do not need often to change some optical components, only need to change sample; Gather three groups of data simultaneously, namely saved experimental period, removed experimental error again, guarantee it is identical experiment condition; The laser power caused due to factors such as voltage instabilities in experimentation is unstable and bring larger noise, and the application's device can image data simultaneously, eliminates the noise that laser instrument instability is brought, greatly improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision structural representation;
Fig. 2 is Faraday rotation technical schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the basic principle schematic of pumping detection operations.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision as shown in Figure 1, comprising: some catoptrons, beam splitter, optical delay line, chopper and controller, 2 lock-in amplifiers, 2 detectors, quarter wave plate, 1/2 wave plate, Wollaston prism and lens; Laser pulse is divided into two bundles successively after mirror M 1, mirror M 2 and beam splitter, wherein a branch of stronger pulse is as pumping light, focus on sample after chopper, optical delay line, mirror M 3, mirror M 4, quarter wave plate and lens successively, the pumping light through sample is blocked by obstructions or absorbs; A branch of more weak conduct detection light in addition, focus in the same point of sample after mirror M 5, mirror M 6, mirror M 7 and lens successively, through sample detection light successively after mirror M 8,1/2 wave plate, Wollaston prism respectively through the first detector, the first lock-in amplifier and the second detector, the second lock-in amplifier after enter computer and process.
In Fig. 1, M1-M8 is normal mirror; 2 bundles that pulse laser is divided into intensity different by beam splitter, stronger is a branch of as pumping light, strong circular polarization pumping optical excitation sample, produces spin polarization, the relaxation process of the detection photodetection spin polarization that another bundle is more weak; Optical delay line is made up of single shaft motorized precision translation stage and the prism be fixed in the above, and its effect is the light path changing pumping light, utilizes delay spatially to realize temporal delay, thus realizes time resolution; Chopper and lock-in amplifier can restraint speckle, realize the amplification of feeble signal; Linearly polarized light can be converted to circularly polarized light by quarter wave plate; Wollaston prism is divided into s, p two kinds of compositions, the linearly polarized light that p light representations direction of vibration is parallel with the plane of incidence, the linearly polarized light that s light representations direction of vibration is vertical with the plane of incidence detection light.First detector and the second detector are complete same detectors, if detect only visible ray Si detector, if infrared light, then use InGaAs detector.
The linear polarization pulse laser that pulsed laser exports is divided into more weak detection light and stronger pumping light after beam splitter, pumping light becomes circularly polarized light after chopper, optical delay line and quarter wave plate (be 45 ° with the angle of the polarization direction of linearly polarized light), detect light with linear polarization to focus in the same point of sample, heavy pumping light is sponged (or falling with diaphragm gear) by light absorber after sample simultaneously.The detection light of transmission is divided into orthogonal s, p polarized component through 1/2 wave plate (be 45 ° with the angle of the polarization direction of linearly polarized light) and Wollaston prism.
When there is no pumping light, orthogonal s, p polarized component is divided into through 1/2 wave plate (be 45 ° with the angle of the polarization direction of linearly polarized light) and the detection light of Wollaston prism, and the intensity of the two is identical, the signal that two detectors detect is identical, their difference is 0, and now light path is in equilibrium state.When there is strong circular polarization pumping light, there is spin polarization in material internal, produce the effective magnetic field along optical propagation direction, cause linear polarization to detect polarisation of light face to deflect, being no longer 45 ° with the angle of the fast axle of 1/2 wave plate, finally making by the s component of Wollaston prism no longer equal with p component, show respectively from spinning up and the relaxation process of the downward electronics that spins, be equivalent in the same way, opposite circular polarization pumping detecting light spectrum, their difference is Faraday rotation angle just.Therefore this experimental provision once gathers the collection result that just can complete original 3 times, has greatly saved experimental period.
The course of work of this experimental provision is as shown in Figure 3:
When detecting the light path of light from beam splitter to sample and being less than the light path of pumping photophase, the detecting optical pulses that same laser pulse is divided into will arrive sample early than pumping light pulse.Now, material can have certain absorption to more weak detection light.This absorption belongs to the absorption of ground state, relevant with the absorption cross section of material ground state and population, therefore depends on the absorption cross section of ground state and the population of ground state by the light intensity of sample.By optical delay line, certain delay is done in time to pumping light, namely change the light path of pumping light, when the light path of pumping light equals the light path detecting light, detecting optical pulses and pumping light pulse will arrive sample simultaneously, after absorption of sample heavy pumping light, the electronics that part is in ground state is pumped into excited state, excited state is made to have particle's occupancy, so, the particle being in ground state and excited state all absorbing detection light pulse can form transition, the detection absorption of light and the absorption cross section of ground state, the population of the absorption cross section of excited state and these two states is all relevant, just jointly determined by the absorption cross section of ground state and excited state and population by the light intensity of the detection light after sample.Continue the light path changing pumping light, make it arrive sample early than detection light, after elapsed time Δ t (difference of pumping light and detection light light path is divided by the light velocity), detection light arrives sample.In time Δ t, by the particle a part of state that relaxed towards other of pumping optical excitation to excited state, therefore, ground state, excited state and the state that relaxes towards all can have absorption more or less to detection light, so, all relevant with absorption cross section by the population of the intensity He these states that detect light after sample.Like this, when pumping light and detection light is relative postpone different time, through the intensity of detection light different, and these differences just reflect is the relaxation process of the population of excited state.Finally, input by the lock-in amplifier of conputer controlled by the detection light of sample, the change of detection light intensity can directly read from computer.
The experimental provision of the application can complete the measurement of circular polarization in the same way, opposite circular polarization pumping detecting light spectrum and Faraday rotation angle three groups of data simultaneously.Circular polarization pumping Detection Techniques are divided into again circular polarization in the same way and opposite circular polarization pumping Detection Techniques, circular polarization refers to pumping light and the circularly polarized light detecting the identical rotation direction of gloss (be left-handed or be dextrorotation) in the same way, and opposite circular polarization pumping detection refers to that pumping light is different with the sense of rotation of detection light.In former experimental provision, circular polarization and opposite circular polarization pumping detecting light spectrum divide 2 measurements in the same way, obtain 2 groups of data, and matching 2 groups of data can obtain the spin relaxation life-span.And the Faraday rotation technology improved directly is recorded the data of 2 detectors by computer, obtained the difference of 2 groups of data simultaneously by program computation, namely can obtain time resolution Faraday rotation angle, so three groups of data can be obtained simultaneously.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision, it is characterized in that, comprising: some catoptrons, beam splitter, optical delay line, chopper and controller, lock-in amplifier, detector, quarter wave plate, 1/2 wave plate, Wollaston prism and lens;
Laser pulse is divided into two bundles successively after mirror M 1, mirror M 2 and beam splitter, wherein a branch of as pumping light, focus on sample after chopper, optical delay line, mirror M 3, mirror M 4, quarter wave plate and lens successively, the pumping light through sample is blocked by obstructions or absorbs; A branch of as detection light in addition, focus in the same point of sample after mirror M 5, mirror M 6, mirror M 7 and lens successively, the detection light through sample processes respectively through entering computer after the first detector and the first lock-in amplifier, the second detector and the second lock-in amplifier successively after mirror M 8,1/2 wave plate, Wollaston prism.
2. a kind of time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the prism that described optical delay line comprises single shaft motorized precision translation stage and is fixed in the above, for changing the light path of pumping light, utilize delay spatially to realize temporal delay, thus realize time resolution.
3. a kind of time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first detector and the second detector are complete same detector; If detect only visible ray, then select Si detector; If detect only infrared light, then select InGaAs detector.
4. a kind of time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described laser pulse is divided into two bundles successively after mirror M 1, mirror M 2 and beam splitter, a branch of for pumping light wherein through optical delay line, strong circular polarization pumping optical excitation spin polarization; Ray Of Light intensity is weaker than the pulse of pumping light as detection light in addition, detects the material character change that pumping light causes.
5. a kind of time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, arrange chopper, for restraint speckle between described optical delay line and controller.
6. a method of work for time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) the linear polarization detection light that the linear polarization pulse laser that pulsed laser exports is divided into light intensity more weak after beam splitter and the stronger pumping light of light intensity, pumping light becomes circularly polarized light after chopper, optical delay line and quarter wave plate;
(2) by changing the light path of pumping light, pumping light being later than respectively, arriving sample simultaneously and early than linear polarization detection light; Change the mistiming of pumping light and detection light arrival sample, the light intensity through the detection light of sample also progressively changes, and finally realizes time resolution;
(3) circularly polarized light is sponged by light absorber or falls with diaphragm gear after sample; The angle of the linear polarization detection polarisation of light direction of transmission and the fast axle of 1/2 wave plate is 45 °, is divided into orthogonal s, p polarized component through Wollaston prism;
(4) when pumping light and detection light is relative postpone different time, through the intensity of detection light different, and these differences just reflect is the relaxation process of the population of excited state;
(5) input by the lock-in amplifier of conputer controlled by the detection light of sample respectively through after two detectors, the change of detection light intensity can read from computer; Two groups of data of receive two detectors are done difference process, obtain the Faraday rotation angle of linear polarization detection light.
7. the method for work of a kind of time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, when in described step (2), pumping light is later than linear polarization detection light arrival sample:
When detecting the light path of light from beam splitter to sample and being less than the light path of pumping photophase, the detecting optical pulses that same laser pulse is divided into will arrive sample early than pumping light pulse, material has the Weak Absorption of ground state to more weak detection light, is determined by the absorption cross section of material ground state and the population of ground state by the light intensity of sample.
8. the method for work of a kind of time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, when in described step (2), pumping light equals linear polarization detection light arrival sample:
By optical delay line, pumping light is done to the delay of setting-up time, namely the light path of pumping light is changed, when the light path of pumping light equals the light path detecting light, detecting optical pulses and pumping light pulse will arrive sample simultaneously, after absorption of sample heavy pumping light, the electronics being wherein partly in ground state is pumped into excited state, excited state is made to have particle's occupancy, the particle being in ground state and excited state all absorbing detection light pulse can form transition, is jointly determined by the absorption cross section of ground state and excited state and population by the light intensity of the detection light after sample.
9. the method for work of a kind of time resolution Faraday rotation technological improvement experimental provision as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, when in described step (2), pumping light arrives sample early than linear polarization detection light:
Change the light path of pumping light, it is made to arrive sample early than detection light, arrive in the mistiming of sample at pumping light and detection light, relaxed towards other state by pumping optical excitation to the some particles of excited state, jointly determined by ground state, excited state and the absorption cross section of other states relaxed towards and population by the intensity of the detection light after sample.
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| CN105043997A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-11-11 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Two-polarization synchronizing detection system in ultrafast transient absorption anisotropy detection |
| CN105548722A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-04 | 华东师范大学 | Measuring system of ferromagnetic material terahertz dielectric constant |
| CN105892047A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-08-24 | 北京长城牡丹模具制造有限公司 | Series rotating mirror device for producing optical delay lines |
| CN110132853A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学技术大学 | Rotatory dispersive measuring system and method based on pixel polarization camera |
| CN111279179A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-06-12 | 柏林洪堡大学 | Photoacoustic sensor head and photoacoustic measuring instrument with improved interference signal suppression |
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| CN105043997A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-11-11 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Two-polarization synchronizing detection system in ultrafast transient absorption anisotropy detection |
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| CN105548722A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-04 | 华东师范大学 | Measuring system of ferromagnetic material terahertz dielectric constant |
| CN105548722B (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2018-06-22 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of measuring system of ferromagnetic material Terahertz dielectric constant |
| CN105892047A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-08-24 | 北京长城牡丹模具制造有限公司 | Series rotating mirror device for producing optical delay lines |
| CN111279179A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-06-12 | 柏林洪堡大学 | Photoacoustic sensor head and photoacoustic measuring instrument with improved interference signal suppression |
| CN110132853A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学技术大学 | Rotatory dispersive measuring system and method based on pixel polarization camera |
| CN110132853B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2020-06-26 | 中国科学技术大学 | Optical rotation dispersion measurement system and method based on pixel polarization camera |
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Application publication date: 20150520 |