CN104628408B - MAX phase ceramic material welding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an MAX phase ceramic material welding method. In the provided welding method, the ends of two MAX phase ceramic materials to be welded are respectively connected to an upper electrode and a lower electrode, the welding surfaces are processed and then contacted with each other, then the ceramic materials, electrodes, and a power supply form a closed loop, joule heat is generated by the current on the touch surfaces, the temperature of the touch surface is rapidly raised, thus the MAX phase ceramic material of the touch surface is activated and diffused, and the welding is achieved. In the conventional welding method, a middle transition layer is used, and the middle transition layer is diffused at a high temperature under the combined actions of temperature-pressure-temperature maintaining so as to achieve the welding. Compared with the conventional welding method, the provided welding method has the following advantages: (1) the method is simple and practical; (2) a middle transition layer is not needed; (3) the welding period is short; (4) no welding silt or interface on the surface of welded material, and the ceramic materials are perfectly integrated together; (5) the welding method has a very good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to MAX multiphase ceramics material technical field, particularly relate to the welding method of a kind of MAX multiphase ceramics material.
Background technology
MAX multiphase ceramics material has mechanics, resistance to oxidation, irradiation corrosion-resistant, resistance to and the processability of excellence, becomes future
One of candidate material of nuclear material.At present, MAX phase block body ceramic material mainly uses the method without pressure or hot pressed sintering to prepare,
But burner hearth and die size are limited in actual fabrication process, therefore, it is difficult to directly prepare the MAX phase of large scale, complicated shape
Ceramic material.By material interconnection technique, some small pieces of material will weld the large complicated Shape Parts needed for being formed, then can
Enough promote the application of this material.
At present, less about the research in terms of MAX multiphase ceramics material welding, generally use mesophase transition, utilize high temperature
The method of diffusion is welded.Such as, Yin et al. is at document J.Mater.Sci, and in 2007,42,7081, report uses magnetic control to spatter
Penetrate at Ti3AlC2Material surface sputtering Si layer, then will have the Ti of sputtering layer3AlC2Material and the Ti without sputtering layer3AlC2Material
Opposed, under 1400 DEG C of high temperature, 5MPa pressure, it is incubated 120min, realizes connecting without interface by high temperature counterdiffusion.It addition, they
Also at document J.Euro.Ceram.Soc., the method that in 2007,27,3539, report uses instant liquid-phase diffusion welding (TLP),
Two pieces of Ti3SiC2One layer of aluminium foil placed by storeroom, is incubated 120min, it is achieved weld without interface under 1500 DEG C of high temperature, 5MPa pressure
Connect.Li et al., at document J.Euro.Ceram.Soc., reports in 2009,29,2619 that introducing a small amount of oxygen in an inert atmosphere divides
Pressure, makes two pieces Ti3AlC2The contact surface of material is oxidized, thus introduces one layer of densification, continuous print Al2O3Layer realizes mutually
Welding, the method needs to be incubated 120min under 1400 DEG C of high temperature.Yin etc. at document Mater.Res.Bull., 2009,44,
Report in 1379 and weld Ti by the method for high temperature counterdiffusion3AlC2And Ti3SiC2Material, the method need 1200 DEG C of high temperature,
2h it is incubated under 20MPa pressure.
But, in actual applications, said method needs intermediate layer, makes welding procedure complicate further；Further,
Need temperature and pressure-temperature retention time three jointly to act on and could realize, thus require that equipment can provide high temperature and pressure simultaneously
Power is higher to equipment requirements；In addition, it is necessary to the insulation long period, cause cost increase, efficiency to reduce, be not therefore suitable for big
The welding of type MAX phase ceramics workpiece and welding operation on the spot.
Summary of the invention
The technical purpose of the present invention is to provide the new method of a kind of MAX multiphase ceramics material welding.
The present inventor provides one after great many of experiments and realizes above-mentioned purpose technical scheme: a kind of MAX phase ceramics material
The welding method of material, as it is shown in figure 1, after two pieces MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded is carried out surface process, respectively with upper electrode
It is connected with bottom electrode, then makes two intimate surface contact after process, switch on power, form closed-loop path, in the effect of electric current
Lower contact position produces Joule heat and is brought rapidly up, and makes the MAX multiphase ceramics material of contact position activate and counterdiffusion, thus realizes weldering
Connect.
Described upper electrode does not limits with the material of bottom electrode.In order to strengthen welding effect, as preferably, by described
Upper and lower electrode material applies pressure to two pieces MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded, and when making welding, material to be welded is in contact
Position is adjoint plastic deformation while there is counterdiffusion, to strengthen welding effect.
Described MAX multiphase ceramics material is a kind of lamellar compound ceramic material, and wherein M is transition metal, and A is main
Race's element, X is two kinds of elements of C and N, includes but not limited to Ti3SiC2、Ti3AlC2、Ti2AlC、Ti2AlN、Ti4AlN3、Ti2SC、
Ti3GeC2、V2AlC、Cr2AlC、Nb4GeC3、Zr3Al3C5、Zr2Al4C5One or several combination in Deng, or these materials
The composite that material is constituted with compound phase.Described compound phase does not limits, and can be SiC, ZrB2、TiC、Ni、Al2O3, in W etc.
One or more combination.
Described compound phase pattern does not limits, can be in powder granule, long fibre, chopped strand etc. one or both with
On combination.
Described contact includes that point cantact contacts with face.
The shape of described MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded does not limits, and can be block, ring-type and various shaped pieces etc..
Described upper and lower electrode material does not limits, and includes but not limited to metal material or graphite material etc..
The shape of described upper and lower electrode does not limits, depending on the shape of MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded, and Ke Yiwei
Bulk, lamellar, ring-type or other are irregularly shaped etc..
Described surface process refer to carry out MAX multiphase ceramics material surface to be welded to polish, polish, cleaning etc.
Reason, to remove surface impurity and pollutant.
In described welding process, in MAX multiphase ceramics material, contact surface is owing to having bigger contact resistance, at electric current
It is brought rapidly up under effect realizing welding, and the variations in temperature of material remainder is relatively small.
Described current forms does not limits, and can be pulse current, direct current or exchange.Described current intensity is by be welded
Material and contact surface shape determine, it is generally preferable to more than 500A, further preferably greater than 1000A.
Described weld interval is determined, typically within 1-60min, more preferably by current intensity and welding effect
0-30min。
In sum, the invention provides the welding new method of a kind of MAX multiphase ceramics material, the method is to be welded two
Part MAX multiphase ceramics material end connects upper and lower electrode respectively, and surface to be welded contacts after treatment, then by power supply, is formed
Closed-loop path, contact surface produces Joule heat under the effect of electric current and is brought rapidly up, and makes the MAX multiphase ceramics material of contact surface activate also
Counterdiffusion, thus realize welding.With existing employing intermediate layer, under temperature and pressure-insulation jointly effect, make transition zone
High temperature diffusion realizes the method for welding and compares, and present invention have the advantage that
(1) simple, it is not necessary to intermediate layer, the simple diffusion relying on MAX multiphase ceramics material completes welding；
(2) welding interval is short, when the welding method of the intermediate layer High temperature diffusion used at present needs longer insulation
Between, generally 1-2h, the present invention can realize the welding of material in the short period of time, be typically only 1-60min.
(3) without complicated welding equipment, the welding method of the intermediate layer High temperature diffusion used at present is typically at height
Carrying out in temperature stove, the present invention only need to apply electric current to material contacting surface two ends, therefore can weld on the spot, has height
Motility；
(4) use the method for the present invention that MAX multiphase ceramics material carries out material surface no-welding-seam, unbounded after solder flux process
Face, intactly it is connected to form one, thus effectively enhances the material bending strength after welding so that it is bending strength can keep
To the front material bending strength of welding more than 80%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the welding method schematic diagram of MAX multiphase ceramics material of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is Ti in the embodiment of the present invention 13SiC2Material interface cross section optical photograph after weld formation；
Fig. 3 is Ti in the embodiment of the present invention 13SiC2Material interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo after weld formation；
Fig. 4 is welded sample interface cross-sectional scans Electronic Speculum (SEM) photo in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 5 is welded sample interface cross-sectional scans Electronic Speculum (SEM) photo in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should be pointed out that the following stated is implemented
Example is intended to be easy to the understanding of the present invention, and it does not play any restriction effect.
Reference in Fig. 1 is: 1, first MAX multiphase ceramics material；2, second MAX multiphase ceramics material；3, power on
Pole；4, bottom electrode；5, power supply.
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti3SiC2Block
Material, to two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material welds, and concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) by two pieces of Ti3SiC2Do with acetone and deionized water wash after the surface to be welded polishing of material 1 and 2, polishing
Only；
(2) as it is shown in figure 1, by these two pieces of Ti3SiC2The surface in alignment to be welded of material contacts, two pieces of Ti3SiC2
Material is connected with electrode on graphite 3 and graphite bottom electrode 4 respectively, 3, two pieces of Ti of electrode on power supply 5, graphite3SiC2Material 1 and 2
And graphite bottom electrode 4 constitutes closed-loop path；
(3) by graphite electrode 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti3SiC2The pressure of 13MPa is applied on material 1 and 2；
(4) whole system is applied electric current, Ti3SiC2The contact surface of material 1 and 2 produces Joule heat under the effect of electric current
It is brought rapidly up, makes the Ti of contact surface3SiC2Material activation counterdiffusion, after current intensity is loaded onto 2.2KA, stop loading electricity
Stream；
(5) Ti is treated3SiC2Material 1 and 2 takes out after being cooled to room temperature, and whole welding process completes.
The time of above-mentioned welding process is only 6min.Fig. 2 is above-mentioned Ti3SiC2Material interface cross section light after weld formation
Learning photo, Fig. 3 is this Ti3SiC2Material interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo after weld formation.Can from Fig. 2 Yu Fig. 3
To find out, these two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material is connected in one, and seam no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 2:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti3SiC2Block material
Material, to two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material welds, and concrete grammar is essentially identical with described in embodiment 1, except that: in step
(3) in, by graphite electrode 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti3SiC2The pressure of 1MPa is applied on material 1 and 2；In step (4), electric current is strong
Degree stops loading current after being loaded onto 2.2KA；The time of welding process is 7min.
Fig. 4 is this Ti3SiC2Material interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo after weld formation.Can from figure
Go out, these two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material is connected in one, and seam no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 3:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti3SiC2Block material
Material, to two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material welds, and concrete grammar is essentially identical with described in embodiment 1, except that: in step
(3) in, by graphite electrode 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti3SiC2The pressure of 5MPa is applied on material 1 and 2；In step (4), electric current is strong
Degree stops loading current after being loaded onto 2.5KA；The time of welding process is 6min.
Fig. 5 is this Ti3SiC2Material interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo after weld formation.Can from figure
Go out, these two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material is connected in one, and seam no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 4:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti3SiC2Block material
Material, to two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material welds, and concrete grammar is essentially identical with described in embodiment 1, except that: in step
(3) in, by graphite electrode 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti3SiC2The pressure of 13MPa is applied on material 1 and 2；In step (4), electric current
Intensity stops loading current after being loaded onto 3.5KA；The time of welding process is 3min.
This Ti3SiC2Material interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo after weld formation is similar to Figure 3.Can from figure
To find out, these two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material is connected in one, and seam no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 5:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti3AlC2Block material
Material, to two pieces of Ti3AlC2Material welds, and concrete grammar is essentially identical with described in embodiment 1, except that use two pieces
Ti3AlC2Material replaces two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material.
This Ti3AlC2Material interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo after weld formation is similar to Figure 3.Can from figure
To find out, these two pieces of Ti3AlC2Material is connected in one, and seam no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 6:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti3AlC2Block material
Material, to two pieces of Ti3AlC2Material welds, and concrete grammar is essentially identical with described in embodiment 5, except that: in step
(3) in, by graphite electrode 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti3AlC2The pressure of 5MPa is applied on material 1 and 2；In step (4), electric current is strong
Degree stops loading current after being loaded onto 2.5KA；The time of welding process is 6min.
This Ti3AlC2Material interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo after weld formation is similar to Figure 3.Can from figure
To find out, these two pieces of Ti3AlC2Material is connected in one, and seam no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 7:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 is Ti3SiC2Block materials, second MAX multiphase ceramics material
2 is Ti3AlC2Block materials, welds this two pieces material, and concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) by Ti3SiC2Material 1 and Ti3AlC2With acetone and deionized water after the surface to be welded polishing of material 2, polishing
Washes clean；
(2) as it is shown in figure 1, the surface in alignment to be welded of this two block of material is contacted, Ti3SiC2Material 1 and graphite
Upper electrode 3 is connected, Ti3AlC2Material 2 is connected with graphite bottom electrode 4, electrode 3, Ti on power supply 5, graphite3SiC2Material 1 with
Ti3AlC2Material 2 and graphite bottom electrode 4 constitute closed-loop path；
(3) by graphite electrode 3 and 4 at Ti3SiC2Material 1 and Ti3AlC2The pressure of 13MPa is applied on material 2；
(4) whole system is applied electric current, Ti3SiC2Material 1 and Ti3AlC2The contact surface of material 2 is under the effect of electric current
Generation Joule heat is brought rapidly up, and makes the Ti of contact surface3SiC2Material and Ti3AlC2Material activation counterdiffusion, when current intensity adds
After being loaded onto 2.2KA, stop loading current；
(5) Ti is treated3SiC2Material 1 and Ti3AlC2Material 2 takes out after being cooled to room temperature, and whole welding process completes, the time
It is only 6min.
This Ti3SiC2Material and Ti3AlC2Material interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo after weld formation is similar to Fig. 3
Shown in.It can be seen that this two block of material is connected in one, seam no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 8:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 is Ti3SiC2Block materials, second MAX multiphase ceramics material
2 is Ti3AlC2Block materials, welds this two pieces material, and concrete grammar is essentially identical with described in embodiment 7, different
It is: in step (3), by graphite electrode 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti3AlC2The pressure of 0MPa is applied on material 1 and 2；In step (4)
In, current intensity stops loading current after being loaded onto 3.2KA；The time of welding process is 3min.
This Ti3SiC2Material and Ti3AlC2Material interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo after weld formation is similar to Fig. 3
Shown in.It can be seen that this two block of material is connected in one, seam no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 9:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti3SiC2Block material
Material, to two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material welds, and concrete grammar is essentially identical with described in embodiment 1, except that: use copper to make
For electrode material, in step (2), by copper electrode 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material 1 is connected with 2 and constitutes closed-loop path.
In step (3), by copper electrode 1 and 2 to two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material 1 and 2 applies pressure.
This Ti3SiC2Material interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo after weld formation is similar to Figure 3.Can see
Go out, these two pieces of Ti3SiC2Material is connected in one, and seam no-welding-seam, without interface.
Technical scheme and products characteristics have been described in detail by embodiment described above, it should be understood that
The foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, all done in the spirit of the present invention
Any amendment and improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a no-welding-seam welding method for MAX multiphase ceramics material, is characterized in that: by two pieces MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded
Carry out surface process to remove surface impurity and pollutant after, be connected with bottom electrode with upper electrode respectively, after then making process
Two intimate surface contact, switch on power, and form closed-loop path, and under the effect of electric current, contact position generation Joule heat rises rapidly
Temperature, makes the MAX multiphase ceramics material of contact position activate and counterdiffusion, thus realizes welding.
The no-welding-seam welding method of MAX multiphase ceramics material the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: by upper and lower electrode
Two pieces MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded is applied pressure, and when making welding, material to be welded is in contact position generation counterdiffusion
Simultaneously with plastic deformation.
The no-welding-seam welding method of MAX multiphase ceramics material the most according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described MAX
Multiphase ceramics material is Ti3SiC2、Ti3AlC2、Ti2AlC、Ti2AlN、Ti4AlN3、Ti2SC、Ti3GeC2、V2AlC、Cr2AlC、
Nb4GeC3、Zr3Al3C5、Zr2Al4C5In one or several combination, or Ti3SiC2、Ti3AlC2、Ti2AlC、
Ti2AlN、Ti4AlN3、Ti2SC、Ti3GeC2、V2AlC、Cr2AlC、Nb4GeC3、Zr3Al3C5、Zr2Al4C5In one with compound
The composite constituted mutually.
The no-welding-seam welding method of MAX multiphase ceramics material the most according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described compound phase
It is SiC, ZrB2、TiC、Al2O3, one or more combination in W.
The no-welding-seam welding method of MAX multiphase ceramics material the most according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described compound phase
Pattern is one or more the combination in powder granule, long fibre, chopped strand.
The no-welding-seam welding method of MAX multiphase ceramics material the most according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described contact
It is point cantact or face contact.
The no-welding-seam welding method of MAX multiphase ceramics material the most according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described upper,
Lower electrode material is metal material or graphite material.
The no-welding-seam welding method of MAX multiphase ceramics material the most according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described is to be welded
The MAX multiphase ceramics material connect is block MAX multiphase ceramics material, ring-type MAX multiphase ceramics material or the abnormity of MAX multiphase ceramics material
Part.
The no-welding-seam welding method of MAX multiphase ceramics material the most according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described electric current
Form is pulse current, direct current or exchange.
The no-welding-seam welding method of MAX multiphase ceramics material the most according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described upper,
Bottom electrode is respectively block, lamellar or ring-type.
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| CN110723979A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-24 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | MAX phase ceramic connection method |
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| CN105364284B (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-08-08 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of zirconium oxide or the low temperature fast welding method for aoxidizing zirconium based composite material |
| CN108558428B (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2021-05-04 | 合肥工业大学 | Composite intermediate layer for diffusion bonding of silicon carbide ceramic and bonding process thereof |
| CN109060160B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2021-01-08 | 泗阳君子兰激光科技发展有限公司 | High pressure resistant temperature sensor |
| CN109053206B (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2021-07-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Short fiber reinforced oriented MAX phase ceramic matrix composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109202314B (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-10-16 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Electric arc thermal diffusion composite welding method for MAX-based ceramic material |
| CN112975185B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-01-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device for electric field auxiliary ceramic quick connection |
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| CN103044058A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-04-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Diffusion connection method of carbide ceramic |
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| JP4224109B2 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2009-02-12 | コーア株式会社 | Laminated body and method for producing the same |
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| CN101200016A (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2008-06-18 | 北京交通大学 | Electrical arc welding method of Ti3C2/Cu-Al cermets material |
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| CN110723979A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-24 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | MAX phase ceramic connection method |
| CN110723979B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2022-02-08 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | MAX phase ceramic connection method |
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