CN104628408A - MAX phase ceramic material welding method - Google Patents
MAX phase ceramic material welding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an MAX phase ceramic material welding method. In the provided welding method, the ends of two MAX phase ceramic materials to be welded are respectively connected to an upper electrode and a lower electrode, the welding surfaces are processed and then contacted with each other, then the ceramic materials, electrodes, and a power supply form a closed loop, joule heat is generated by the current on the touch surfaces, the temperature of the touch surface is rapidly raised, thus the MAX phase ceramic material of the touch surface is activated and diffused, and the welding is achieved. In the conventional welding method, a middle transition layer is used, and the middle transition layer is diffused at a high temperature under the combined actions of temperature-pressure-temperature maintaining so as to achieve the welding. Compared with the conventional welding method, the provided welding method has the following advantages: (1) the method is simple and practical; (2) a middle transition layer is not needed; (3) the welding period is short; (4) no welding silt or interface on the surface of welded material, and the ceramic materials are perfectly integrated together; (5) the welding method has a very good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to MAX multiphase ceramics material technical field, particularly relate to a kind of welding process of MAX multiphase ceramics material.
Background technology
MAX multiphase ceramics material has excellent mechanics, resistance to oxidation, corrosion-resistant, resistance to irradiation and processability, becomes one of candidate material of following nuclear matter.At present, MAX phase block body ceramic material mainly adopts the method preparation of with no pressure or hot pressed sintering, but in actual fabrication process burner hearth and die size limited, be therefore difficult to the MAX multiphase ceramics material directly preparing large size, complicated shape.By material interconnect technology, the large complicated Shape Parts needed for being formed by some small pieces of material welding, then can promote the application of this material.
At present, about the research of MAX multiphase ceramics material welding aspect is less, usually adopt mesophase spherule transition, utilize the method for High temperature diffusion to weld.Such as, the people such as Yin at document J.Mater.Sci, 2007,42, in 7081 report adopt magnetron sputtering at Ti
3alC
2material surface sputtering Si layer, then will have the Ti of sputtering layer
3alC
2material and the Ti without sputtering layer
3alC
2material is opposed, under 1400 DEG C of high temperature, 5MPa pressure, be incubated 120min, realizes connecting without interface by high temperature mutual diffusion.In addition, they are also at document J.Euro.Ceram.Soc., and 2007,27, in 3539, report adopts the method for instant liquid-phase diffusion welding (TLP), at two pieces of Ti
3siC
2one deck aluminium foil placed by storeroom, under 1500 DEG C of high temperature, 5MPa pressure, be incubated 120min, realizes without interfacial weld.The people such as Li at document J.Euro.Ceram.Soc., 2009,29, report in 2619 and introduce a small amount of oxygen partial pressure in an inert atmosphere, make two pieces Ti
3alC
2the surface in contact of material is oxidized, thus introduces one deck densification, continuous print Al
2o
3layer realizes being welded to each other, and the method needs to be incubated 120min under 1400 DEG C of high temperature.Yin etc. at document Mater.Res.Bull., 2009,44, report in 1379 by the method for high temperature mutual diffusion welding Ti
3alC
2and Ti
3siC
2material, the method needs to be incubated 2h under 1200 DEG C of high temperature, 20MPa pressure.
But in actual applications, aforesaid method needs intermediate layer, make weldprocedure complicated further; Further, need temperature and pressure-soaking time three acting in conjunction to realize, thus require that equipment can provide high temperature and pressure simultaneously, higher to equipment requirements; In addition, need to be incubated the long period, cause cost increase, efficiency reduction, be not therefore suitable for welding and the welding operation on the spot of large-scale MAX phase ceramics workpiece.
Summary of the invention
Technical purpose of the present invention is to provide the novel method of a kind of MAX multiphase ceramics material welding.
The present inventor provides one and realizes above-mentioned purpose technical scheme after great many of experiments: a kind of welding process of MAX multiphase ceramics material, as shown in Figure 1, after two pieces MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded is carried out surface treatment, be connected with lower electrode with top electrode respectively, then two intimate surface contact after process are made, switch on power, form loop line, under the effect of electric current, contact position produces joule heating rapid temperature increases, the MAX multiphase ceramics material of contact position is activated and mutual diffusion, thus realizes welding.
Described top electrode and the material of lower electrode are not limit.In order to strengthen welding effect, as preferably, by described upper and lower electrode materials, pressure is applied to two pieces MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded, when making welding material to be welded while contact position generation mutual diffusion with plastic deformation, to strengthen welding effect.
Described MAX multiphase ceramics material is a kind of lamellar compound stupalith, and wherein M is transition metal, and A is main group element, and X is C and N two kinds of elements, includes but not limited to Ti
3siC
2, Ti
3alC
2, Ti
2alC, Ti
2alN, Ti
4alN
3, Ti
2sC, Ti
3geC
2, V
2alC, Cr
2alC, Nb
4geC
3, Zr
3al
3c
5, Zr
2al
4c
5deng in one or several combination, or the matrix material that these materials and compound phase are formed.Described compound phase is not limit, and can be SiC, ZrB
2, TiC, Ni, Al
2o
3, one or more combination in W etc.
Described compound phase pattern is not limit, and can be one or more the combination in powder granule, macrofiber, chopped strand etc.
Described contact comprises point cantact and contacts with face.
The shape of described MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded is not limit, and can be bulk, ring-type and various shaped pieces etc.
Described upper and lower electrode materials is not limit, and includes but not limited to metallic substance or graphite material etc.
The shape of described upper and lower electrode is not limit, and determines according to the shape of MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded, can be bulk, sheet, ring-type or other are irregularly shaped etc.
Described surface treatment refer to MAX multiphase ceramics material surface to be welded carried out polish, polishing, the process such as cleaning, to remove surface impurity and pollutent.
In described welding process, in MAX multiphase ceramics material, contact surface is owing to having larger contact resistance, and under the effect of electric current, rapid temperature increases realizes welding, and the temperature variation of material rest part is relatively little.
Described current forms is not limit, and can be pulsed current, direct current or interchange.Described strength of current is determined by material to be welded and contact surface shape, is generally preferably greater than 500A, is preferably greater than 1000A further.
Described weld interval is determined by strength of current and welding effect, generally within 1-60min, and more preferably 0-30min.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of welding novel method of MAX multiphase ceramics material, the method connects upper and lower electrode respectively at two pieces MAX multiphase ceramics material end to be welded, surface to be welded contacts after treatment, then by power supply, form loop line, contact surface produces joule heating rapid temperature increases under the effect of electric current, the MAX multiphase ceramics material of contact surface is activated and mutual diffusion, thus realizes welding.With existing employing intermediate layer, the method making transition layer High temperature diffusion realize welding under temperature and pressure-insulation acting in conjunction is compared, and tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) simple, without the need to intermediate layer, the diffusion of simple dependence MAX multiphase ceramics material completes welding;
(2) weld cycle is short, and the welding process of the intermediate layer High temperature diffusion adopted at present needs longer soaking time, and be generally 1-2h, the present invention can realize the welding of material in the short period of time, is generally only 1-60min.
(3) without the need to the welding set of complexity, the welding process of the intermediate layer High temperature diffusion adopted at present is generally carried out in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, and the present invention only need apply electric current to material contacting surface two ends, therefore can weld on the spot, has the handiness of height;
(4) material surface no-welding-seam after adopting method of the present invention to carry out solder flux process to MAX multiphase ceramics material, without interface, to be intactly connected to form one, thus effectively enhance the material bending strength after welding, enable its bending strength remain to more than 80% of the front material bending strength of welding.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the welding process schematic diagram of MAX multiphase ceramics material of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is Ti in the embodiment of the present invention 1
3siC
2the interface cross section optical photograph of material after welding;
Fig. 3 is Ti in the embodiment of the present invention 1
3siC
2interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of material after welding;
Fig. 4 be in the embodiment of the present invention 2 weld sample interface cross-sectional scans Electronic Speculum (SEM) photo;
Fig. 5 be in the embodiment of the present invention 3 weld sample interface cross-sectional scans Electronic Speculum (SEM) photo.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, it is pointed out that the following stated embodiment is intended to be convenient to the understanding of the present invention, and any restriction effect is not play to it.
Reference numeral in Fig. 1 is: 1, first MAX multiphase ceramics material; 2, second MAX multiphase ceramics material; 3, top electrode; 4, lower electrode; 5, power supply.
Embodiment 1:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti
3siC
2block materials, to two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material welds, and concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) by two pieces of Ti
3siC
2after the surface finish to be welded of material 1 and 2, polishing with acetone and deionized water wash clean;
(2) as shown in Figure 1, by these two pieces of Ti
3siC
2the surface in alignment to be welded of material contacts, two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material is connected with graphite top electrode 3 and graphite lower electrode 4 respectively, power supply 5, graphite top electrode 3, two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material 1 and 2 and graphite lower electrode 4 form loop line;
(3) by Graphite Electrodes 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material 1 and 2 applies the pressure of 13MPa;
(4) electric current is applied to whole system, Ti
3siC
2the contact surface of material 1 and 2 produces joule heating rapid temperature increases under the effect of electric current, makes the Ti of contact surface
3siC
2material activation mutual diffusion, after strength of current is loaded on 2.2KA, stop loading current;
(5) Ti is treated
3siC
2take out after material 1 and 2 is cooled to room temperature, whole welding process completes.
The time of above-mentioned welding process is only 6min.Fig. 2 is above-mentioned Ti
3siC
2the interface cross section optical photograph of material after welding, Fig. 3 is this Ti
3siC
2interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of material after welding.As can be seen from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, these two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material is connected in one, and interface no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 2:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti
3siC
2block materials, to two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material welds, and concrete grammar is with substantially identical described in embodiment 1, and difference is: in step (3), by Graphite Electrodes 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material 1 and 2 applies the pressure of 1MPa; In step (4), strength of current stops loading current after being loaded on 2.2KA; The time of welding process is 7min.
Fig. 4 is this Ti
3siC
2interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of material after welding.As can be seen from the figure, these two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material is connected in one, and interface no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 3:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti
3siC
2block materials, to two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material welds, and concrete grammar is with substantially identical described in embodiment 1, and difference is: in step (3), by Graphite Electrodes 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material 1 and 2 applies the pressure of 5MPa; In step (4), strength of current stops loading current after being loaded on 2.5KA; The time of welding process is 6min.
Fig. 5 is this Ti
3siC
2interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of material after welding.As can be seen from the figure, these two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material is connected in one, and interface no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 4:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti
3siC
2block materials, to two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material welds, and concrete grammar is with substantially identical described in embodiment 1, and difference is: in step (3), by Graphite Electrodes 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material 1 and 2 applies the pressure of 13MPa; In step (4), strength of current stops loading current after being loaded on 3.5KA; The time of welding process is 3min.
This Ti
3siC
2interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of material after welding is similar to Figure 3.As can be seen from the figure, these two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material is connected in one, and interface no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 5:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti
3alC
2block materials, to two pieces of Ti
3alC
2material welds, and concrete grammar is with substantially identical described in embodiment 1, and difference is employing two pieces of Ti
3alC
2material replaces two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material.
This Ti
3alC
2interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of material after welding is similar to Figure 3.As can be seen from the figure, these two pieces of Ti
3alC
2material is connected in one, and interface no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 6:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti
3alC
2block materials, to two pieces of Ti
3alC
2material welds, and concrete grammar is with substantially identical described in embodiment 5, and difference is: in step (3), by Graphite Electrodes 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti
3alC
2material 1 and 2 applies the pressure of 5MPa; In step (4), strength of current stops loading current after being loaded on 2.5KA; The time of welding process is 6min.
This Ti
3alC
2interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of material after welding is similar to Figure 3.As can be seen from the figure, these two pieces of Ti
3alC
2material is connected in one, and interface no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 7:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 is Ti
3siC
2block materials, second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 is Ti
3alC
2block materials, weld this two pieces material, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) by Ti
3siC
2material 1 and Ti
3alC
2after the surface finish to be welded of material 2, polishing with acetone and deionized water wash clean;
(2) as shown in Figure 1, the surface in alignment to be welded of this two block of material is contacted, Ti
3siC
2material 1 is connected with graphite top electrode 3, Ti
3alC
2material 2 is connected with graphite lower electrode 4, power supply 5, graphite top electrode 3, Ti
3siC
2material 1 and Ti
3alC
2material 2 and graphite lower electrode 4 form loop line;
(3) by Graphite Electrodes 3 and 4 at Ti
3siC
2material 1 and Ti
3alC
2material 2 applies the pressure of 13MPa;
(4) electric current is applied to whole system, Ti
3siC
2material 1 and Ti
3alC
2the contact surface of material 2 produces joule heating rapid temperature increases under the effect of electric current, makes the Ti of contact surface
3siC
2material and Ti
3alC
2material activation mutual diffusion, after strength of current is loaded on 2.2KA, stop loading current;
(5) Ti is treated
3siC
2material 1 and Ti
3alC
2material 2 takes out after being cooled to room temperature, and whole welding process completes, and the time is only 6min.
This Ti
3siC
2material and Ti
3alC
2interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of material after welding is similar to Figure 3.Can find out, this two block of material is connected in one, and interface no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 8:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 is Ti
3siC
2block materials, second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 is Ti
3alC
2block materials, welds this two pieces material, and concrete grammar is with substantially identical described in embodiment 7, and difference is: in step (3), by Graphite Electrodes 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti
3alC
2material 1 and 2 applies the pressure of 0MPa; In step (4), strength of current stops loading current after being loaded on 3.2KA; The time of welding process is 3min.
This Ti
3siC
2material and Ti
3alC
2interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of material after welding is similar to Figure 3.Can find out, this two block of material is connected in one, and interface no-welding-seam, without interface.
Embodiment 9:
In the present embodiment, first MAX multiphase ceramics material 1 and second MAX multiphase ceramics material 2 are Ti
3siC
2block materials, to two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material welds, and concrete grammar is with substantially identical described in embodiment 1, and difference is: adopt copper as electrode materials, in step (2), by copper electrode 3 and 4 at two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material 1 is connected with 2 and forms loop line.In step (3), by copper electrode 1 and 2 to two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material 1 and 2 applies pressure.
This Ti
3siC
2interface cross section scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo of material after welding is similar to Figure 3.Can find out, these two pieces of Ti
3siC
2material is connected in one, and interface no-welding-seam, without interface.
Above-described embodiment has been described in detail technical scheme of the present invention and products characteristics; be understood that and the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; all any amendments and improvement etc. made in spirit of the present invention, all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the welding process of a MAX multiphase ceramics material, it is characterized in that: after two pieces MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded is carried out surface treatment, be connected with lower electrode with top electrode respectively, then two intimate surface contact after process are made, switch on power, form loop line, under the effect of electric current, contact position produces joule heating rapid temperature increases, the MAX multiphase ceramics material of contact position is activated and mutual diffusion, thus realizes welding.
2. the welding process of MAX multiphase ceramics material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: apply pressure by upper and lower electrode pair two pieces MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded, when making welding material to be welded while contact position generation mutual diffusion with plastic deformation.
3. the welding process of MAX multiphase ceramics material according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described MAX multiphase ceramics material is Ti
3siC
2, Ti
3alC
2, Ti
2alC, Ti
2alN, Ti
4alN
3, Ti
2sC, Ti
3geC
2, V
2alC, Cr
2alC, Nb
4geC
3, Zr
3al
3c
5, Zr
2al
4c
5in one or several combination, or Ti
3siC
2, Ti
3alC
2, Ti
2alC, Ti
2alN, Ti
4alN
3, Ti
2sC, Ti
3geC
2, V
2alC, Cr
2alC, Nb
4geC
3, Zr
3al
3c
5, Zr
2al
4c
5in a kind of matrix material formed with compound phase.
4. the welding process of MAX multiphase ceramics material according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described compound phase is SiC, ZrB
2, TiC, Al
2o
3, one or more combination in W.
5. the welding process of MAX multiphase ceramics material according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described compound phase pattern is one or more the combination in powder granule, macrofiber, chopped strand.
6. the welding process of MAX multiphase ceramics material according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described contact is point cantact or face contact.
7. the welding process of MAX multiphase ceramics material according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described upper and lower electrode materials is metallic substance or graphite material.
8. the welding process of MAX multiphase ceramics material according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described MAX multiphase ceramics material to be welded is the shaped piece of block MAX multiphase ceramics material, ring-type MAX multiphase ceramics material or MAX multiphase ceramics material.
9. the welding process of MAX multiphase ceramics material according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described current forms is pulsed current, direct current or interchange.
10. the welding process of MAX multiphase ceramics material according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described upper and lower electrode is respectively bulk, sheet or ring-type.
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CN105364284A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-03-02 | 西北工业大学 | Low-temperature quick welding method for zirconia or zirconia-based composite materials |
CN108558428A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-09-21 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of composite interlayer and its Joining Technology for spreading connection silicon carbide ceramics |
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CN109202314A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-15 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of electric arc thermal diffusion complex welding method of MAX base ceramic material |
WO2020042950A1 (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Short-fiber-reinforced oriented max-phase ceramic-based composite and preparation method therefor |
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CN108558428A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-09-21 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of composite interlayer and its Joining Technology for spreading connection silicon carbide ceramics |
CN108558428B (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2021-05-04 | 合肥工业大学 | Composite intermediate layer for diffusion bonding of silicon carbide ceramic and bonding process thereof |
CN109060160A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-21 | 泗阳君子兰激光科技发展有限公司 | High voltage bearing temperature sensor |
CN109202314A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-15 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of electric arc thermal diffusion complex welding method of MAX base ceramic material |
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CN112975185A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device for electric field auxiliary ceramic quick connection and use method thereof |
CN112975185B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-01-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device for electric field auxiliary ceramic quick connection |
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