CN104625944A - Photonic crystal fiber end face polishing method and device obtained according to photonic crystal fiber end face polishing method - Google Patents
Photonic crystal fiber end face polishing method and device obtained according to photonic crystal fiber end face polishing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104625944A CN104625944A CN201510087651.3A CN201510087651A CN104625944A CN 104625944 A CN104625944 A CN 104625944A CN 201510087651 A CN201510087651 A CN 201510087651A CN 104625944 A CN104625944 A CN 104625944A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/04—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/07—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces characterised by the movement of the work or lapping tool
- B24B37/10—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces characterised by the movement of the work or lapping tool for single side lapping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C25/00—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices referred to in the other groups of this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Abstract
A photonic crystal fiber end face polishing method includes: pre-filling low-refractive-index optical cement in pores of an end face of a photonic crystal fiber, and subjecting the end face of the photonic crystal fiber to optical polishing after curing of the low-refractive-index optical cement, wherein the refractive index of the low-refractive-index optical cement is smaller than that of a core layer material of the photonic crystal fiber. The photonic crystal fiber end face polishing method has the advantages that optical polishing of the end face of the photonic crystal fiber can be carried out under conventional polishing process conditions; in addition, the problem that the cement permeates into the photonic crystal fiber when the end face of the photonic crystal fiber is coupled with an optical waveguide chip is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fiber end face process technology, particularly relate to a kind of photonic crystal fiber end surface grinding finishing method and thus obtained device.
Background technology
Fiber optic loop is one of the most frequently used Fibre Optical Sensor light path, its structure and sensing principle are as shown in Figure 1, 2, one row light wave is divided into the equal light wave of two big powers' degree after M point is coupled into fiber optic loop, difference (marks direction shown in CW in figure) along clockwise direction and counterclockwise (marking direction shown in CCW in figure) propagates in fiber optic loop, when fiber optic loop relative inertness space is static (shown in Fig. 1 situation), the light path that two row light wave experience are completely equal, homophase arrives M point; And when fiber optic loop relative inertness space rotates around the central shaft perpendicular to its plane with angular speed Ω (shown in Fig. 2 situation), two-beam arrives M ' point (i.e. the postrotational location point of M point in Fig. 1) and produces because experiencing different light paths the phase difference being proportional to angular speed Ω, and this phenomenon is called Sagnac phase shift effect.
Namely fibre optic gyroscope is a kind of angular speed sensing instrument based on Sagnac phase shift effect, and it has, and structure of whole solid state, volume are little, the advantage such as electromagnetism interference, high accuracy and long-life; See Fig. 3, a kind of typical structure of fibre optic gyroscope is shown in figure, it is made up of low-coherence light source, polarization-maintaining coupler, Y waveguide phase-modulator, polarization-maintaining fiber coil and photodetector and signal processing circuit and corresponding A/D, D/A modular converter, each optical element is connected in the mode of tail optical fiber welding and forms closed light path, and circuit part adopts complete-digital closed-loop detection scheme.When polarization-maintaining fiber coil relative inertness space is with angular speed
during rotation, the two row light waves wherein transmitted along positive and negative both direction respectively produce Sagnac phase difference owing to experiencing different light path
Ф s , signal processing circuit is introduced a modulation signal counteracting fiber optic loop and is rotated the Sagnac phase difference caused on Y waveguide phase-modulator
Ф s , can obtain by detecting this modulation signal the angular rate information that system rotates relative to inertial space.
Fibre optic current sensor is the another kind of sensor based on fiber optic loop structure, as shown in Figure 4, its sensing light path and signal processing circuit and optical fibre gyro similar, but light wave is that the magnetic field produced by the electric current in current carrying bus causes by the phase difference produced after polarization-maintaining fiber coil, can be obtained the size of current in current carrying bus by phase difference.
In two kinds of application examples above, Y waveguide phase-modulator and polarization-maintaining fiber coil are the crucial sensing light paths in system with the closed responsive loop that tail optical fiber welding mode is formed, and its performance indications and stability directly determine the precision of sensor; Conventional stress type or geometric type polarization maintaining optical fibre are all introduce stress by doping in covering or produce birefringence by not rounded symmetric geometry, and its typical birefringence value is 10
-4magnitude; From prior art, there is the problems such as the large and capability of resistance to radiation of responsive to temperature, bending loss is poor in the polarization maintaining optical fibre based on stress or not rounded symmetric geometry, has become the bottleneck of restriction fiber optic loop sense light road direction high accuracy and miniaturization development.
The photonic crystal fiber that developed recently gets up is a kind of Novel Microstructure optical fiber, and it forms forbidden photon band (end face structure of photonic crystal fiber as shown in Figure 5) by the micro air-holes that arranges vertically in covering, thus is constrained in fibre core by light wave and transmit; After photonic crystals optical fiber structure is analysed in depth, we will find, if photonic crystal fiber can be applied to fiber optic loop sensing light path, more conventional polarization maintaining optical fibre, photonic crystal fiber has following unrivaled advantage: 1, design freedom is large: by the control to structural parameters, and photonic crystal fiber can meet the multiple requirement of light path and relative photo device simultaneously; If Design of Photonic Crystal Fiber is that geometric type protects inclined structure by 2, so photonic crystal fiber will have at least higher than the birefringence of a conventional polarization maintaining optical fibre order of magnitude; 3, photonic crystal fiber is drawn by homogenous material, and temperature sensitivity is lower than conventional fiber 100 ~ 1000 times; 4, the bending loss of photonic crystal fiber is low, can the fiber optic loop of little compared with conventional fiber 6 times of coiling, is easy to the miniaturization realizing system.If photonic crystal fiber can be applied to the sensing light path of fiber optic loop structure, be so expected to make the product such as optical fibre gyro, fibre optic current sensor of more high performance index, more small size size.At present, Internal Reflection Photonic Crystal Fiber performance reaches practical level, and have commercial product to sell.
Above photonic crystal fiber application prospect is looked forward to, so we have a look the concrete feasibility of photonic crystal fiber application again: photonic crystal fiber is applied to the sensing device such as optical fibre gyro or fibre optic current sensor, the problem that first will solve is exactly how photonic crystal fiber is accessed light path, when photonic crystal fiber being applied to optical fibre gyro or fibre optic current sensor, be exactly in fact photonic crystal fiber turned to fiber optic loop and by its alternate figures 1, polarization-maintaining fiber coil in 2, this just relates to and needs the tail optical fiber of fiber optic loop and Y waveguide phase-modulator that (guarantor also namely in figure exports tail optical fiber partially, tail optical fiber on existing Y waveguide phase-modulator is conventional polarization maintaining optical fibre) phase welding, because single-point splice loss, splice attenuation when conventional polarization maintaining optical fibre and photon crystal optical fiber fusion splicing is just up to 4.0dB, there is the problems such as polarization axle alignment error is large in addition, so propose again the tail optical fiber that direct photonic crystal fiber forms Y waveguide phase-modulator in the industry, then the mutual welding of fiber optic loop with photonic crystal fiber is carried out by the tail optical fiber of photonic crystal fiber, just can realize extremely low splice loss, splice attenuation between the two in theory.But inventor but finds following problem when verifying aforementioned conception: in the prior art, in order to realize low coupling added losses, need the polishing milled processed of pigtail coupling end end face being carried out to optical grade, but there is the airport of solid matter due to the end face of photonic crystal fiber, when adopting conventional cmp glossing to grind its end face, abrasive grain and polishing fluid can enter in the airport of photonic crystal fiber inside by photonic crystal fiber end face hole, destroy its original Modes In Diffused, cause loss to increase even to lose efficacy, simultaneously, caving in and being out of shape of the photonic crystal fiber end face loose structure that in grinding and polishing, mechanical pressure causes also can destroy Modes In Diffused, in addition, at existing optical fiber, under optical waveguide coupled technique (namely using ultra-violet curing glue to realize the affixed of fiber optical waveguide) condition, ultra-violet curing glue can inevitably immerse in the airport of photonic crystal fiber inside from photonic crystal fiber end face hole, change the Modes In Diffused of optical fiber, cause loss increase even guided mode by, therefore, there is not in the industry the Y waveguide phase-modulator of report photonic crystal fiber coupling always.
Summary of the invention
For the problem in background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of photonic crystal fiber end surface grinding finishing method, its innovation is: in the end face hole of photonic crystal fiber, be pre-charged with low-refraction optical cement, after the solidification of low-refraction optical cement, photonic crystal fiber end face is carried out to the grinding and polishing process of optical grade; The refractive index of described low-refraction optical cement is less than the refractive index of photonic crystal fiber core material.
The principle of preceding method is: the design feature of photonic crystal fiber causes its end face to there is hole, this is the basic reason causing problem described in background technology, and after adopting the present invention program, after being filled in the intrapore low-refraction optical cement solidification of photonic crystal fiber end face, under the prerequisite not changing photonic crystal fiber Modes In Diffused, the end of photonic crystal fiber can be made to form solid construction, this solid construction not only makes the mechanical strength of photonic crystal fiber end face greatly be strengthened, also the endoporus of photonic crystal fiber and external environment condition are kept apart simultaneously, from manufacturability, when carrying out grinding and polishing, the low-refraction optical cement be cured due to photonic crystal fiber end face is filled, the end face structure of photonic crystal fiber can not destroy by mechanical stress, abrasive grain and polishing fluid also can not enter in the airport of photonic crystal fiber inside, carrying out follow-up optical fiber, during optical waveguide coupled technique, ultra-violet curing glue also can not immerse in the airport of photonic crystal fiber inside, this just well solves photonic crystal fiber end surface grinding and the affixed problem that is coupled, in order to reduce optical cement itself to the impact of photonic crystal fiber waveguide properties as far as possible, the refractive index of low-refraction optical cement should be the smaller the better, but inventor is by finding after lot of experiments, as long as the refractive index of low-refraction optical cement is controlled in the level being less than photonic crystal fiber core material refractive index, just can obtain good effect, certainly, in situation with good conditionsi, those skilled in the art can select the optical cement of more low-refraction to implement the present invention program, when concrete enforcement is of the present invention, because existing optical cement is of a great variety, the refractive index of different optical glue also there are differences, and those skilled in the art can measure the refractive index after optical cement solidification in advance, and preferentially adopt as required.
Based on aforementioned schemes, the invention allows for a kind of technique be coupled for photonic crystal fiber and chip of light waveguide, comprise chip of light waveguide and photonic crystal fiber, its innovation is: that end for coupling operation on described photonic crystal fiber is designated as coupled end, low-refraction optical cement is filled in the end face hole of coupled end, after the solidification of low-refraction optical cement, coupled end end face is carried out to the grinding and polishing operation of optical grade, after grinding and polishing operation terminates, coupled end and chip of light waveguide are coupled and aligned and adopt ultra-violet curing glue affixed; The refractive index of described low-refraction optical cement is less than the refractive index of photonic crystal fiber core material.The core innovative point of this technique is identical with aforesaid abrasive polishing method, namely make photonic crystal fiber end face form solid construction by filling low-refraction optical cement, thus realize the optical grade grinding and polishing of photonic crystal fiber end face and and chip of light waveguide affixed
Based on previous process, the invention allows for a kind of chip of light waveguide with tail optical fiber, its innovation is: described tail optical fiber adopts photonic crystal fiber to make, that end that tail optical fiber is connected with chip of light waveguide is designated as coupled end, the end face polishing degree of described coupled end reaches optical grade, and coupled end and chip of light waveguide adopt ultra-violet curing glue affixed after being coupled and aligned.
In addition, the invention allows for a kind of optical fiber loop sensor preparation method, comprise Y waveguide phase-modulator, two tail optical fibers and fiber optic loop; The coupled end of described two tail optical fibers is connected with the output of two on Y waveguide phase-modulator respectively, the other end of two tail optical fibers respectively with the two ends phase welding of fiber optic loop; Its innovation is: described fiber optic loop adopts photonic crystal fiber coiling; Described tail optical fiber adopts photonic crystal fiber to make; Described coupled end is connected in the following way with between output: in the end face hole of coupled end, fill low-refraction optical cement, after the solidification of low-refraction optical cement, coupled end end face is carried out to the grinding and polishing process of optical grade, after grinding and polishing process terminates, coupled end and chip of light waveguide are coupled and aligned and adopt ultra-violet curing glue affixed; The refractive index of described low-refraction optical cement is less than the refractive index of photonic crystal fiber core material.
A kind of fibre optic gyroscope adopted produced by optical fiber loop sensor preparation method.
A kind of fibre optic current sensor adopted produced by optical fiber loop sensor preparation method.
Advantageous Effects of the present invention is: make photonic crystal fiber end face can carry out optical grade grinding and polishing under conventional abrasive polishing process condition, meanwhile, solve colloid when photonic crystal fiber end face is coupled affixed with chip of light waveguide and immerse the problem of photonic crystal fiber inside.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Principle schematic when Fig. 1, fiber optic loop relative inertness space are static;
Principle schematic when Fig. 2, fiber optic loop relative inertness Space Rotating;
Fig. 3, fibre optic gyroscope structural representation;
Fig. 4, Configuration of Optical Fiber Current schematic diagram;
Fig. 5, photonic crystal fiber end face structure schematic diagram (end face structure shown in figure is only a kind of example, and those skilled in the art can carry out specific design according to prior art condition to photonic crystal fiber end face structure);
Fig. 6, Y waveguide phase-modulator structural representation of the present invention;
In figure each mark corresponding to title be respectively: Y fiber waveguide phase-modulator 1, tail optical fiber 1-1, input optical fibre 1-2, fiber optic loop 2.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of photonic crystal fiber end surface grinding finishing method, its innovation is: in the end face hole of photonic crystal fiber, be pre-charged with low-refraction optical cement, after the solidification of low-refraction optical cement, photonic crystal fiber end face is carried out to the grinding and polishing process of optical grade; The refractive index of described low-refraction optical cement is less than the refractive index of photonic crystal fiber core material.
A kind of technique be coupled for photonic crystal fiber and chip of light waveguide, comprise chip of light waveguide and photonic crystal fiber, its innovation is: that end for coupling operation on described photonic crystal fiber is designated as coupled end, low-refraction optical cement is filled in the end face hole of coupled end, after the solidification of low-refraction optical cement, coupled end end face is carried out to the grinding and polishing process of optical grade, after grinding and polishing operation terminates, adopt ultra-violet curing glue to be coupled affixed by chip of light waveguide and coupled end; The refractive index of described low-refraction optical cement is less than the refractive index of photonic crystal fiber core material.
The fiber waveguide device of the band tail optical fiber that a kind of previous process is produced, its innovation is: described tail optical fiber 1-1 adopts photonic crystal fiber to make, that end that tail optical fiber 1-1 is connected with chip of light waveguide is designated as coupled end, the end face polishing degree of described coupled end reaches optical grade, adopts ultra-violet curing glue bond to be coupled between coupled end with chip of light waveguide.
A kind of optical fiber loop sensor preparation method, comprises Y waveguide phase-modulator 1, two tail optical fiber 1-1 and fiber optic loop 2; The coupled end of described two tail optical fiber 1-1 is connected with the output of two on Y waveguide phase-modulator 1 respectively, the other end of two tail optical fiber 1-1 respectively with the two ends phase welding of fiber optic loop 2; Its innovation is: described fiber optic loop 2 adopts photonic crystal fiber coiling; Described tail optical fiber 1-1 adopts photonic crystal fiber to make; Described coupled end is connected in the following way with between output: in the end face hole of coupled end, fill low-refraction optical cement, after the solidification of low-refraction optical cement, coupled end end face is carried out to the grinding and polishing process of optical grade, after grinding and polishing process terminates, coupled end and chip of light waveguide are coupled and aligned and adopt ultra-violet curing glue affixed; The refractive index of described low-refraction optical cement is less than the refractive index of photonic crystal fiber core material.
The fibre optic gyroscope obtained by aforementioned optical fiber loop sensor preparation method and fibre optic current sensor.
Claims (6)
1. a photonic crystal fiber end surface grinding finishing method, it is characterized in that: in the end face hole of photonic crystal fiber, be pre-charged with low-refraction optical cement, after the solidification of low-refraction optical cement, photonic crystal fiber end face is carried out to the grinding and polishing process of optical grade; The refractive index of described low-refraction optical cement is less than the refractive index of photonic crystal fiber core material.
2. the technique be coupled for photonic crystal fiber and chip of light waveguide, comprise chip of light waveguide and photonic crystal fiber, it is characterized in that: that end that described photonic crystal fiber is used for coupling operation is designated as coupled end, low-refraction optical cement is filled in the end face hole of coupled end, after the solidification of low-refraction optical cement, coupled end end face is carried out to the grinding and polishing process of optical grade, after grinding and polishing operation terminates, coupled end and chip of light waveguide are coupled and aligned and adopt ultra-violet curing glue affixed; The refractive index of described low-refraction optical cement is less than the refractive index of photonic crystal fiber core material.
3. the fiber waveguide device of the band tail optical fiber adopting technique described in claim 2 to produce, it is characterized in that: described tail optical fiber (1-1) adopts photonic crystal fiber to make, upper that end be connected with chip of light waveguide of tail optical fiber (1-1) is designated as coupled end, the end face polishing degree of described coupled end reaches optical grade, and coupled end and chip of light waveguide adopt ultra-violet curing glue affixed after being coupled and aligned.
4. an optical fiber loop sensor preparation method, comprises Y waveguide phase-modulator (1), two tail optical fibers (1-1) and fiber optic loop (2); The coupled end of described two tail optical fibers (1-1) is connected with two outputs on Y waveguide phase-modulator (1) respectively, the other end of two tail optical fibers (1-1) respectively with the two ends phase welding of fiber optic loop (2); It is characterized in that: described fiber optic loop (2) adopts photonic crystal fiber coiling; Described tail optical fiber (1-1) adopts photonic crystal fiber to make; Described coupled end is connected in the following way with between output: in the end face hole of coupled end, fill low-refraction optical cement, after the solidification of low-refraction optical cement, coupled end end face is carried out to the grinding and polishing process of optical grade, after grinding and polishing process terminates, coupled end and chip of light waveguide are coupled and aligned and adopt ultra-violet curing glue affixed; The refractive index of described low-refraction optical cement is less than the refractive index of photonic crystal fiber core material.
5. the fibre optic gyroscope adopting method described in claim 4 to produce.
6. the fibre optic current sensor adopting method described in claim 4 to produce.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110045462A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of production method of the solid core photonic crystal fiber ring terminal for optical fibre gyro |
| CN110865436A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-03-06 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method and device for directly coupling hollow photonic band gap optical fiber ring and integrated optical chip based on composite light guide mechanism |
| CN111025475A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-17 | 天津津航技术物理研究所 | Method for manufacturing Y waveguide based on refractive index guide type photonic crystal fiber |
| CN111948751A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Design method of optical fiber current transformer optical fiber sensing ring based on 650nm wave band |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111948751B (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2022-09-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Design method of optical fiber current transformer optical fiber sensing ring based on 650nm wave band |
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