CN104614359A - 一种基于新型纳米拉曼球的microRNA的检测方法 - Google Patents

一种基于新型纳米拉曼球的microRNA的检测方法 Download PDF

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CN104614359A
CN104614359A CN201410773198.7A CN201410773198A CN104614359A CN 104614359 A CN104614359 A CN 104614359A CN 201410773198 A CN201410773198 A CN 201410773198A CN 104614359 A CN104614359 A CN 104614359A
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王晓蒙
张振
张书圣
罗捷
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Linyi University
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Abstract

本发明制备了一种新型的具有强拉曼信号的纳米杂化拉曼球,以该拉曼球为主体,设计了一种拉曼探针,该探针实现了对miRNA的高灵敏度、高选择性的检测。在拉曼球上修饰生物条码DNA1和DNA2。利用磁珠上修饰的捕获DNA捕获检测对象miRNA,miRNA与捕获链DNA3杂交,然后DNA3发生滚环复制得到一条长的DNA链,该长DNA链能分段与多条DNA2特异性杂交,亦即捕获多个纳米杂化拉曼球,产生超强拉曼信号。本发明通过成功制备纳米杂化拉曼球和巧妙的探针设计实现了高灵敏的miRNA拉曼分析,该探针可准确识别肿瘤细胞和正常细胞,稳定性和可信性高,在临床应用方面具有良好的前景。

Description

一种基于新型纳米拉曼球的microRNA的检测方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于金属-有机物杂化纳米拉曼球的拉曼探针制备及其对核酸类肿瘤标志物(如microRNA-21)的高灵敏度检测,主要内容为制备新型纳米拉曼球,并以此为核心设计制备新型拉曼探针,并结合表面增强拉曼光谱技术(SERS)对核酸类肿瘤标志物进行高灵敏度检测,并能清楚的判断肿瘤细胞和正常细胞。
 背景技术
核酸类肿瘤标志物在肿瘤的预警、诊断和治疗中起着至关重要的作用,其多样化的特点为研发高灵敏度的检测方法提供了便利。核酸类肿瘤标志物包括:RNA 标志物、肿瘤相关病毒 DNA、DNA 突变及DNA 甲基化。其中microRNA (miRNA) 是一类长度约为20-24个核苷酸的内生小RNA,对生命体有多种重要的调节作用。研究显示,miRNA参与细胞的增殖、凋亡和分化,表观遗传学沉默、转录因子失调等会导致miRNA 的表达下降,进而导致肿瘤的发生,例如弥漫性大 B 细胞淋巴瘤病人血清 中miRNA-21 水平明显高于正常人,血清 miRNA-92 的水平也被用作结直肠癌的肿瘤标志物。因此,miRNA是一种很有发展前景的核酸类肿瘤标志物,对肿瘤的早期诊断和治疗有重要的意义。
针对核酸类肿瘤标志物的检测方法经历了数十年的发展,现已开发出多种检测技术,如酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、放射免疫法、荧光法、比色法和电化学法等。每种方法在灵敏度、选择性、稳定性、检测时间、成本、操作性等方面都各有其优缺点。然而,癌症早期患者血清中肿瘤标志物浓度仅为10-12-10-16M,目前的临床免疫测定法能测定的最低浓度仅为pM,无法满足现代医学早期诊断的要求。目前科研工作者重点研发了基于荧光、电化学和表面等离子共振的生物传感器,已经取得了较大的进展。
表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)近年来在生物和化学传感方面的应用较为活跃。相对荧光分析、电化学分析和酶联免疫分析,SERS具有以下优势:有效避免光致褪色、背景低、有效增强分子的拉曼强度,灵敏度高。因此SERS有望实现对核酸肿瘤标志物的高灵敏度高选择性的测定。
为了简化核酸肿瘤标志物的检测步骤提高其检测灵敏度和选择性,该专利制备表面修饰银纳米粒子的金属-有机物杂化纳米拉曼球,结合生物条码技术和滚环放大技术制备基于该拉曼球的纳米探针。只有在核酸肿瘤标志物(以miRNA-21为例)存在时,磁珠才能捕获具有强拉曼信号的纳米杂化拉曼球,才能检测到拉曼信号,以此实现对核酸肿瘤标志物的高灵敏度高选择性的检测。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:以miRNA-21为模型,制备一种能快速、高灵敏度、高选择性检测miRNA的拉曼探针,为实现肿瘤的早期预警和诊断提高依据。
本发明提出的可对miRNA-21进行拉曼检测的纳米探针制作路线图如图2所示。以纳米杂化拉曼球为主题,结合生物条码和滚环放大技术,制得该拉曼探针。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现:
(1)具有强拉曼活性的纳米杂化拉曼球由三部分组成:由拉曼活性分子和Cu2+发生沉淀共价结合生成纳米球,对纳米球和银纳米粒子(AgNPs)表面进行表面功能化修饰,使上述两者通过氢键结合,得到AgNPs修饰的纳米杂化拉曼球,在拉曼球表面做生物条码;
(2)以磁珠(MB)为载体,将待测miRNA负载在磁珠上,磁珠上的miRNA与捕获链杂化,捕获链发生滚环放大后将捕获若干个生物条码修饰的纳米杂化拉曼球,实现信号的放大,将最终样品滴在金片上即可测得相应拉曼信号,如图2所示。
本发明的主要创新性和优越性为:
本发明基于拉曼活性分子和金属离子的共沉淀作用制备了纳米球,在该纳米球上修饰了AgNPs,制备了AgNPs修饰的拉曼球,并以此为主体制备了拉曼探针,实现了对miRNA-21的高灵敏拉曼检测。与已有的检测方法相比,本发明具备以下优点:
(1) 本发明采用共沉淀法制备了具有拉曼活性的新型纳米杂化拉曼球;
(2) 本发明设计的拉曼球表面通过氢键修饰有大量的AgNPs,能非常可观的增强拉曼球的拉曼信号;
(3) 本发明利用条码技术和滚环放大技术使一条miRNA链能链接一条超长捕获链,从而能捕获若干个拉曼球,进一步放大信号;
(4) 本发明所述的拉曼探针制备和操作方法简便快捷,灵敏度高,检测限达10-16,能达到肿瘤预警和早期诊断的要求。
附图说明
图1 为拉曼球的TEM图。
图2为基于金属-有机物纳米杂化拉曼球的拉曼探针的制备过程示意图。
图3 为正常细胞和Hela细胞中miRNA-21拉曼检测的结果示意图。
实施例
以下为实施本发明的具体示例,其作用在于进一步阐明本发明的内容,使阅读者更容易理解,但不构成对本发明要求的保护范围的限定或限制。
实施例一
结合图2,合成具有强拉曼信号的纳米杂化拉曼球。在40-60μl (0.04M)拉曼活性物质的DMSO溶液中,逐滴加入1mL二次水,室温搅拌过夜,然后快速加入20-30μl 0.15M的Cu(OAc)2,95℃反应1h。离心去除上清,分散于1mL PBS (pH7.4)中,得到纳米杂化拉曼球。将DNA1和DNA2以90:1的比例,37℃与纳米杂化拉曼球反应4h,离心去除上清,重新分散于1mL PBS (pH7.4)中,得到生物条码修饰的纳米杂化拉曼球,4℃保存。
实施例二
结合图2,利用拉曼探针进行细胞内miRNA的拉曼检测。以HeLa细胞和正常细胞为基本模型(0.5mL,1×106mL-1),超声破碎,然后与生物条码修饰的纳米杂化拉曼球、DNA3修饰的磁珠、T4连接酶、DNA聚合酶混合,调节pH为7.4,温育2h。然后将样品滴在金片上,进行拉曼检测。比较两者信号,可明显看出HeLa细胞中miRNA的水平明显高于正常细胞的水平。
专利中所用DNA序列
 
 

Claims (4)

1.一种具有强拉曼信号的纳米杂化拉曼球,其技术核心是能产生拉曼信号的有机分子与金属离子发生共价沉淀形成纳米球,在其表面修饰AgNPs,利用表面等离子体的共振放大实现巨大的电场增强效应,制备强拉曼信号的纳米杂化拉曼球。
2.一种可对miRNA进行高灵敏度拉曼检测的拉曼探针,其特征为以AgNPs修饰的拉曼球为信号核心,待测miRNA负载在磁珠上并与捕获链杂化,捕获链发生滚环放大后通过与修饰在拉曼球上的DNA2杂化捕获若干个拉曼球,实现拉曼信号的二次放大。
3.根据权利要求1和2所述的拉曼探针,其优势在于纳米杂化拉曼球本身的拉曼信号由于表面AgNPs的作用就很强;其高特异性在于待测miRNA能特异性与捕获链杂化,从而能将多个拉曼球聚集到一条DNA链上,实现信号的进一步富集。
4.根据权利要求1、2和3,该拉曼探针能高特异性、高灵敏度、高生物相容性的识别检测实际样品中的核酸肿瘤标志物,如miRNA-21。
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