CN104603319B - 钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理的方法和设备 - Google Patents

钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN104603319B
CN104603319B CN201280074169.0A CN201280074169A CN104603319B CN 104603319 B CN104603319 B CN 104603319B CN 201280074169 A CN201280074169 A CN 201280074169A CN 104603319 B CN104603319 B CN 104603319B
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弗尔维奥 法布里佐·卡文娜
圭多·罗卫托
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理方法和设备，执行如下步骤：对要进行处理的一装载的钢制零件进行清洗或脱油处理；清洗后，在气相下对该钢制零件进行氮化处理，所述氮化步骤包括如下子步骤：含氮预热到350℃；在含CO2环境下从350℃加热到450℃；在含N2环境下从350℃加热到520‑600℃，加热半个小时；在含NH3、CO2和N2的混合气体环境下，同样维持在520‑600℃，加热2至10个小时；对氮化的环境进行含氮清洗；以及蒸汽氧化，在490℃和540℃的温度之间，引入过热蒸汽，并持续一段时间，以达到一个完全的氧铁交换。

Description

钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理的方法和设备
本发明涉及一种钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理的方法和设备。
现有技术中有不同对钢制零件表面的抗氧化处理的方法，在处理结束时，根据他们运行的工作环境，放在能够有效抗磨损腐蚀的环境下。
特别的，作为使用在机动车辆的部件，例如过滤器、气压弹簧等，需要进行电化学处理，例如镀铬、镀镍or部分镀锌等。另一种处理方式，现在的热学方式，是氮化，然后是在含氰化物、氰酸盐和碳酸钠的盐池中执行氧化处理，但是从生态和工作安全视角来说，是不好的。
在机动车辆过滤器的零件和部件领域，为了建立一个外部包层，以保护和容纳该过滤器，抗腐蚀很重要，现有技术是通过在该薄层涂上一层合适的抗腐蚀的油漆来获得这个特征：当然由于使用了有毒的材料，这种处理方式有严重的生态问题。
本发明的目的是解决上述现有技术的问题，提供一种环保的钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理的新的处理方式，其不会出现上述的污染和工作安全问题，并能够达到与现有技术一样的抗磨损腐蚀的效果；这种处理方式还能够延长抗磨损腐蚀的时间，在例如过滤器的部件上，因为它不需要任何油漆涂覆，这种性能将嵌入到处理后的材料的结构本身上。
本发明的另一个目的是提供具有更好的抗盐雾效果的处理方式，并具有比现有处理方式更好的氧化效果。这种处理方式的一个更进一步的好处在于，比现有的任何一种都更安全，因为是通过含氮的预热步骤，而不是如现有处理方式所采用的使用空气的预热步骤。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种执行上述处理方式的设备，从结构视角来说，比现有的设备更简化，在最普通的实施例上，原来需要的蒸汽发生器也不需要了。这种设备同样能够达到大批量生产的生产部件所需要的高生产量，例如基本上机动车辆的生产，石油平台或机械部件的生产。
本发明的上述目的和优点，将在下文中详述，其是通过独立权利要求所描述的处理方法和设备达到。本发明的较佳实施例和详细的变化特征，是从属权利要求的主旨。
可知所有的权利要求都是本发明描述的一个完整的组成部分。
本发明将通过一些较佳实施例和附图来更详细的描述，提供的是非限制的例子：
图1是本发明的一实施例的设备的结构示意图。
图2是图1所示设备所使用的均热炉的侧面剖视图。
附图描绘了本发明的一较佳实施例的处理方法和设备。很明显的是，其他的变化和修改(例如关于形状、大小、分布和具有等同功能的部件)都落入本发明所描述的权利要求所保护的范围内。
本发明的处理方法是用在钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理上，包含如下步骤：
-对要进行处理的一装载的钢制零件进行清洗或脱油处理；
-清洗后，在气相下对该钢制零件进行氮化处理，所述氮化步骤包括如下子步骤：
·含氮预热到350℃；
·在含CO2环境下从350℃加热到450℃；
·在含N2环境下从350℃加热到520-600℃，加热半个小时；
·在含NH3、CO2和N2的混合气体环境下，同样维持在520-600℃，加热2至10个小时；
-对氮化的环境进行含氮清洗；以及
-蒸汽氧化，在490℃和540℃的温度之间，引入过热蒸汽，并持续一段时间，以达到一个完全的氧铁交换。
较佳的，但并不局限于此，所述钢制零件是机动车辆用的部件，或者是石油平台，或者更多的是用在机械上。显然，本发明的处理方法也可以应用在很多其他的需要氮化和氧化处理的部件上。
特别的，在维持520-600℃的子步骤中，所述混合气体包含70％体积的NH3，10％到15％体积的N2，以及分别的20％到15％体积的CO2。
特别的，在维持520-600℃的子步骤中，所述混合气体包含70％体积的NH3，10％体积的N2，以及20％体积的CO2。
本发明还提供了用以执行上述的钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理的设备。该设备包括：
-清洗机5；
-均热炉7；
-氧化设备9；以及
-装有要处理的零件的装载3的搬运设备2(使用卷扬结构)；
其中，通过所述搬运设备2，所述装载3首先插入到所述清洗机5内，用以清洗和脱油(清除前一工作的杂质，例如油)，然后插入到所述均热炉7内以氮化和含氮清洗所述均热炉7。
所述氧化设备9连接到所述均热炉7，在一个独立的设备内，以在含氮清洗所述均热炉7后执行蒸汽氧化的步骤。
在氮化程序结束时，装载3从均热炉7上抽出，通过搬运设备2送到下一工作中。
图2描述了一种典型的用在图1中的设备的均热炉7。参照图2，均热炉7包括一个外部结构11用以支撑和导热，陶瓷纤维组成，在其内部的侧壁和底壁包含有若干个电阻13用来加热内环境。装载3从中间通过上开口轴向插入到均热炉7上；装载3吊在一个支撑结构15上，并有一个盖子17用以协助不同的搬运操作。转载3插入后，均热炉7用一个塞子19关上，以支撑一个电动风扇21，电动风扇21的叶片23工作以吹动均热炉内部的混合气体，并用以保持其温度均匀。均热炉7更进一步在其上部具有一个排气装置25，其是一个桶状结构，不同处理过程的反应气体从这里排除：排气装置25产生的火焰燃烧这些气体。排气装置25的功能还包括发出氧化步骤(根据要处理的部件的数量和大小不同而有不同的工作次数)结束的时间信号，因为在这个时间上，内部的小火焰熄灭。
由于本发明的一些可能的非限制的变化，氧化设备9可以包括一个间歇性类型的泵，用以输送蒸馏水到所述装载3上以氧化用。也可以包括一个蒸汽发生器，用以蒸汽氧化所述装载3，更进一步可以是能够使用已经存在于所述氮化设备中的CO2进行氧化所述装载3的氧化设备。

Claims (5)

1.一种钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理过程，包括以下步骤：
-对要进行处理的一装载的钢制零件进行清洗或脱油处理；
-清洗后，在气相下对该钢制零件进行氮化处理，所述氮化步骤包括如下子步骤：
·含氮预热到350℃；
·在含CO2环境下从350℃加热到450℃；
·在含N2环境下从350℃加热到520-600℃，加热半个小时；
·在含NH3、CO2和N2的混合气体环境下，同样维持在520-600℃，加热2至10个小时，其中，在维持520-600℃的子步骤中，所述混合气体包含70％体积的NH3，10％到15％体积的N2，以及分别的20％到15％体积的CO2；
-对氮化的环境进行含氮清洗；以及
-蒸汽氧化，在490℃和540℃的温度之间，引入过热蒸汽，并持续一段时间，以达到一个完全的氧铁交换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理过程，其特征在于：所述钢制零件为机动车辆使用的部件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理，其特征在于：所述钢制零件为石油平台的部件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理，其特征在于：所述钢制零件为机械使用的部件。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢制零件的表面抗氧化处理，其特征在于：在维持520-600℃的子步骤中，所述混合气体包含70％体积的NH3，10％体积的N2，以及20％体积的CO2。
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EP4008802A1 (en) * 2020-12-02 2022-06-08 Linde GmbH Method of and apparatus for oxidative post-processing of a nitrided or nitrocarburized article
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