CN104601095A - Photovoltaic tracking controller and control method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic tracking controller and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104601095A CN104601095A CN201510014423.3A CN201510014423A CN104601095A CN 104601095 A CN104601095 A CN 104601095A CN 201510014423 A CN201510014423 A CN 201510014423A CN 104601095 A CN104601095 A CN 104601095A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Provided are a photovoltaic tracking controller and a control method thereof. A wind speed sensor is connected with the controller, a sun position and irradiation strength sensor is installed on a photovoltaic cell panel support and is connected with the controller, a motor drives a current sensor to be connected with the controller, a photovoltaic cell panel angle sensor is installed on the photovoltaic cell panel support and is connected with the controller, two tracking motion extreme position sensors are respectively installed at two extreme positions of a tracking transmission mechanism and are connected with the controller, a motor driver is connected with the controller and the motor respectively and is connected with the motor driver and the tracking transmission mechanism respectively, two ends of the tracking transmission mechanism are respectively connected with the motor and the photovoltaic cell panel support, and the controller is connected with a monitoring system through a communication module. The accuracy of the sun tracking angle of a photovoltaic cell panel is improved, the safety under severe conditions is improved, the reliability and stability are improved, and further the generating capacity of the photovoltaic cell panel is improved.
Description
Technical field
Related to photovoltaic power generation apparatus design field by invention, particularly relate to a kind of photovoltaic tracking controller and control method thereof.
Background technology
Photovoltaic generation is a kind of green energy resource with bright prospects, will occupy an important position in the electric power system in future.The power output of photovoltaic cell is relevant with intensity of illumination, and intensity of illumination governs the generating efficiency of solar panel to a certain extent.In order to raise the efficiency, photovoltaic generating system can adopt the controller of solar tracking track function usually.
Tracking controller in the past, as patent CN200510043491.9, the basic law operated around the sun according to the earth and relevant parameters calculate the ground same day is installed true solar time, declination angle, sun set/raise time calculate respectively needed for each time interval elevation angle and orientation according to the speed of following the tracks of running more thus and follow the tracks of running time, then running time needed for each time interval of calculating, control low-angle tracking and orientation are followed the tracks of and are run until sunset.But this mode can not detect the actual attitude of photovoltaic battery panel and angle, cannot find to follow the trail of deviation, cause electric quantity loss.
Patent CN200610146201.8 utilizes light sensors position of sun, as the closed loop detect element of Tracing Control.If the attitude of photovoltaic battery panel is not rectangular with sunlight incident ray, then the signal amplification circuit of optical sensor will detect and represent with the signal of telecommunication.Controller carrys out drive motors according to this signal of telecommunication and adjusts accordingly, until surface of photovoltaic cell panel is again vertical with sunlight incident ray.The shortcoming of this controller cannot tell position of sun when cloudy weather, thus cannot keep track the sun, causes electric quantity loss.
Patent CN201110428797.1, patent CN201210296927.5, patent CN201220738496.9 give time control and the light-operated scheme combined, by light prosecutor case during fine day, namely light sensors position of sun and control drive disk assembly follow the trail of the sun, time control algorithm is used during cloudy weather, namely according to local time and calculation of longitude & latitude position of sun, control drive disk assembly and continue to follow the trail of.One of shortcoming is the switching condition not providing time control and light-operated algorithm, there will be the confusion phenomena that two kinds of algorithms frequently switch, influential system stability and energy output in the critical point of fine with occasional clouds weather; Two of shortcoming is processing methods when not considering that optical sensor breaks down, and likely can cause cannot being switched to time control algorithm and cannot realizing tracking function, cause electric quantity loss.
Controller described in patent CN201310540917.6, comprise the sun declination obtaining the angle of photovoltaic battery panel, the speed of photovoltaic battery panel and current time, utilize Angle ambiguity module, rate control module and proportionality coefficient to adjust the Three-loop control structure of module composition, generate and control the instruction of electric machine rotation.Shortcoming is the windproof protection not realizing photovoltaic battery panel, there is potential safety hazard.
What above-mentioned each scheme existed cannot detect photovoltaic battery panel attitude, cannot differentiate position of sun, algorithms of different occurs when switching the feature that shake, reliability and fail safe are lower being all unfavorable for that system stability generates electricity.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of flat single shaft photovoltaic tracking controller and control method thereof; can realize taking over seamlessly between different tracing algorithm under fine day, cloudy weather, strong wind weather three kinds of operating modes; the angle of Measurement accuracy photovoltaic battery panel and solar incident ray; improve the reliability of following the trail of precision and control system; realize the protection of photovoltaic battery panel Windproof safety, thus realize Energy Maximization.
In order to solve problem existing in background technology, controller of the present invention is by the following technical solutions: it comprises air velocity transducer, position of sun and irradiation intensity transducer, motor drive current transducer, angle of photovoltaic cell panel transducer, tracing movement limit position sensor, motor driver, motor, controller, photovoltaic cell board mount, photovoltaic battery panel, follow the trail of transmission mechanism, described air velocity transducer is independently arranged on the position higher than photovoltaic battery panel and is connected with controller by holding wire, position of sun and irradiation intensity transducer to be arranged on photovoltaic cell board mount and to be connected with controller by holding wire, motor drive current transducer is arranged in the power supply circuits of motor driver and also will be connected with controller by holding wire, angle of photovoltaic cell panel transducer to be arranged on photovoltaic cell board mount and to be connected with controller by holding wire, tracing movement limit position sensor has two, be arranged on two extreme positions following the trail of transmission mechanism range of movement respectively to be also all connected with controller by holding wire, motor driver is connected with motor with controller respectively, motor respectively with motor driver with follow the trail of transmission mechanism and be connected, follow the trail of transmission mechanism one end and connect motor, the other end connects photovoltaic cell board mount, described controller is connected with communication module by communication line, controller is connected with Monitor Computer Control System by network by communication module.
Preferably, described angle of photovoltaic cell panel transducer adopts inclinator potentiometer.
Preferably, described controller adopts programmable logic controller (PLC) PLC or embedded controller.
Preferably, described tracing movement limit position sensor is dry and hard point type travel switch.
Preferably, described photovoltaic cell board mount is flat single shaft tracing system with following the trail of transmission mechanism, also can be any one in column fixed angle single shaft tracing system, twin shaft tracing system.
Present invention also offers a kind of photovoltaic tracing control method, it comprises the following steps:
Step 1: obtain current wind speed, angle of photovoltaic cell panel, time, position of sun and irradiation intensity, motor drive current, tracing movement extreme position state, be input to controller as real time status information;
Step 2: if be in tracing movement extreme position trigger state, then perform step 8, otherwise perform step 3;
Step 3: according to current wind speed and angle of photovoltaic cell panel, judge whether to need cell panel to tie, realize windproof protection, if wind speed exceedes set point, then meet and tie windproof action launching condition, then according to the deviation of current angle of photovoltaic cell panel distance level angle, generate motor and rotate to horizontal level instruction, perform step 9, otherwise perform step 4;
Step 4: according to current time, judgement is daytime or night, if then perform step 5 night, if then judge irradiation intensity daytime, if irradiation intensity does not exceed minimum set point, then performs step 5, otherwise performs step 6;
Step 5: according to the deviation of current angle of photovoltaic cell panel distance vertical angles, generate motor rotate instruction, perform step 9;
Step 6: if solar irradiation intensity does not exceed medium set point, according to the deviation of angle of photovoltaic cell panel and level angle, generates motor and rotates to horizontal level instruction, perform step 9, otherwise perform step 7;
Step 7: calculate position of sun according to current time, compare with the angle of photovoltaic battery panel, judge whether to need to follow the trail of the sun: angular deviation is less than follows the trail of action launching set point, return step 1, angular deviation is more than or equal to follows the trail of action launching set point, generate the instruction of motor rotary pursuit, perform step 9;
Step 8: stop performing and follow the trail of action, reported an error to centerized fusion device by communication network;
Step 9: motor driver carries out driving operation according to execution instruction to motor, if motor drive current is greater than set point, then performs step 8, otherwise, return step 1.
Invention increases the angle precision that photovoltaic battery panel follows the trail of the sun, improve the fail safe under mal-condition, improve reliability and stability, and then improve the energy output of photovoltaic battery panel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is each functional module connection diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is photovoltaic tracing control method flow chart.
Execution mode
As shown in Figure 1, photovoltaic tracking controller provided by the invention comprises air velocity transducer, position of sun and irradiation intensity transducer, motor drive current transducer, angle of photovoltaic cell panel transducer, tracing movement limit position sensor, motor driver, motor, controller, photovoltaic cell board mount, photovoltaic battery panel, tracking transmission mechanism, the annexation of each part is:
Described air velocity transducer is independently arranged on the position higher than photovoltaic battery panel, the interference of cell panel stop to measuring wind speed precision can be reduced like this, and be connected with controller by holding wire, air velocity transducer is for measuring the wind speed at scene, power station and being sent to controller by measuring the air speed value obtained, as whether, photovoltaic battery panel is tied the initial conditions of windproof action, if measured air speed value is greater than set point, such as 17 metre per second (m/s)s, then controller will send the windproof action command of photovoltaic battery panel, all cell panels are allowed to move to the angle being parallel to bottom surface, protect photovoltaic battery panel and support from the destruction of strong wind being parallel to ground to greatest extent.
Described position of sun and irradiation intensity transducer are arranged on photovoltaic cell board mount, carry out position of sun with photovoltaic battery panel and follow the trail of action, and be connected with controller by holding wire, and the position of sun detected and irradiation intensity numerical value are converted to electrical signal transfer to controller.The major function of position of sun and irradiation intensity transducer be detect the position of the sun, secondary function detects intensity of solar radiation, adopt many group photodiode circuit, the change of shade shielded area is reflected by the change of output resistance, thus judge the attitude at transducer place and the difference of actual position of sun, photodiode, can also resistance be made to change along with the change of intensity of solar radiation, these signals of telecommunication are delivered in controller and are carried out amplifying and calculation process, as the initial conditions whether adjusting tracking action.
Motor drive current transducer is directly installed in series in the power supply circuits of motor driver, and the magnetic field intensity responded to by Hall element judges whether drive current exceedes set point.If exceed set point; show that the driving resistance of motor is excessive; the rotary motion of photovoltaic battery panel may encounter resistance; if continue to rotate; not only likely motor damage; also likely make photovoltaic battery panel or transmission bracket be destroyed, drive current overload signal is passed to controller, the initial conditions of the actuating motor overload protection action as whether.
Described angle of photovoltaic cell panel transducer is arranged on photovoltaic cell board mount, and is connected with controller by holding wire, and angular transducer is for measuring the angle of photovoltaic battery panel and being converted to the signal of telecommunication and being sent to controller.Action is followed the trail of because angular transducer is arranged on to follow the trail of on support and carry out position of sun together with photovoltaic battery panel, therefore angular transducer is by measuring the angle of following the trail of support, obtain the angle of photovoltaic battery panel, in the present embodiment, angular transducer adopts inclinator potentiometer, by judging the voltage that potentiometer exports, just can know the turned position of potentiometer, because the angle value that different voltage is corresponding different, and in this, as judging the initial conditions whether angle of photovoltaic cell panel is correct.
Described tracing movement limit position sensor has two, be arranged on two extreme positions following the trail of transmission mechanism range of movement respectively, all be connected with controller by holding wire, electic protection effect can be played like this, if if namely the initial stroke of tracing movement exceedes this two extreme positions with end stroke, just likely there is mechanical failure, the present embodiment uses dry and hard point type travel switch as tracing movement limit position sensor, when following the trail of support motion to extreme position, the component of support will be depressed the mechanical contact of travel switch, interior contact reed just triggers, the on off operating mode of inner mechanical switch is changed, if transmission mechanism moves to extreme position and is triggered by position transducer, then transducer sends signal to controller, as the initial conditions stopping tracing movement.
Described motor driver is connected with motor with controller respectively, the effect of motor driver is to feeding electric motors or power-off according to the instruction of controller, realize the rotating campaign of motor and the Stroke Control of motion, the effect of motor is the electric energy conversion inputted by motor driver is mechanical energy, realize the power input of tracing movement, in the present embodiment, considering cost and startability, adopt direct current machine or stepping motor, also correspondingly determining according to motor type of motor driver, the driver that direct current machine configures, the DC driven module of pulse-width modulation can be used, also can use solid-state relay, mechanical contactor or relay, the driver that stepping motor configures, use the special purpose driver of stepping motor special chip and peripheral circuit composition, described motor respectively with motor driver with follow the trail of transmission mechanism and be connected, be mechanical rotation movement by electric energy conversion, realize tracing movement.
Controller adopts programmable logic controller (PLC) PLC or embedded controller, there is analog input and output point, number connect test point, network communication interface, logical operation and data processor, memory, be after control logic by setting Tracing Control flow chart programming, be stored in controller, described controller for receiving wind velocity signal, position of sun and irradiation intensity signal, motor driving current signals, angle of photovoltaic cell panel signal, and by communication line and communication module time of reception synchronizing signal.The position of sun calculated by astronomical ephemeris according to time signal and angle of photovoltaic cell panel are compared, also the physical location of the sun and the angular error of photovoltaic battery panel can be judged by position of sun and irradiation intensity signal, if error exceedes set point, then send trace instruction to motor drive module; If wind speed exceedes set point, then controller sends windproof protection instruction; If motor drive current is excessive, then controller sends and stops trace instruction to motor driver, the integrated treatment to the input signal such as wind speed, position of sun and radiation intensity, angle, current strength, position, judgement can be realized, thus send response instruction to the communication module of execution unit motor driver or information output part, make the actions such as motion or stop motion, warning or reporting information.
Described photovoltaic cell board mount has been connected to form the mechanical platform of tracing movement with tracking transmission mechanism, along with tracking transmission mechanism realizes solar tracking action or windproof protection act, be used for fixing photovoltaic battery panel on the one hand, angular transducer, position of sun and irradiation intensity transducer, on the other hand by the motion of transmission mechanism, make to realize photovoltaic battery panel and adjust attitude along with solar motion track, guarantee sunlight incident ray at any time perpendicular to cell panel surface, also can at the night that can not generate electricity, cloudy day or snow weather cell panel is holded up realize dust-proof, snow defence function, tie at strong wind weather and realize windproof defencive function, the function that 45 degree are tilted to realize cleaning attitude is carried out in the rainy day.The photovoltaic cell board mount that the present embodiment adopts is flat single shaft tracing system with following the trail of transmission mechanism, and column fixed angle single shaft tracing system, twin shaft tracing system, be different execution mode of the present invention.
Described tracking transmission mechanism one end connects motor, and the other end connects photovoltaic cell board mount, the rotary motion of motor can be converted to the solar tracking motion of photovoltaic cell board mount.
The communication module that the present embodiment adopts, use RS485 communication protocol, for ethernet communication, wireless self-networking communication, power line carrier, PLC, also belong to different embodiments of the invention, described communication module can be used for the information of controller to upload to Monitor Computer Control System by network.
See Fig. 2, photovoltaic tracing control method step of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1: obtain current wind speed, angle of photovoltaic cell panel, time, position of sun and irradiation intensity, motor drive current, tracing movement extreme position state, be input to controller as real time status information;
Step 2: if be in tracing movement extreme position trigger state, then perform step 8, otherwise perform step 3;
Step 3: according to current wind speed and angle of photovoltaic cell panel, judge whether to need cell panel to tie, realize windproof protection, if wind speed exceedes set point, then meet and tie windproof action launching condition, then according to the deviation of current angle of photovoltaic cell panel distance level angle, generate motor and rotate to horizontal level instruction, perform step 9, otherwise perform step 4;
Step 4: according to current time, judgement is daytime or night, if then perform step 5 night, if then judge irradiation intensity daytime, if irradiation intensity does not exceed minimum set point, then performs step 5, otherwise performs step 6;
Step 5: according to the deviation of current angle of photovoltaic cell panel distance vertical angles, generate motor rotate instruction, perform step 9;
Step 6: if solar irradiation intensity does not exceed medium set point, according to the deviation of angle of photovoltaic cell panel and level angle, generates motor and rotates to horizontal level instruction, perform step 9, otherwise perform step 7;
Step 7: calculate position of sun according to current time, compare with the angle of photovoltaic battery panel, judge whether to need to follow the trail of the sun: angular deviation is less than follows the trail of action launching set point, return step 1, angular deviation is more than or equal to follows the trail of action launching set point, generate the instruction of motor rotary pursuit, perform step 9;
Step 8: stop performing and follow the trail of action, reported an error to centerized fusion device by communication network;
Step 9: motor driver carries out driving operation according to execution instruction to motor, if motor drive current is greater than set point, then performs step 8, otherwise, return step 1.
Claims (6)
1. a photovoltaic tracking controller, it is characterized in that, it comprises air velocity transducer, position of sun and irradiation intensity transducer, motor drive current transducer, angle of photovoltaic cell panel transducer, tracing movement limit position sensor, motor driver, motor, controller, photovoltaic cell board mount, photovoltaic battery panel, follow the trail of transmission mechanism, described air velocity transducer is independently arranged on the position higher than photovoltaic battery panel and is connected with controller by holding wire, position of sun and irradiation intensity transducer to be arranged on photovoltaic cell board mount and to be connected with controller by holding wire, motor drive current transducer is arranged in the power supply circuits of motor driver and also will be connected with controller by holding wire, angle of photovoltaic cell panel transducer to be arranged on photovoltaic cell board mount and to be connected with controller by holding wire, tracing movement limit position sensor has two, be arranged on two extreme positions following the trail of transmission mechanism range of movement respectively to be also all connected with controller by holding wire, motor driver is connected with motor with controller respectively, motor respectively with motor driver with follow the trail of transmission mechanism and be connected, follow the trail of transmission mechanism one end and connect motor, the other end connects photovoltaic cell board mount, described controller is connected with communication module by communication line, controller is connected with Monitor Computer Control System by network by communication module.
2. controller according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described angle of photovoltaic cell panel transducer adopts inclinator potentiometer.
3. controller according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described controller adopts programmable logic controller (PLC) PLC or embedded controller.
4. controller according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described tracing movement limit position sensor is dry and hard point type travel switch.
5. controller according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described photovoltaic cell board mount is flat single shaft tracing system with following the trail of transmission mechanism, also can be any one in column fixed angle single shaft tracing system, twin shaft tracing system.
6. a photovoltaic tracing control method, it comprises the following steps:
Step 1: obtain current wind speed, angle of photovoltaic cell panel, time, position of sun and irradiation intensity, motor drive current, tracing movement extreme position state, be input to controller as real time status information;
Step 2: if be in tracing movement extreme position trigger state, then perform step 8, otherwise perform step 3;
Step 3: according to current wind speed and angle of photovoltaic cell panel, judge whether to need cell panel to tie, realize windproof protection, if wind speed exceedes set point, then meet and tie windproof action launching condition, then according to the deviation of current angle of photovoltaic cell panel distance level angle, generate motor and rotate to horizontal level instruction, perform step 9, otherwise perform step 4;
Step 4: according to current time, judgement is daytime or night, if then perform step 5 night, if then judge irradiation intensity daytime, if irradiation intensity does not exceed minimum set point, then performs step 5, otherwise performs step 6;
Step 5: according to the deviation of current angle of photovoltaic cell panel distance vertical angles, generate motor rotate instruction, perform step 9;
Step 6: if solar irradiation intensity does not exceed medium set point, according to the deviation of angle of photovoltaic cell panel and level angle, generates motor and rotates to horizontal level instruction, perform step 9, otherwise perform step 7;
Step 7: calculate position of sun according to current time, compare with the angle of photovoltaic battery panel, judge whether to need to follow the trail of the sun: angular deviation is less than follows the trail of action launching set point, return step 1, angular deviation is more than or equal to follows the trail of action launching set point, generate the instruction of motor rotary pursuit, perform step 9;
Step 8: stop performing and follow the trail of action, reported an error to centerized fusion device by communication network;
Step 9: motor driver carries out driving operation according to execution instruction to motor, if motor drive current is greater than set point, then performs step 8, otherwise, return step 1.
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| CN105634398A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-01 | 杭州品联科技有限公司 | Method for integrating solar photovoltaic intelligent control system |
| CN106527503A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-03-22 | 上能电气股份有限公司 | Solar cell panel laying device having tracking function and method |
| CN106843287A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-06-13 | 江苏溢美合创新能源科技有限公司 | The control method of photovoltaic tracking controller, system and photovoltaic tracing system |
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| CN105634398A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-01 | 杭州品联科技有限公司 | Method for integrating solar photovoltaic intelligent control system |
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