CN104600313A - High-capacity graphite composite material of lithium-ion battery and preparation method of composite material - Google Patents
High-capacity graphite composite material of lithium-ion battery and preparation method of composite material Download PDFInfo
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-capacity graphite composite material of a lithium-ion battery and a preparation method of the composite material. The high-capacity graphite composite material comprises two materials a and b, wherein a is highly graphitized particles, while b is secondary composite particles with core-shell structures; the secondary composite particles with the core-shell structures are prepared from natural graphite by virtue of impurity removal, spheroidization, coating and gluing; the weight ratio of a to b is 90:10 to 5:95. The high-capacity graphite composite material is produced by virtue of a high-temperature integrated coating, gluing and carbonizing process, and cooling; as a result, the graphite capacity is improved, the cost is reduced, and the problems of poor high-current charging/discharging performance and poor compaction performance of the graphite are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cathode of lithium battery electrode material preparation field, be specifically related to a kind of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The feature that lithium ion battery has that operating voltage is high, energy density is large, long service life, memory-less effect, self discharge are little, becomes the preferred power supply of current advanced electronic equipment.Along with people live variation, after wishing battery single charge, service time is long, and long service life, and the battery therefore needing to have more high power capacity and more long circulation life provides the energy for this equipment and device.
Lithium ion battery negative material, as the important component part of lithium ion battery, large on the battery capacity of battery, battery cycle life impact, be badly in need of the capacity, the cycle performance that improve negative material.
CN103094536A passes through with native graphite for main material, take pitch as the high power capacity composite graphite material of modification medium, making.This material remains the feature of native graphite high power capacity, improves the feature of native graphite cycle performance difference simultaneously.But owing to using the native graphite of individual particle, graphite granule is large, adds Lithium-ion embeding, deviates from path, pitch-coating amount is low simultaneously, thus the cycle performance of material still can not meet the more and more higher requirement of client, particularly slightly big current, as the circulation demand of 1C current charge-discharge.CN102110813A passes through meso-phase graphite and the Delanium mixing of pulverizing, and obtained capacity, compacted density are higher, and specific area is low, the material of big current good cycle.But due to the capacity of meso-phase graphite and Delanium, comparatively native graphite is low, so the capacity of composite material is difficult to do height.Meso-phase graphite and Delanium are all comparatively hard in addition, and compaction capacity is not good, and the pressure that actual needs is very large could improve compactness.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material for the problem of prior art, be intended to improve graphite capacity, reduce costs, and solve the not good problem of graphite large current density performance, compaction capacity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, comprise: a and b bi-material, wherein a is high-graphitized particle, b is the secondary composite particles of nucleocapsid structure, natural graphite nodule carries out the second particle of removal of impurities, spheroidization, coated, bonding nucleocapsid structure, and the weight ratio of a:b is 90:10-5:95.
The weight ratio of a:b is preferably 90:20-36:95; High power electrodes or the crucible material of described high-graphitized particle to be particle diameter be 2-20um, preferable particle size is high power electrodes or the crucible material of 15-20um.High power electrodes or crucible material are oily through-stone oil coke, coal measures petroleum coke is made.
The secondary composite particles of described nucleocapsid structure, its preparation method is: A, feed intake: natural graphite nodule, bonding agent and graphitization catalyst are thrown in rotary drum furnace, requires to feed in raw material in rotation limit, cylinder limit when feeding intake; Coated, bonding, the charring process of B, high temperature integrated: regulating rotation speed of drum 10-100Hz, heating in stove, heating schedule is: normal temperature to 200 DEG C 0.5-10 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 1-10 hour, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 1-10 hour, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hour; C, be cooled to normal temperature; The secondary composite particles of obtained nucleocapsid structure.
Natural graphite nodule, bonding agent and graphitization catalyst that each substance weight that feeds intake described in steps A ratio is 50%-100%:5%-30%:1%-5%; Natural graphite nodule particle diameter is 2-15um;
Natural graphite nodule particle diameter is preferably 7-13um; Described binding agent be pitch, coal tar, resin one or more; Binding agent particle diameter is below 100um, is preferably below 15um; Described graphitization catalyst is silicon, iron, the oxide of tin or the carbide that this area is commonly used, and is preferably SiO2, SiC, Fe2O3, SnO2 one or more.
A preparation method for lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, comprises a, feeds intake: the secondary composite particles of high-graphitized particle, nucleocapsid structure, bonding agent are thrown in reactor, requires to feed in raw material while stirring when feeding intake; Coated, bonding, the charring process of b, high temperature integrated: regulate speed of agitator 10-100Hz, heating in stove, heating schedule is: normal temperature to 200 DEG C 0.5-10 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 1-10 hour, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 1-10 hour, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hour; Bonding agent is in temperature-rise period, and experience is softening, the process of melting, in conjunction with whipping process, realize high-graphitized particle, nucleocapsid structure the secondary of secondary composite particles coated, the mutual compound sticking of above two class particle, forms composite particles; Again through 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hour, achieve the charing of bonding agent, solidification, composite particles is shaping; C, be cooled to normal temperature; D, inert atmosphere protection high temperature carbonization technique: under inert gas shielding, normal temperature to 1100 DEG C 0.5-24 hour, 1100 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hour, realize high temperature carbonization process, obtained lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material of the present invention.
Described step a feeds intake, and the secondary composite particles of high-graphitized particle, nucleocapsid structure and each substance weight of bonding agent are than being 5%-90%:10%-95%:1%-5%.
A kind of anode plate for lithium ionic cell, its preparation method is: the conductive solvent of the lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material of 90-95 weight portion, the binding agent of 1-5 weight portion and 1-5 weight portion is by being mixed to get slurry, the slurry obtained is coated on Copper Foil, dry 5-24h, then Kun pressure and section, obtain anode plate for lithium ionic cell.
The weight ratio of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, binding agent and conductive solvent is 96:2:2; Described binding agent is Kynoar; Conductive solvent is 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, one of employing raw material of the present invention is the high-graphitized material such as electrode, crucible, and thus the capacity of this particle is high, and cost is low, and is Delanium, good cycle; Two of raw material of the present invention is secondary composite particles that natural graphite nodule is obtained by coated, bonding, charing, graphitization simultaneously, same through coated, charring process, shell is amorphous carbon layer, play the object of protection native graphite, improve the compatibility of graphite surface and electrolyte, the high rate during charging-discharging that simultaneously improve material is good;
2, the method that rotation limit, cylinder limit is reinforced is adopted in the present invention, the mixed effect of graphite, bonding agent and graphitization catalyst can be improved, allow three mix fully, be beneficial to coated to graphite of bonding agent and graphitization catalyst, bonding agent and graphitization catalyst coated evenly effectively;
3, the present invention adopts coated, bonding, the charring process of high temperature integrated also can select other conventional methods of this area.The present invention by heating mediate make particle diameter less nucleocapsid structure primary particle institute bonding one-tenth composite graphite particles surface one way or another arrange, there is high isotropism feature, add graphite internal void simultaneously; Lithium ion can be moved to several direction, and be beneficial to electrolyte and infiltrate, form more lithium ion mobility passages, migration path is shorter, improves graphite large current density, cryogenic property.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is scanning electron microscopy (SEM) figure of the composite graphite particles according to the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation; Fig. 2 is the button cell charging and discharging curve figure of the composite graphite particles according to the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation.
Embodiment
The further detailed description the present invention of following examples, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Selecting the high power electrodes material of degree of graphitization about 94%, is the particle of 16um by mechanical crushing, obtained high-graphitized particle.
Natural graphite particles (D5011um) 222.5kg, coal tar pitch (D5010um) 25kg and graphitization catalyst SiC 2.5kg are thrown in rotary drum furnace, and when feeding intake, feed in raw material in rotation limit, cylinder limit, feeds intake after terminating and carry out heating kneading.Regulating rotation speed of drum 30Hz, heating schedule is: normal temperature to 200 DEG C 1 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 3 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 3 hours, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours.Be cooled to normal temperature.The secondary composite particles (D5016.0um) of obtained nucleocapsid structure.
The secondary composite particles 89kg of above high-graphitized particle 10kg, nucleocapsid structure, coal tar pitch (D508um) 1kg are thrown in reactor, feeds in raw material while stirring when feeding intake, feed intake after terminating and heat.Adjusting rotary speed 25Hz, heating schedule is: normal temperature to 200 DEG C 0.5 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 2.5 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 3 hours, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1.5 hours.Be cooled to normal temperature.Obtained composite particles (D5018.0um).
Last in 3000 DEG C of graphitization processing, draw composite graphite material, capacity 363mAh/g, efficiency 92.4%.
Embodiment 2:
Selecting the crucible material of degree of graphitization about 93%, is the particle of 17um by mechanical crushing, obtained high-graphitized particle.
Natural graphite particles (D5010um) 225kg, coal tar pitch (D5010um) 26kg and graphitization catalyst SiC 2.8kg are thrown in rotary drum furnace, and when feeding intake, feed in raw material in rotation limit, cylinder limit, feeds intake after terminating and carry out heating kneading.Regulating rotation speed of drum 30Hz, heating schedule is: normal temperature to 200 DEG C 1.5 hours, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 3 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 3.5 hours, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 3 hours.Be cooled to normal temperature, the secondary composite particles of obtained nucleocapsid structure.
The secondary composite particles 69kg of above high-graphitized particle 30kg, nucleocapsid structure, coal tar pitch (D508um) 1kg are thrown in reactor, feeds in raw material while stirring when feeding intake, feed intake after terminating and heat.Adjusting rotary speed 25Hz, heating schedule is: normal temperature to 200 DEG C 1 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 3 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 3 hours, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours.Be cooled to normal temperature.Again in the lower 1000 DEG C of charing process of nitrogen atmosphere.
Last in 3000 DEG C of graphitization processing, obtained composite graphite particles (D5016.0um), capacity 361mAh/g, efficiency 93.0%.
Comparative example 1:
Native graphite (D5011um) 222.5kg, coal tar pitch (D5010um) 25kg and graphitization catalyst SiC 2.5kg are thrown in rotary drum furnace, and when feeding intake, feed in raw material in rotation limit, cylinder limit, feeds intake after terminating and carry out heating kneading.Regulating rotation speed of drum 30Hz, heating schedule is: normal temperature to 200 DEG C 1 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 3 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 3 hours, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours.Be cooled to normal temperature.Again in 3000 DEG C of graphitization processing.After gained graphitization, material sieves, and removes bulky grain with 250 eye mesh screens, obtained composite graphite particles (D5017.0um), capacity 360mAh/g, efficiency 92.1%.
Comparative example 2:
High power electrodes material is crushed to D5018um, then in 3000 DEG C of graphitization processing, an obtained graphite granule.Capacity 348mAh/g, efficiency 87.0%.
Performance test:
Respectively to the graphite of above-described embodiment and comparative example gained, and Kynoar is as bonding agent, and conduction charcoal, with the ratio of 93:6:1, take 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE as solvent, the slurry of slurrying, is coated on Copper Foil, dries obtained negative plate; Positive pole cobalt acid lithium, and Kynoar is as bonding agent, and conduction charcoal, with the ratio of 96:2:2, take 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE as solvent, the slurry of slurrying, is coated on aluminium foil, dries obtained positive plate; Together with being wound on barrier film with superior pole piece, being assembled into the naked battery core of cylinder, entering shell, fluid injection subsequently, encapsulation, activation, makes cylinder 18650 battery core.
Simultaneously respectively to the cathode pole piece of the admixed graphite of above-described embodiment and comparative example gained to carry out roll-in under 2.5MPa pressure, test thickness after its roll-in, calculate graphite compacted density.
Be made into button cell in the negative plate of the admixed graphite of above-described embodiment and comparative example gained and lithium sheet and glove box by normal process respectively, test material gram volume and efficiency first simultaneously.
More than test each performance in table 1:
Table 1. material electrochemical and processing characteristics test result:
Be there is by the composite graphite material that two class secondary material compounds are obtained the characteristic of high power capacity, high-pressure solid, high magnification, cycle performance excellence, be applicable to the lithium rechargeable battery of high power capacity, long circulation life demand.Material first discharge capacity reaches 361-363mAh/g, initial coulomb efficiency 92.4%-93.0%; The constant current capacity ratio that particularly charges obviously is better than comparative example, 1C charging constant current Capacity Ratio 93.5%-93.6%, 1C/1C 500 weeks circulation conservation rates more than 90.0%.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably execution mode; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, comprise: a and b bi-material, wherein a is high-graphitized particle, b is the secondary composite particles of nucleocapsid structure, the secondary composite particles of described nucleocapsid mechanism is that natural graphite nodule carries out removal of impurities, spheroidization, coated, bondingly to form, and the weight ratio of a:b is 90:10-5:95.
2. lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material according to claim 1, the weight ratio of a:b is 90:20-36:95; High power electrodes or the crucible material of described high-graphitized particle to be particle diameter be 2-20um.
3. lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material according to claim 1, the secondary composite particles of described nucleocapsid structure, its preparation method is: A, feed intake: natural graphite nodule, bonding agent and graphitization catalyst are thrown in rotary drum furnace, requires to feed in raw material in rotation limit, cylinder limit when feeding intake; Coated, bonding, the charring process of B, high temperature integrated: regulating rotation speed of drum 10-100Hz, heating in stove, heating schedule is: normal temperature to 200 DEG C 0.5-10 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 1-10 hour, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 1-10 hour, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hour; C, be cooled to normal temperature; The secondary composite particles of obtained nucleocapsid structure.
4. lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material according to claim 3, natural graphite nodule, bonding agent and graphitization catalyst that each substance weight that feeds intake described in steps A ratio is 50%-100%:5%-30%:1%-5%; Natural graphite nodule particle diameter is 2-15um.
5. lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material according to claim 4, natural graphite nodule particle diameter is 7-13um; Described binding agent be pitch, coal tar, resin one or more; Described graphitization catalyst is silicon, iron, the oxide of tin or the carbide that this area is commonly used.
6. a preparation method for lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, comprises a, feeds intake: the secondary composite particles of high-graphitized particle, nucleocapsid structure, bonding agent are thrown in reactor, requires to feed in raw material while stirring when feeding intake; Coated, bonding, the charring process of b, high temperature integrated: regulate speed of agitator 10-100Hz, heating in stove, heating schedule is: normal temperature to 200 DEG C 0.5-10 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 1-10 hour, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 1-10 hour, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hour; Bonding agent is in temperature-rise period, and experience is softening, the process of melting, in conjunction with whipping process, realize high-graphitized particle, nucleocapsid structure the secondary of secondary composite particles coated, the mutual compound sticking of above two class particle, forms composite particles; Again through 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hour, achieve the charing of bonding agent, solidification, composite particles is shaping; C, be cooled to normal temperature; D, inert atmosphere protection high temperature carbonization technique: under inert gas shielding; normal temperature to 1100 DEG C 0.5-24 hour; 1100 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hour, realize high temperature carbonization process, obtained lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material described in any one of claim 1-5.
7. the preparation method of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material according to claim 6, described step a feeds intake, and the secondary composite particles of high-graphitized particle, nucleocapsid structure and each substance weight of bonding agent are than being 5%-90%:10%-95%:1%-5%.
8. an anode plate for lithium ionic cell, its preparation method for: the conductive solvent of the lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material described in any one of claim 1-5 of 90-95 weight portion, the binding agent of 1-5 weight portion and 1-5 weight portion is by being mixed to get slurry, the slurry obtained is coated on Copper Foil, dry 5-24h, then Kun pressure and section, obtain anode plate for lithium ionic cell.
9. anode plate for lithium ionic cell according to claim 8, the weight ratio of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, binding agent and conductive solvent is 96:2:2; Described binding agent is Kynoar; Conductive solvent is 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE.
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| CN105244485A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-13 | 东莞市凯金新能源科技有限公司 | High capacity and high magnification composite graphite material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN105390673A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-03-09 | 东莞市凯金新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of high-capacity and low-resilience graphite anode material for lithium-ion battery |
| CN106099079A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-09 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Secondary battery negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and battery containing negative electrode material |
| CN107871854A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-03 | 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery second particle |
| CN108206268A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Negative material and preparation method thereof, cathode pole piece and lithium ion battery |
| CN108565417A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-09-21 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109503166A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-03-22 | 东莞市凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of flatbed lithium ion battery graphite cathode material and preparation method |
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| CN105244485A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-13 | 东莞市凯金新能源科技有限公司 | High capacity and high magnification composite graphite material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN105390673A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-03-09 | 东莞市凯金新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of high-capacity and low-resilience graphite anode material for lithium-ion battery |
| CN105390673B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-09-07 | 东莞市凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of lithium ion cell high-capacity low bounce-back graphite cathode material |
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| CN108565417B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-09-29 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | Lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108565417A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-09-21 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109503166A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-03-22 | 东莞市凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of flatbed lithium ion battery graphite cathode material and preparation method |
| CN109503166B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2021-07-23 | 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 | Graphite cathode material for platform type lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN114203979B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2024-05-17 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | Graphite negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113488635A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-10-08 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | Isotropic heat treatment negative electrode material coating method and preparation method of long-cycle negative electrode material |
| CN114141993A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-04 | 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 | Processing technology of composite modified graphite negative electrode with good cycling stability |
| CN114141993B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2024-05-03 | 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 | Processing technology of composite modified graphite negative electrode with good cycle stability |
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| CN114213126B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-12-02 | 格龙新材料科技(常州)有限公司 | Preparation method of high-capacity high-compaction-density graphite composite material |
| CN115117355A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-09-27 | 湖南金阳烯碳新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of negative electrode material for secondary battery |
| CN115117355B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-11-15 | 湖南金阳烯碳新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of negative electrode material for secondary battery |
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