CN104600313B - A kind of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material and preparation method thereof, including：Two kinds of materials of a and b, wherein a is high-graphitized particle, and b is the secondary composite particles of core shell structure, and natural graphite nodule carries out removal of impurities, spheroidization, cladding, the second particle of the core shell structure of bonding, a：B weight ratio is 90:10‑5:95.By the cladding, bonding, charring process of high temperature integrated, and cooling is made, and improves graphite capacity, reduces cost, and solves graphite large current density performance, the problem of compaction capacity is not good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cathode of lithium battery electrode material preparation field, and in particular to a kind of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite
Composite and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has big operating voltage height, energy density, service life length, memory-less effect, self discharge small
Feature, as the preferred power supply of currently advanced electronic equipment.As people live diversified, it is desirable to used after battery single charge
Time is long, and service life is long, it is therefore desirable to which the battery with higher capacity and more long circulation life is this equipment and device
The energy is provided.
Lithium ion battery negative material, as the important component of lithium ion battery, battery capacity, battery to battery
Cycle life influence is big, is badly in need of improving capacity, the cycle performance of negative material.
CN103094536A is by using native graphite as main material, using pitch as modification medium, the high power capacity composite stone of making
Ink material.The characteristics of material remains native graphite high power capacity, while improving the characteristics of native graphite cycle performance is poor.But
Due to using the native graphite of individual particle, graphite particle is big, Lithium-ion embeding, abjection path is added, while pitch bag
The amount of covering is low, thus the cycle performance of material can not still meet the higher and higher requirement of client, such as particularly slightly larger electric current, 1C electric currents
The circulation demand of charge and discharge.CN102110813A is mixed by the meso-phase graphite and Delanium of crushing, and obtained capacity, compacting are close
Degree is higher, and specific surface area is low, the material of high current good cycle.But because the capacity of meso-phase graphite and Delanium is compared with day
Right graphite is low, so the capacity of mixing material is difficult to do height.Other meso-phase graphite and Delanium are all harder, and compaction capacity is not
Good, compactness could be improved by being actually needed very big pressure.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material for problem of the prior art,
It is intended to improve graphite capacity, reduces cost, and solves graphite large current density performance, the problem of compaction capacity is not good.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, including：Two kinds of materials of a and b, wherein a is high-graphitized
Particle, b is the secondary composite particles of core shell structure, and natural graphite nodule carries out removal of impurities, spheroidization, cladding, the nucleocapsid of bonding
The second particle of structure, a：B weight ratio is 90:10-5:95.
a：B weight ratio preferably 90:20-36:95；The high-graphitized particle is the high power that particle diameter is 2-20um
Electrode or crucible material, high power electrodes or crucible material that preferable particle size is 15-20um.High power electrodes or crucible material are
Oily through-stone oil coke, coal measures petroleum coke are made.
The secondary composite particles of the core shell structure, its preparation method is：A, feed intake：Natural graphite nodule, bonding agent and
Graphitization catalyst is thrown to rotary drum furnace, requires that roller feeds in rotation when feeding intake；B, the cladding of high temperature integrated, bonding,
Charring process：Heated in regulating rotation speed of drum 10-100Hz, stove, heating schedule is：Normal temperature to 200 DEG C 0.5-10 hours, 200 DEG C
To 400 DEG C 1-10 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 1-10 hours, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hours；C, it is cooled to normal temperature；Nucleocapsid is made
The secondary composite particles of structure.
Each substance weight ratio that fed intake described in step A is 50%-100%:5%-30%：It is 1%-5% natural graphite nodule, viscous
Connect agent and graphitization catalyst；Natural graphite nodule particle diameter is 2-15um；
Natural graphite nodule particle diameter is preferably 7-13um；The binding agent be pitch, coal tar, resin it is one or more of；
Binding agent particle diameter is below 100um, preferably below 15um；The graphitization catalyst is silicon commonly used in the art, iron, tin
Oxide or carbide, preferably SiO2, SiC, Fe2O3, SnO2 it is one or more of.
A kind of preparation method of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, including a, feed intake：High-graphitized
Grain, secondary composite particles, the bonding agent of core shell structure are thrown to reactor, require to feed while stirring when feeding intake；B, high temperature one
The cladding of body, bonding, charring process：Adjust in speed of agitator 10-100Hz, stove and heat, heating schedule is：Normal temperature is to 200 DEG C
0.5-10 hours, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 1-10 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 1-10 hours, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hours；Bonding agent
In temperature-rise period, experience softening, the process of melting, with reference to whipping process, realize high-graphitized particle, the two of core shell structure
The secondary cladding of secondary composite particles, the mutual compound sticking of class particle of the above two forms composite particles；Again by 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1-
10 hours, realize charing, the solidification of bonding agent, composite particles shaping；C, it is cooled to normal temperature；D, inert atmosphere protection pyrocarbon
Chemical industry skill：Under inert gas shielding, normal temperature to 1100 DEG C 0.5-24 hours, 1100 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hours realizes high temperature carbonization
Processing, is made lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material of the present invention.
The step a feeds intake, high-graphitized particle, the secondary composite particles of core shell structure and each substance weight of bonding agent
Than for 5%-90%:10%-95%：1%-5%.
A kind of anode plate for lithium ionic cell, its preparation method is：The lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite of 90-95 parts by weight is answered
The conductive solvent of condensation material, the binding agent of 1-5 parts by weight and 1-5 parts by weight coats obtained slurry by slurry is mixed to get
On copper foil, 5-24h is dried, then Kun pressures and section, obtain anode plate for lithium ionic cell.
The weight ratio of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, binding agent and conductive solvent is 96:2:2；It is described viscous
Knot agent is Kynoar；Conductive solvent is 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE.
The advantage of the invention is that：
1st, one of use raw material of the invention is the materials such as high-graphitized electrode, crucible, thus the capacity of the particle
Height, cost is low, and is Delanium, good cycle；The two of raw material of the present invention are natural graphite nodules by coating, gluing simultaneously
Connect, carbonize, secondary composite particles made from graphitization, also pass through cladding, charring process, shell is amorphous carbon layer, is played
The purpose of native graphite is protected, the compatibility of graphite surface and electrolyte is improved, while improving the high current charge-discharge of material
Performance is good；
2nd, the method fed in the present invention using roller in rotation, can improve graphite, bonding agent and graphitization catalysis
The mixed effect of agent, makes three's mixing abundant, beneficial to the cladding of bonding agent and graphitization catalyst to graphite, bonding agent and graphite
Change catalyst cladding evenly effective；
3rd, the present invention can also select other routine sides of this area using the cladding, bonding, charring process of high temperature integrated
Method.The present invention makes the less core shell structure primary particle of particle diameter on the composite graphite particles surface being bonded by heating to mediate
One way or another is arranged, with high isotropism feature, while adding graphite internal void；Lithium ion allow to several
Individual direction motion, infiltrates beneficial to electrolyte, forms more lithium ion mobility passages, migration path is shorter, improves the big electricity of graphite
Flow charge and discharge, cryogenic property.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is SEM (SEM) figure of the composite graphite particles prepared according to the embodiment of the present invention 1；Fig. 2 is
The button cell charging and discharging curve figure of according to embodiments of the present invention 1 composite graphite particles prepared.
Embodiment
The further details of explanation present invention of following examples, but the invention is not limited in this embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
From the high power electrodes material of degree of graphitization 94% or so, by the particle that mechanical crushing is 16um, height is made
Graphitization particle.
Natural graphite particles (D5011um) 222.5kg, coal tar pitch (D5010um) 25kg and graphitization catalyst SiC
2.5kg is thrown to rotary drum furnace, and roller feeds in rotation when feeding intake, and heating kneading is carried out after the end that feeds intake.Regulating rotation speed of drum
30Hz, heating schedule is：Normal temperature to 200 DEG C 1 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 3 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 3 hours, 600 DEG C of perseverances
Temperature 2 hours.It is cooled to normal temperature.The secondary composite particles (D5016.0um) of core shell structure are made.
Level above graphitization particle 10kg, the secondary composite particles 89kg of core shell structure, coal tar pitch (D508um) 1kg
Throw to reactor, fed while stirring when feeding intake, heated after the end that feeds intake.Rotating speed 25Hz is adjusted, heating schedule is：Often
Temperature to 200 DEG C 0.5 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 2.5 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 3 hours, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1.5 hours.Cooling
To normal temperature.Composite particles (D5018.0um) are made.
Most after 3000 DEG C of graphitization processings, composite graphite material, capacity 363mAh/g, efficiency 92.4% are drawn.
Embodiment 2：
From the crucible material of degree of graphitization 93% or so, by the particle that mechanical crushing is 17um, it is made high-graphitized
Particle.
Natural graphite particles (D5010um) 225kg, coal tar pitch (D5010um) 26kg and graphitization catalyst SiC
2.8kg is thrown to rotary drum furnace, and roller feeds in rotation when feeding intake, and heating kneading is carried out after the end that feeds intake.Regulating rotation speed of drum
30Hz, heating schedule is：Normal temperature to 200 DEG C 1.5 hours, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 3 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 3.5 hours, 600
DEG C constant temperature 3 hours.Normal temperature is cooled to, the secondary composite particles of core shell structure are made.
Level above graphitization particle 30kg, the secondary composite particles 69kg of core shell structure, coal tar pitch (D508um) 1kg
Throw to reactor, fed while stirring when feeding intake, heated after the end that feeds intake.Rotating speed 25Hz is adjusted, heating schedule is：Often
Temperature to 200 DEG C 1 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 3 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 3 hours, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours.It is cooled to normal temperature.
Then at the lower 1000 DEG C of charing process of nitrogen atmosphere.
Most after 3000 DEG C of graphitization processings, composite graphite particles (D5016.0um), capacity 361mAh/g, efficiency are made
93.0%.
Comparative example 1：
Native graphite (D5011um) 222.5kg, coal tar pitch (D5010um) 25kg and graphitization catalyst SiC 2.5kg
Throw to rotary drum furnace, roller feeds in rotation when feeding intake, heating kneading is carried out after the end that feeds intake.Regulating rotation speed of drum 30Hz,
Heating schedule is：Normal temperature to 200 DEG C 1 hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 3 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 3 hours, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 2 are small
When.It is cooled to normal temperature.Then at 3000 DEG C of graphitization processings.Material is sieved after gained graphitization, is removed with 250 eye mesh screens big
Particle, is made composite graphite particles (D5017.0um), capacity 360mAh/g, efficiency 92.1%.
Comparative example 2：
High power electrodes feed powder is broken to D5018um, then at 3000 DEG C of graphitization processings, a graphite particle is made.Hold
Measure 348mAh/g, efficiency 87.0%.
Performance test：
Respectively to the graphite obtained by above-described embodiment and comparative example, and Kynoar is as bonding agent, and conductive charcoal is with 93:
6:1 ratio, using 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE as solvent, the slurry of slurrying, is coated on copper foil, and negative plate is made in drying；Positive pole
Cobalt acid lithium, and Kynoar is as bonding agent, conductive charcoal is with 96:2:2 ratio, using 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE as solvent, system
The slurry of slurry, it is coated on aluminium foil, positive plate is made in drying；Together with being wound with superior pole piece with barrier film, cylinder is assembled into
Naked battery core, then enters shell, fluid injection, encapsulates, and the battery core of cylinder 18650 is made in activation.
Simultaneously respectively to the cathode pole piece of the admixed graphite obtained by above-described embodiment and comparative example with 2.5MPa pressure simultaneously
Roll-in is carried out, thickness after its roll-in is tested, graphite compacted density is calculated.
Simultaneously respectively to the negative plate and lithium piece of the admixed graphite obtained by above-described embodiment and comparative example with being pressed in glove box
Normal process is fabricated to button cell, test material gram volume and efficiency first.
Each performance is tested above is shown in Table 1：
The material electrochemical of table 1. and processing characteristics test result：
By the way that the compound obtained composite graphite material of two class secondary materials is had high power capacity, high-pressure solid, high magnification, circulation
The characteristic of excellent performance, is adapted to high power capacity, the lithium rechargeable battery of long circulation life demand.Discharge capacity reaches material first
361-363mAh/g, initial coulomb efficiency 92.4%-93.0%；Particularly charging constant current capacity ratio is substantially better than comparative example,
500 weeks circulation conservation rates more than 90.0% of 1C charging constant current Capacity Ratios 93.5%-93.6%, 1C/1C.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment of the invention
Limitation, other any Spirit Essences without departing from the present invention and the change made under principle, modification, replacement, combine, simplification,
Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, including a, feed intake：High-graphitized particle,
Secondary composite particles, the binding agent of core shell structure are thrown to reactor, require to feed while stirring when feeding intake；B, high temperature integrated
Coat, bond, charring process：Adjust in speed of agitator 10-100Hz, stove and heat, heating schedule is：Normal temperature is to 200 DEG C of 0.5-
10 hours, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 1-10 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 1-10 hours, binding agent in temperature-rise period, experience softening,
The process of melting, with reference to whipping process, realizes high-graphitized particle, the secondary cladding of the secondary composite particles of core shell structure,
The mutual compoiste adhering of class particle of the above two, forms composite particles；Again by 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hours, binding agent is realized
Charing, solidification, composite particles shaping；C, it is cooled to normal temperature；D, inert atmosphere protection high temperature carbonization technique：Inert gas shielding
Under, normal temperature to 1100 DEG C 0.5-24 hours, 1100 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hours realizes that high temperature carbonization is handled, lithium ion battery is made
High power capacity graphite composite material；The secondary composite particles of the core shell structure, its preparation method is：A, feed intake：Native graphite
Ball, binding agent and graphitization catalyst are thrown to rotary drum furnace, require that roller feeds in rotation when feeding intake；B, high temperature integrated
Cladding, bonding, charring process：Heated in regulating rotation speed of drum 10-100Hz, stove, heating schedule is：Normal temperature is to 200 DEG C of 0.5-10
Hour, 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C 1-10 hours, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C 1-10 hours, 600 DEG C of constant temperature 1-10 hours；C, be cooled to often
Temperature；The secondary composite particles of core shell structure are made.
2. a kind of preparation method of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material is obtained as described in claim 1 any one
A kind of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, the secondary composite particles of the core shell structure are removed for natural graphite nodule
After miscellaneous, spheroidization, cladding, bonding are formed, a：B weight ratio is 90:10-5:95.
3. lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material according to claim 2, a：B weight ratio is 90:20-36:
95；The high-graphitized particle is the high power electrodes or crucible material that particle diameter is 2-20um.
4. lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material according to claim 1, natural graphite nodule particle diameter is 7-13um；
The binding agent be pitch, coal tar, resin it is one or more of；The graphitization catalyst be silicon, iron, the oxide of tin or
Carbide.
5. a kind of anode plate for lithium ionic cell, its preparation method is：Described in the claim any one of 1-4 of 90-95 parts by weight
The conductive agent solubilizer of lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, the binding agent of 1-5 parts by weight and 1-5 parts by weight is mixed
To slurry, obtained slurry is coated on copper foil, 5-24h is dried, then roll-in and section, obtain negative electrode of lithium ion battery
Piece.
6. anode plate for lithium ionic cell according to claim 5, lithium ion cell high-capacity graphite composite material, binding agent
Weight ratio with conductive agent is 96:2:2；The binding agent is Kynoar；Solvent is 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE.
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| CN105244485A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-13 | 东莞市凯金新能源科技有限公司 | High capacity and high magnification composite graphite material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN105390673B (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-09-07 | 东莞市凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of lithium ion cell high-capacity low bounce-back graphite cathode material |
| CN106099079A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-09 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Secondary battery negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and battery containing negative electrode material |
| CN107871854A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-03 | 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery second particle |
| CN108206268A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Negative material and preparation method thereof, cathode pole piece and lithium ion battery |
| CN108565417B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-09-29 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | Lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109503166B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2021-07-23 | 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 | Graphite cathode material for platform type lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN113488635B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2023-01-13 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | Isotropic heat treatment negative electrode material coating method and preparation method of long-cycle negative electrode material |
| CN114141993B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2024-05-03 | 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 | Processing technology of composite modified graphite negative electrode with good cycle stability |
| CN114213126B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-12-02 | 格龙新材料科技(常州)有限公司 | Preparation method of high-capacity high-compaction-density graphite composite material |
| CN115117355B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-11-15 | 湖南金阳烯碳新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of negative electrode material for secondary battery |
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