CN104594308A - Pressure sudden expansion and sudden fall circular jet flow energy dissipater - Google Patents
Pressure sudden expansion and sudden fall circular jet flow energy dissipater Download PDFInfo
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- CN104594308A CN104594308A CN201510018053.0A CN201510018053A CN104594308A CN 104594308 A CN104594308 A CN 104594308A CN 201510018053 A CN201510018053 A CN 201510018053A CN 104594308 A CN104594308 A CN 104594308A
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- absorption basin
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- energy dissipater
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure sudden expansion and sudden fall circular jet flow energy dissipater, which comprises a first transition section, a rectangular sluice chamber section and a stilling pool which are jointed with a pressure flood discharging tunnel, and is structurally characterized by comprising a second transition section and an equal hole diameter circular pipe section; the first transition section, the rectangular sluice chamber section, the second transition section, the equal hole diameter circular pipe section and the stilling pool are jointed and connected in sequence; the hole diameter of the equal hole diameter circular pipe section meets the inequation that 0.2B is smaller than d and d is smaller than 0.9B, wherein d is the hole diameter of the equal hole diameter circular pipe section, and B is the minimum width of the bottom of the stilling pool; the backward step height S after the equal hole diameter circular pipe section is jointed with the stilling pool meets the inequation that 0.6d is smaller than S and S is smaller than 3.3d; the relationship between the backward step height S and the downstream water depth ht of the stilling pool is that 2 is smaller than ht/S and ht/S is smaller than 5. The maximum bottom flow speed of the stilling pool can be reduced by more than 50% in comparison with the rectangular outlet, the air entrainment concentration can be greatly improved, and the possibility that flow is subjected to cavitation and cavitation erosion can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flood-discharge energy-dissipating technical field in Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, particularly a kind of energy dissipater having pressure flood discharge hole outlet flood-discharge energy-dissipating for high water head.
Background technology
During high head water power plant is built, utilize the engineering of flood discharging tunnel flood discharge comparatively general, after flood discharging tunnel, absorption basin is set usually, has the energy dissipation mode of pressure flood discharging tunnel and absorption basin joining place water export particularly important, because this is related to the safety of force reduction pool bottom and abutment wall and stablizes.The conventional pressure flood discharging tunnel that has is provided with rectangle lock chamber section and linkage section between itself and absorption basin, have pressure flood discharging tunnel in current successively by rectangle lock chamber section, linkage section enters absorption basin, but linkage section outlet mostly is rectangular outlet (being called for short rectangular outlet energy dissipater), this kind of rectangular outlet energy dissipater when exit velocity comparatively large (especially exit velocity is more than 20m/s) time, easily cause bottom absorption basin excessive with abutment wall flow velocity, cause force reduction pool bottom unstable failure, moreover, absorption basin abutment wall flow cavitation number is little, aeration concentrater is low, thus in absorption basin, very likely there is cavitation destruction.Even adopt the rectangular outlet of sudden enlargement and sudden, the problem that absorption basin bottom velocity is large and absorption basin abutment wall flow cavitation number is little fundamentally can not be solved.In addition, in rectangular outlet energy dissipater, absorption basin is generally symmetrical absorption basin, and it uses the restriction being subject to landform.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a kind of sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater, facing the end and facing limit flow velocity of absorption basin is entered to reduce current, reduce the erosion damage to force reduction pool bottom and abutment wall, improve the flow cavitation number of abutment wall High Velocity Area, improve the Cavitation Characteristics of base plate and abutment wall, and expand the scope of application.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater, comprise and have First Transition section, rectangle lock chamber section, the absorption basin of pressing flood discharging tunnel to be connected, its design feature is also to comprise the second changeover portion and equal aperture pipe section, and described First Transition section, rectangle lock chamber section, the second changeover portion, equal aperture pipe section are connected successively with absorption basin and are connected;
The flowing hole shape of described second changeover portion fades to circle to downstream by rectangle from upstream extremity, the rectangle flowing hole of the upstream extremity end of this second changeover portion and the flowing hole of described rectangle lock chamber section downstream measure-alike, the circular flowing hole of the downstream end of this second changeover portion is identical with the aperture of described equal aperture pipe section;
The aperture of described equal aperture pipe section should meet following inequality: 0.2 B <d <0.9 B, and d is the aperture of equal aperture pipe section, and B is minimum widith bottom absorption basin;
Step height S after described equal aperture pipe section is connected with absorption basin meets following inequality: 0.6d<S<3.3d, d are the aperture of equal aperture pipe section, and S is step height;
The pass of described step height S and absorption basin downstream water depth ht is: 2<ht/S<5.
Thus, above-mentioned sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater, can form metastable fluidised form in absorption basin.
Be below to further improved technical scheme of the present invention:
Preferably, the aperture of the scope of the length L2 of described second changeover portion to be 2d ~ 3d, d be equal aperture pipe section.
Preferably, the aperture of the scope of the length L3 of described equal aperture pipe section to be 1d ~ 8d, d be equal aperture pipe section.
Preferably, the cross sectional area Ac of the circular flowing hole in described second changeover portion downstream end is less than the cross sectional area Ar of its upstream extremity end rectangle flowing hole.Further preferably, 0.8<Ac/Ar<1.
Preferably, the delivery port of described absorption basin is connected with overflow weir and is connected.
Preferably, described absorption basin is that bottom width is greater than the symmetry in equal aperture pipe sector hole footpath or asymmetric bar shaped absorption basin.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater of the present invention is compared with existing rectangular outlet energy dissipater, can make to enter facing the end and face limit flow velocity and all reducing by more than 50% of absorption basin current, thus substantially reduce the erosion damage risk of force reduction pool bottom and abutment wall, ensure that the operating safety of flood releasing structure.
2, sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater of the present invention, its absorption basin abutment wall High Velocity Area flow cavitation number significantly improves and a large amount of aeration around high speed main flow, thus improves Cavitation Characteristics and the air mixing corrosion reducing performance of abutment wall.
3, sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater of the present invention, the strong aeration in High Velocity Area of its absorption basin, blending is violent, and the water level fluctuation at absorption basin rear portion obviously reduces, and air mixing corrosion reducing effect is better, and energy dissipating is comparatively abundant, and absorption basin end fluidised form is comparatively stable.
4, sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater of the present invention, its absorption basin is that bottom width is greater than the symmetry in equal aperture pipe section flowing hole aperture or asymmetric bar shaped absorption basin, thus flexible arrangement, can adapt to that flood discharge hole outlet engineering geological conditions is poor, the asymmetric MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY of landform.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the C-C sectional view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the A-A sectional drawing of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of symmetric trapezium absorption basin.
Fig. 6 is the left view of Fig. 5, and describes the junction of equal aperture pipe section and symmetric trapezium absorption basin.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of symmetrical rectangular absorption basin.
Fig. 8 is the left view of Fig. 7, and describes the junction of equal aperture pipe section and symmetrical rectangular absorption basin.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the trapezoidal absorption basin of symmetrical gradual-enlargement type.
Figure 10 is the left view of Fig. 9, and describes the junction of equal aperture pipe section and the trapezoidal absorption basin of symmetrical gradual-enlargement type.
Figure 11 is the structural representation of symmetrical gradual-enlargement type rectangle absorption basin.
Figure 12 is the left view of Figure 11, and describes the junction of equal aperture pipe section and symmetrical gradual-enlargement type rectangle absorption basin.
Figure 13 is the structural representation of asymmetric trapezoidal absorption basin.
Figure 14 is the left view of Figure 13, and describes the junction of equal aperture pipe section and asymmetric trapezoidal absorption basin.
Figure 15 is the structural representation of the trapezoidal absorption basin of asymmetric gradual-enlargement type.
Figure 16 is the left view of Figure 15, and describes the junction of equal aperture pipe section and the trapezoidal absorption basin of asymmetric gradual-enlargement type.
Figure 17 is a kind of structural representation of rectangular outlet energy dissipater of the prior art.
Figure 18 is the top view of Figure 17.
Figure 19 is the A-A sectional drawing of Figure 17.
In figure, 1-First Transition section, 2-rectangle lock chamber section, 3-gate, the 4-the second changeover portion, 5-equal aperture pipe section, 6-absorption basin, 7-overflow weir, 8-linkage section, minimum widith bottom B-absorption basin, H---absorption basin height, L-absorption basin length, L1-rectangle lock chamber segment length, L2-the second transition section length, L3-equal aperture pipe section, the aperture of d-equal aperture pipe section, S-step height, ht-absorption basin downstream water depth.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment, sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater of the present invention is described further.
The project profile of following embodiment, comparative example is as follows:
Certain power station is built among Narrow Valleys, and two sides massif is precipitous, and reservoir upper pond level elevation is 380.00m, have pressure flood discharging tunnel to be formed by original reconstruction of diversion tunnel, its flowing hole is circular hole, and aperture is 6m, after connect absorption basin energy-dissipating system, force reduction pool bottom elevation 262m.
For above-mentioned engineering, the energy dissipater of following embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and comparative example three kinds of structures is adopted to carry out hydraulic model test.
Embodiment 1
Sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater in the present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, comprises and has First Transition section 1, rectangle lock chamber section 2, second changeover portion 4, equal aperture pipe section 5, absorption basin 6, the overflow weir 7 of pressing flood discharging tunnel to be connected; The flowing hole shape of First Transition section 1 gradually becomes rectangle to downstream by circle from upstream extremity, the circular flowing hole of its upstream extremity end presses the aperture of flood discharging tunnel flowing hole identical with having, the rectangle flowing hole of its downstream end and the measure-alike of rectangle lock chamber section 2 flowing hole; The length L1=12.95m of rectangle lock chamber section 2, flowing hole is of a size of: wide × height=4m × 6m, is provided with gate 3; Absorption basin 6 is asymmetric gradual-enlargement type rectangle absorption basin, the monolateral angle of flare of absorption basin
β=6 °, the length L=134.05m of absorption basin, bottom minimum widith B=8m, height H=29m; Aperture d=5m, the length L3=5m of equal aperture pipe section 5; The length L2=15m of the second changeover portion 4, flowing hole shape gradually becomes circular from upstream extremity to downstream by rectangle, the rectangle flowing hole of its upstream extremity end and the flowing hole of rectangle lock chamber section measure-alike, the circular flowing hole of its downstream end is identical with the aperture of equal aperture pipe section, the rectangle flowing hole area A r=4m × 6m=24m of upstream extremity end
2, circular flowing hole area A c=3.14 × 2.5 of downstream end
2m
2=19.6 m
2; Described First Transition section 1, rectangle lock chamber section 2, second changeover portion 4, equal aperture pipe section 5, absorption basin 6, overflow weir 7 are connected successively, the step height S=4m(0.6d<S<3.3d after equal aperture pipe section 5 is connected with absorption basin 6).During test, control absorption basin downstream water depth ht=17m.
Result of the test: reservoir operation scheme 380m, vent flow 736m
3during/s, equal aperture pipe section 5 exit velocity is 36.8m/s, current enter absorption basin by mutually shearing with water body in absorption basin, blending and diffusion, the length arriving force reduction pool bottom attached wall is again 28m, and now recording the flow velocity that current arrive force reduction pool bottom attached wall point is again 15m/s, the adherent motion of current afterwards, along with the adherent motion of current, flow velocity reduces gradually, after the adherent motion of current about 30m, blending complete in downstream water, current tend to be steady state; The Peak Flow Rate simultaneously recorded on abutment wall is 12.48 m/s.The aeration concentrater of equal aperture pipe section 5 Circular Jet center line of discharge elevation place two abutment wall can reach more than 5%, and flow cavitation number minimum value is 2.21, sudden expansion build with no pressure and have the energy dissipater's cavitation inception number 0.62 and 1.00 falling bank in specification.Meanwhile, the time average pressare of force reduction pool bottom and pressure fluctuation meter all do not occur significantly impacting dynamic pressure, can ensure the stability of force reduction pool bottom.
Embodiment 2
Sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater in the present embodiment, difference from Example 1 is: the length L2=10m of the second changeover portion 4, the length L3=30m of equal aperture pipe section 5, step height S=5m(0.6d<S<3.3d).
Result of the test: reservoir operation scheme 380m, vent flow 736m
3during/s, equal aperture pipe section 5 exit velocity is 36.4m/s, current enter water body in absorption basin and absorption basin and rub after blending one segment distance, and the length arriving force reduction pool bottom attached wall is again 47m, and now recording the flow velocity that current arrive force reduction pool bottom attached wall point is again 10.82m/s, the adherent motion of current afterwards, along with the adherent motion of current, flow velocity reduces gradually, after the adherent motion of current about 40m, blending complete in downstream water, current tend to be steady state; The Peak Flow Rate simultaneously recorded on abutment wall is 16.81 m/s.The aeration concentrater of equal aperture pipe section 5 Circular Jet center line of discharge elevation place two abutment wall can reach more than 5%, and flow cavitation number minimum value is 2.26, much larger than the cavitation inception number 0.62 and 1.00 that its build is corresponding.Meanwhile, the pressure fluctuation meter of absorption basin abutment wall and base plate does not all occur significantly impacting dynamic pressure, can ensure the stability of absorption basin entirety.
Comparative example
This comparative example adopts the energy dissipater of rectangular outlet shown in Figure 17, Figure 18, Figure 19, comprises and has First Transition section 1, rectangle lock chamber section 2, linkage section 8, absorption basin 6, the overflow weir 7 of pressing flood discharging tunnel to be connected; The flowing hole shape of First Transition section 1 gradually becomes rectangle to downstream by circle from upstream extremity, the circular flowing hole of its upstream extremity end presses the aperture of flood discharging tunnel flowing hole identical with having, the rectangle flowing hole of its downstream end and the measure-alike of rectangle lock chamber section 2 flowing hole; The length L1=12.95m of rectangle lock chamber section 2, flowing hole is of a size of: wide × height=4m × 6m, is provided with gate 3; Absorption basin 6 is asymmetric gradual-enlargement type rectangle absorption basin, the monolateral angle of flare of absorption basin
β=6 °, the length L=134.05m of absorption basin, bottom minimum widith B=8m, height H=29m; The length L4=20m of linkage section 8, flowing hole shape is gradually become the Duckbill type rectangle of wide × height=8.0m × 2.5m by the rectangle of wide × height=4m × 6m from upstream extremity to downstream; Described First Transition section 1, rectangle lock chamber section 2, linkage section 8, absorption basin 6, overflow weir 7 are connected successively, the step height S=5m after linkage section 8 is connected with absorption basin 6.During test, control absorption basin downstream water depth ht=17m.
Result of the test: reservoir operation scheme 380m, vent flow 736m
3during/s, current enter in absorption basin through the Duckbill type rectangular outlet of linkage section 8, the again attached wall length arriving force reduction pool bottom is first 15m, now recording the flow velocity that current arrive force reduction pool bottom attached wall point is again 34.19m/s, the adherent motion of current afterwards, along with the adherent motion of current, until the adherent motion of current about 50m, force reduction pool bottom flow velocity is just reduced to below 15m/s; The Peak Flow Rate simultaneously recorded on abutment wall is 35.32 m/s.Flow cavitation number is minimum is 0.2, is less than the build with no pressure of sudden expansion in specification and has the energy dissipater's cavitation inception number 0.62 and 1.00 falling bank, very easily cavitation destruction occurring.
As can be seen from the result of the test of above embodiment and comparative example, sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater of the present invention is compared with rectangular outlet energy dissipater of the prior art, and the facing the end, face limit flow velocity and significantly reduce of current, flow cavitation number obviously increases.
The invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, the symmetry shown in Fig. 5 to Figure 16 or asymmetric bar shaped absorption basin can be selected according to concrete engineering, in claim limited range, design the sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater of different structure and size.
Claims (7)
1. a sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater, comprise and have First Transition section (1), rectangle lock chamber section (2), the absorption basin (6) of pressing flood discharging tunnel to be connected, characterized by further comprising the second changeover portion (4) and equal aperture pipe section (5), described First Transition section (1), rectangle lock chamber section (2), the second changeover portion (4), equal aperture pipe section (5) and absorption basin (6) are connected successively and are connected;
The flowing hole shape of described second changeover portion (4) fades to circle to downstream by rectangle from upstream extremity, the rectangle flowing hole of the upstream extremity end of this second changeover portion (4) and the flowing hole of described rectangle lock chamber section (2) downstream measure-alike, the circular flowing hole of the downstream end of this second changeover portion (4) is identical with the aperture of described equal aperture pipe section (5);
The aperture of described equal aperture pipe section should meet following inequality: 0.2B<d<0.9B, d are the aperture of equal aperture pipe section, and B is minimum widith bottom absorption basin;
Step height S after described equal aperture pipe section (5) is connected with absorption basin (6) meets following inequality: 0.6d<S<3.3d, d are the aperture of equal aperture pipe section, and S is step height;
The pass of described step height S and absorption basin (6) downstream water depth ht is: 2<ht/S<5.
2. sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the aperture of the scope of the length L2 of described second changeover portion (4) to be 2d ~ 3d, d be equal aperture pipe section.
3. sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the aperture of the scope of the length L3 of described equal aperture pipe section (5) to be 1d ~ 8d, d be equal aperture pipe section.
4. according to one of claim 1-3 described sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater, it is characterized in that, the cross sectional area Ac of the circular flowing hole in described second changeover portion (4) downstream end is less than the cross sectional area Ar of its upstream extremity end rectangle flowing hole.
5. sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater according to claim 4, is characterized in that, 0.8<Ac/Ar<1.
6. according to one of claim 1-3 described sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater, it is characterized in that, the delivery port of described absorption basin (6) is connected with overflow weir (7) and is connected.
7. according to one of claim 1-3 described sudden enlargement and sudden Circular Jet energy dissipater, it is characterized in that, described absorption basin (6) is greater than the symmetry in equal aperture pipe sector hole footpath or asymmetric bar shaped absorption basin for bottom width.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107503330A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-12-22 | 四川大学 | It is weak in hole to there is pressure is prominent to fall expansion type jet stiling basin energy-dissipating system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107503330A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-12-22 | 四川大学 | It is weak in hole to there is pressure is prominent to fall expansion type jet stiling basin energy-dissipating system |
| CN107503330B (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-08-20 | 四川大学 | It is weak in hole to there is pressure is prominent to fall expansion type jet stream stilling pond energy-dissipating system |
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| CN104594308B (en) | 2016-02-17 |
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