CN104591379A - 一种用于处理含污泥的污水的厌氧反应器 - Google Patents
一种用于处理含污泥的污水的厌氧反应器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104591379A CN104591379A CN201410723105.XA CN201410723105A CN104591379A CN 104591379 A CN104591379 A CN 104591379A CN 201410723105 A CN201410723105 A CN 201410723105A CN 104591379 A CN104591379 A CN 104591379A
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
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CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/284—Anaerobic digestion processes using anaerobic baffled reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2003/008—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using anaerobic baffled reactors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于处理含污泥的污水的厌氧反应器，包括容器本体、设置于容器本体底部的进水配水系统以及设置于容器顶部的三相分离器；容器本体位于进水配水系统与三相分离器之间的区域还设置有污泥床区，污泥床区沿自下而上的方向迂回设置于容器本体内部以形成布水廊道，污泥床区内部填充有含厌氧微生物的颗粒污泥；污水经进水配水系统进入容器本体底部，自下而上迂回流经污泥床区使污泥床区的厌氧微生物与污水进行厌氧反应，厌氧反应之后产生的处理水从三相分离器的排水口排出、气体收容在三相分离器的气室、污泥沉积于污泥床区。通过上述实施方式，能够实现均匀布水，优化污水处理条件进而提高污水处理效率，并且能够使得三相分离器具有较好的操作稳定性。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及含污泥的污水处理设备技术领域，特别涉及一种用于处理含污泥的污水的厌氧反应器。
背景技术
[0002] 污泥是城市污水处理和废水处理过程中不可避免的副产物，含有大量的有机质、营养元素等成分。在能源及环境压力日益加重的背景下，污泥厌氧消化因其具有处理负荷高、能耗低、产生生物能源等优点，现已成为污泥减容、稳定化处理的有效途径之一。
[0003] 现有技术常采用升流式厌氧污泥床作为污泥厌氧消化的代表工艺，其结构简单。然而，其在实际运行过程中存在如下缺点:(I)难以实现在大规模反应器中均匀布水；(2)三相分离器难以实现较好的操作稳定性。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明为解决上述技术问题提供一种用于处理含污泥的污水的厌氧反应器，能够实现均匀布水，优化污水处理条件进而提高污水处理效率，并且能够使得三相分离器具有较好的操作稳定性。
[0005] 为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种用于处理含污泥的污水的厌氧反应器，包括:容器本体、设置于所述容器本体底部的进水配水系统以及设置于所述容器顶部的三相分离器；所述容器本体位于所述进水配水系统与所述三相分离器之间的区域还设置有污泥床区，所述污泥床区沿自下而上的方向迂回设置于所述容器本体内部以形成布水廊道，其中，所述污泥床区内部填充有含厌氧微生物的颗粒污泥；含污泥的污水经所述进水配水系统进入所述容器本体底部，并自下而上迂回流经所述污泥床区使所述污泥床区的厌氧微生物与含污泥的污水进行厌氧反应，厌氧反应之后产生的处理水从所述三相分离器的排水口排出、气体收容在所述三相分离器的气室、污泥沉积于所述污泥床区。
[0006] 进一步地，所述容器本体横截面呈方形或矩形，所述污泥床区由多个折流板构成，各所述折流板在上下方向上交错设置于所述容器本体相对的两侧壁上，并且，相邻所述折流板之间间距相等，所述折流板始端固定在所述容器本体的侧壁上、末端悬空，其中，所述进水配水系统设置于最底端的所述折流板始端一侧的所述容器本体内壁上。
[0007] 进一步地，各所述折流板悬空的一端向上折叠形成一倾斜角，所述倾斜角范围为20。〜60° 。
[0008] 进一步地，所述倾斜角范围优选为40°〜45°。
[0009] 进一步地，所述进水配水系统根据所述布水廊道的纵截面积大小及生产运行需要，选择多点连续进水、多点循环进水或脉冲进水方式进行配水。
[0010] 进一步地，所述脉冲进水方式为虹吸式脉冲布水方式。
[0011] 进一步地，所述容器本体还包括设置于所述污泥床区上方的污泥悬浮区，所述污泥床区和所述污泥悬浮区共同构成污泥反应区；所述容器本体高度H为I〜Sm、边长D为I〜20m;所述污泥反应区高度h为0.6〜0.9H，所述污泥床区高度为hi，所述污泥悬浮区高度为h2，h=hl+h2，其中，所述污泥床区高度hi为0.4〜0.7h;所述折流板长度a为0.6〜0.9D、厚度b为2〜15cm、板间距c为0.1〜0.5hl。
[0012] 进一步地，所述容器本体高度H为2〜5m、边长D为3〜15m;所述污泥反应区高度h为0.7〜0.8H，所述污泥床区高度hi为0.5〜0.6h ;所述污泥床区高度h为0.7〜0.8H，所述折流板长度a为0.7〜0.8D、厚度b为3〜10cm、板间距c优选为0.2〜0.4hl。
[0013] 进一步地，所述污泥颗粒中所含厌氧生物包括产甲烷菌，所述产甲烷菌与含污泥的污水反应产生可燃性气体沼气；所述三相分离器的气室可拆卸地与一储气罐相连通以收集所述气室内的沼气，其中，所述储气罐与所述气室连接的一端装设有阀门，所述阀门用于打开或关闭所述储气罐。
[0014] 进一步地，所述储气罐与所述气室之间设置有高压空气压缩机，所述高压空气压缩机的进风口与所述气室连通、出风口与所述储气罐的阀门连通以将所述气室内的沼气压缩存储至所述储气罐内。
[0015] 本发明实施例的用于处理含污泥的污水的厌氧反应器:通过在容器本体内部位于进水配水系统与三相分离器之间的区域设置自下而上迂回设置的污泥床区以构成布水廊道，含污泥的污水能够从污泥床区的底部自下而上呈升流式的流动，使得布水更均匀，并且能够延长污水与设置于污泥床区的厌氧微生物的厌氧反应时间，进而能够提高污水处理效果。同时，通过上述结构设置，布水廊道对污泥的截留作用增强，在提高污水进水流速的情况下，污泥流失量较小，能够减轻对三相分离器进行固液气分离的要求，进而使得三相分离器具有较好的操作稳定性。
附图说明
[0016] 图1是本发明实施例厌氧反应器的结构示意图。
[0017] 图2是图1所示厌氧反应器的剖视示意图。
[0018] 图3是图1所示厌氧反应器的工作流程示意图。
[0019] 图4是图1所示折流板的结构示意图。
[0020] 图5是本发明另一实施例厌氧反应器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0021] 下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
[0022] 结合图1至图3进行参阅，本发明实施例的用于处理含污泥的污水的厌氧反应器，包括:容器本体1、设置于容器本体I底部的进水配水系统2以及设置于容器顶部的三相分离器3。
[0023] 其中，容器本体I位于进水配水系统2与三相分离器3之间的区域还设置有污泥床区41，污泥床区41沿自下而上的方向迂回设置于容器本体I内部以形成布水廊道410，该污泥床区41内部填充有沉降性良好的含厌氧微生物的颗粒污泥。
[0024] 使用状态下，含污泥的污水经进水配水系统2进入容器本体I底部，并自下而上迂回流经污泥床区41所述构建的布水廊道410使污泥床区41的厌氧微生物与含污泥的污水进行厌氧反应，厌氧反应之后产生的处理水从三相分离器3的排水口排出、气体收容在三相分离器3的气室31、污泥沉积于污泥床区41。
[0025] 本发明实施例的厌氧反应器，通过设置填充有厌氧生物的颗粒污泥的污泥床区41，能够使得厌氧微生物与含污泥的污水进行厌氧反应进而基本消除含污泥的污水所含有的有机质、营养元素等成分，尤其是，通过将污泥床区41设置为在容器本体I内沿自下而上方向迂回设置并构建布水廊道410的结构形式，使得布水更均匀，能够延长含污泥污水与厌氧微生物的接触时间，使得厌氧反应更加充分从而极大程度地消除含污泥的污水所含有的有机质、营养元素等成分。同时，通过上述结构设置，布水廊道410对污泥的截留作用增强，在提高污水进水流速的情况下，污泥流失量较小，能够减轻对三相分离器3进行固液气分离的要求，进而使得三相分离器3具有较好的操作稳定性。
[0026] 在一具体应用实施例中，容器本体I的横截面呈方形或矩形。该污泥床区41由多个折流板411构成，各折流板411在上下方向上交错分布设置于容器本体I相对的两侧壁上，其中，折流板411在具体安装时，折流板411始端固定在容器本体I的侧壁上、其末端悬空并与远离折流板411始端的容器本体I侧壁相隔一定距离以容许含污泥污水通过。含污泥的污水在流动过程中多次转折、自下而上流动，并呈推流+升流式的复合水利流态，能够优化厌氧反应的水利条件。其中，污泥颗粒中所含厌氧生物主要包括产酸细菌及产甲烷菌，产甲烷菌可以在产酸细菌的配合下与含污泥的污水进行厌氧反应产生沼气，具体的，产酸细菌的作用为水解大分子有机物转化为可供产甲烷菌利用的氢气、二氧化碳和乙酸、甲酸、甲醇等物质，最终产生的沼气可作为清洁能源使用。
[0027] 其中，可以将各相邻的两折流板411之间设置为间距相等以使得含污泥的污水能够平稳、顺畅、恒量地流过。当然，为使含污泥的污水能够更加充分地利用污泥床区41所具有的厌氧微生物，含污泥的污水可以完整地流经污泥床区41，因此，可以将进水配水系统2设置于最底端的折流板411始端一侧的容器本体I内壁上，使之成侧向单边进水模式。
[0028] 具体的，污泥床区41可以分为单布水廊道410和多布水廊道410式结构，举例而言，在该呈升流式的厌氧反应器中，折流板411可以设置为至少3层。各折流板411可以采用整体浇筑、镶嵌或焊接等连接方式固定于容器本体I的内壁。如图4所示，其中，为优化水利条件，各折流板411悬空的一端向上折叠形成一倾斜角，倾斜角α范围为20°〜60°。优选地，折流板411的倾斜角α范围优选为40°〜45°。
[0029] 实际对含污泥的污水进行处理时，该进水配水系统2根据布水廊道410的纵截面积大小及生产运行需要，该生产运行需要具体为:根据进水规模大小、项目占地大小及自控管理要求，选择合适的进水方式，具体可以选择多点连续进水、多点循环进水或脉冲进水方式进行配水，以通过对污水流量的合理控制使得进入容器本体I内的污水能够与厌氧微生物充分进行厌氧反应提高污水处理效率。其中，一般在较大规模的反应器中，在有相对宽裕的用地或对工艺较高的条件下，优先选择脉冲进水方式，更优选为虹吸式脉冲布水方式。对于规模较小，要求管理简单方便，选择多点连续或多点循环进水较为合适。
[0030] 在一具体应用实施例中，容器本体I还包括设置于污泥床区41上方的污泥悬浮区42，该污泥床区41和该污泥悬浮区42共同构成污泥反应区4。其中，经过污泥床区41处理后的污水从最上层折流板411末端流出并进入污泥反应区4的后半段即污泥悬浮区42。污泥悬浮区42水流流态与传统升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB，Up_flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed)工艺相似，呈升流式水力流态。污泥悬浮区42的污泥浓度较低，其污泥主要依靠厌氧反应过程中产生的沼气的上升搅拌作用维持悬浮状态。进一步地，污水经过污泥悬浮区42的处理后，以一定的上升流速向厌氧反应器上部流动，并在三相分离器3的作用下进行气液固三相分离，分离后的沼气排至气室31，污泥自沉淀区33在重力作用下回落至污泥反应区4，澄清后的处理水送往出水区32并后排出厌氧反应器。
[0031] 具体而言，容器本体I高度H为I〜8m、边长D为I〜20m;污泥反应区4高度h为0.6〜0.9H，污泥床区41高度为hi，污泥悬浮区42高度为h2，h=hl+h2，其中，污泥床区41高度hi为0.4〜0.7h;折流板411长度a为0.6〜0.9D、厚度b为2〜15cm、板间距c为0.1〜0.5hlo为实现小型化且效率更佳，优选地，容器本体I高度H为2〜5m、边长D为3〜15m;污泥反应区4高度h为0.7〜0.8H，污泥床区41高度hi为0.5〜0.6h ;污泥床区41高度h为0.7〜0.8H，折流板411长度a为0.7〜0.8D、厚度b为3〜10cm、板间距c优选为0.2〜0.4hlo
[0032] 可进一步参阅图5，上述实施例中，该三相分离器3的气室31可拆卸地与一储气罐5相连通以收集气室31内的沼气，其中，储气罐5与气室31连接的一端装设有阀门7，阀门7用于打开或关闭储气罐5。储气时，打开该阀门7，当储气罐5存储了一定量的气体时，关闭该阀门7，并拆卸下储气罐5即可以用作日常生活，既避免了对环境的污染，又能够有效利用能源。
[0033] 进一步地，储气罐5与气室31之间设置有高压空气压缩机6，高压空气压缩机6的进风口与气室31连通、出风口与储气罐5的阀门7连通以将气室31内的沼气压缩存储至储气罐5内。通过对气室31内的沼气施加高压进行压缩，能够减少储气空间进而提高储气罐5的利用效率。在另一具体应用实施方式中，进水配水系统2由控制器9控制进行配水，该控制器9进一步电性连接高压空气压缩机6以控制该高压空气压缩机6工作，其中，储气罐5的阀门7为电磁阀，该电磁阀电性连接至控制器9并由该控制器9控制开闭。进一步地，在储气罐5进气口一侧设置一气压传感器8，同时，该气压传感器8，该气压传感器8电性连接至控制器9并用于检测储气罐5内部气压。使用时，当气压传感器8检测到储气罐5内的气压值大于安全阈值时，反馈信号给控制器9，控制器9根据该反馈信号控制进水配水系统2和空气压缩机6停止工作，并控制储气罐5的电磁阀关闭。在更换储气罐5后，重复上述过程。通过该结构设置，能够较好地收集含污泥的污水与厌氧微生物之间通过厌氧反应产生的气体，尤其指产生的可燃性气体如沼气，进而能够避免对环境造成污染并提高能源利用率，同时，能够提高整个厌氧反应器的运行安全性能。
[0034] 综上所述，本发明实施例的厌氧反应器，其有益效果如下。
[0035] (I)污泥截留作用增强，在提高污水进水流速的情况下，污泥流失量小，故呈升流式的厌氧反应器具备良好的抗冲击负荷能力，同时也减轻了对升流式厌氧反应器三相分离器3固液分离的要求。
[0036] (2)兼具升流、推流式复合水力流态，为实现良好的微生物功能分区及形成高效的产甲烷菌颗粒污泥创造了有利条件。
[0037] (3)采用侧向单边进水的方式，减缓了升流式厌氧污泥床工艺在大规模反应器中难以均匀布水的问题。
[0038] (4)结构简单，易与现有技术结合进行相应的工艺升级改造。
[0039] 以上仅为本发明的实施方式，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于处理含污泥的污水的厌氧反应器，其特征在于，包括: 容器本体、设置于所述容器本体底部的进水配水系统以及设置于所述容器顶部的三相分离器； 所述容器本体位于所述进水配水系统与所述三相分离器之间的区域还设置有污泥床区，所述污泥床区沿自下而上的方向迂回设置于所述容器本体内部以形成布水廊道，其中，所述污泥床区内部填充有含厌氧微生物的颗粒污泥； 含污泥的污水经所述进水配水系统进入所述容器本体底部，并自下而上迂回流经所述污泥床区使所述污泥床区的厌氧微生物与含污泥的污水进行厌氧反应，厌氧反应之后产生的处理水从所述三相分离器的排水口排出、气体收容在所述三相分离器的气室、污泥沉积于所述污泥床区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的厌氧反应器，其特征在于: 所述容器本体横截面呈方形或矩形，所述污泥床区由多个折流板构成，各所述折流板在上下方向上交错设置于所述容器本体相对的两侧壁上，并且，相邻所述折流板之间间距相等，所述折流板始端固定在所述容器本体的侧壁上、末端悬空，其中，所述进水配水系统设置于最底端的所述折流板始端一侧的所述容器本体内壁上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的厌氧反应器，其特征在于: 各所述折流板悬空的一端向上折叠形成一倾斜角，所述倾斜角范围为20°〜60°。
4.根据权利要求2所述的厌氧反应器，其特征在于: 所述倾斜角范围优选为40°〜45°。
5.根据权利要求2所述的厌氧反应器，其特征在于: 所述进水配水系统根据所述布水廊道的纵截面积大小及生产运行需要，选择多点连续进水、多点循环进水或脉冲进水方式进行配水。
6.根据权利要求5所述的厌氧反应器，其特征在于: 所述脉冲进水方式为虹吸式脉冲布水方式。
7.根据权利要求2所述的厌氧反应器，其特征在于: 所述容器本体还包括设置于所述污泥床区上方的污泥悬浮区，所述污泥床区和所述污泥悬浮区共同构成污泥反应区； 所述容器本体高度H为I〜8m、边长D为I〜20m; 所述污泥反应区高度h为0.6〜0.9H，所述污泥床区高度为hl，所述污泥悬浮区高度为h2, h=hl+h2,其中，所述污泥床区高度hi为0.4〜0.7h; 所述折流板长度a为0.6〜0.9D、厚度b为2〜15cm、板间距c为0.1〜0.5hl。
8.根据权利要求7所述的厌氧反应器，其特征在于: 所述容器本体高度H为2〜5m、边长D为3〜15m; 所述污泥反应区高度h为0.7〜0.8H，所述污泥床区高度hi为0.5〜0.6h ; 所述污泥床区高度h为0.7〜0.8H，所述折流板长度a为0.7〜0.8D、厚度b为3〜10cm、板间距c优选为0.2〜0.4hlo
9.根据权利要求1所述的厌氧反应器，其特征在于: 所述污泥颗粒中所含厌氧生物包括产酸细菌及产甲烷菌，在所述产酸细菌的配合下所述产甲烷菌与含污泥的污水反应产生沼气； 所述三相分离器的气室可拆卸地与一储气罐相连通以收集所述气室内的沼气，其中，所述储气罐与所述气室连接的一端装设有阀门，所述阀门用于打开或关闭所述储气罐。
10.根据权利要求9所述的厌氧反应器，其特征在于: 所述储气罐与所述气室之间设置有高压空气压缩机，所述高压空气压缩机的进风口与所述气室连通、出风口与所述储气罐的阀门连通以将所述气室内的沼气压缩存储至所述储气罐内。
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