CN104585022B - Utilize the method that Flos Cannae Indicae carries out specific hybridization with Nicotiana tabacum L. NC89 - Google Patents
Utilize the method that Flos Cannae Indicae carries out specific hybridization with Nicotiana tabacum L. NC89 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104585022B CN104585022B CN201510030294.7A CN201510030294A CN104585022B CN 104585022 B CN104585022 B CN 104585022B CN 201510030294 A CN201510030294 A CN 201510030294A CN 104585022 B CN104585022 B CN 104585022B
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Abstract
A kind of method that Flos Cannae Indicae of utilization carries out specific hybridization with Nicotiana tabacum L. NC89, it is characterised in that: use wild Flos Cannae Indicae, to hybridize by the mode of artificial pollination as maternal as male parent, flue-cured tobacco NC89 (north card 89)；Method particularly includes: 1) select calm fine day, the time, in the morning between 67, temperature was between 10 20 DEG C, and temperature must not exceed 20 DEG C, is otherwise difficult to pollinate；2) first Canna generalis Bailey pollen is adopted and be placed on a clean porcelain dish, cover toilet paper and prevent pollen from being destroyed；The collection of pollen is preferably selected the flower opened the previous day, and the next morning is acquired；3) select cigarette strain anosis, that growing way is good as pollination object, the flower of cigarette strain selects unopened flower, and it is the most existing red, existing redness illustrates copulation success, with shears, it is cut off around flower, male flower shears in cigarette strain is cut, and within about about 10 minutes, is hybridized with the female flower in cigarette strain by the Canna generalis Bailey pollen being collected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant growing technical field, be specifically related to one and utilize Flos Cannae Indicae with Nicotiana tabacum L. NC89
The method carrying out specific hybridization.
Background technology
By botany classification, Nicotiana tabacum L. belongs to Solanaceae Nicotiana.China press traditionally Nicotiana tabacum L. quality characteristic and
Cultivation modulator approach is divided into flue-cured tobacco, suncured tabacco, air-curing of tobacco leaves, burley tobaccos, Turkish tobaccos and Huang the Nicotiana tabacum L. of cultivation
Flower cigarette six class.And classify by modulator approach merely, flue-cured tobacco, suncured tabacco, air-curing of tobacco leaves three major types can be divided into.
Flue-cured tobacco is not only China and is the tobacco type that cultivated area is maximum in the world, is cigarette industry
Primary raw material.Flue-cured is the most ripe, Several harvests, in barn internal modulation.Nicotiana tabacum L. is roasting rear many
In orange colour, sugar content is higher, and protein is relatively low, and nicotine content is moderate, and middle leaf quality is preferably etc..
Suncured tabacco stands on, after referring to gather, the Nicotiana tabacum L. that sunlight dries, and is divided into again solarization Huang according to drying rear blade color
Cigarette and Dark sun-cured.Sun cured tobacco color and chemical composition relatively flue-cured tobacco, Dark sun-cured and flue-cured tobacco difference are relatively big,
Sugar content is relatively low, and protein and nicotine content are higher, and smoke is dense, and strength is big.
Air-curing of tobacco leaves is placed on the Nicotiana tabacum L. that the place of shady and cool ventilation is dried after referring to gather.Nicotiana tabacum L. dark brown after modulation,
Oil point foot, elastic strong, nicotine, total nitrogen content are high, and sugar content is low, sucks fragrance dense, and strength is big, combustion
Burning is good, and flue dust is pure white.
Shine air-cured tobacco leaf tar content low, flue-cured tobacco adds the solarization air-cured tobacco leaf exploitation mixed type volume of 30%-40%
Cigarette, it has also become produce one of effective measures of low-coke tar cigarette.External blended type cigarette is developed early, progress
Hurry up, brand is many, quality good, and tar content drops to less than 12 milligrams/, has accounted for the 70% of whole cigarette market
Above, ultra-low tar cigarette (6 milligrams/following) is also in development.China's gap is relatively big, mixes Medicated cigarette
Exploitation is late, and brand is few, of poor quality, slack market, only accounts for the 5% of market.Virginian-type cigarette still dominates city
, tar content 12 milligrams/more than, poor stability.
Therefore research and develop a sucking quality i.e. to there is flue-cured tobacco and dry in the sun cigarette advantage, tar can be reduced again
The new product of tobacco of amount has across significance of times.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of method simple, it is easy to practice, reduces cigarette
The method utilizing Flos Cannae Indicae to carry out specific hybridization with Nicotiana tabacum L. NC89 of careless harmful substance.
The technical problem to be solved realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method that Flos Cannae Indicae of utilization carries out specific hybridization with Nicotiana tabacum L. NC89, it is characterised in that: use
Wild Flos Cannae Indicae is as male parent, and flue-cured tobacco NC89 (north card 89) is as maternal, by the mode of artificial pollination
Hybridize；Nicotiana tabacum L. is contained within the harmful materials such as nicotine, and Flos Cannae Indicae is without tar etc.,
It can be selected to do male parent, and the Nicotiana tabacum L. after hybridization is few containing nicotine；
1) select calm fine day, between time 6-7 in the morning point, temperature between 10-20 DEG C, temperature
Must not exceed 20 DEG C, be otherwise difficult to pollinate；
2) first Canna generalis Bailey pollen is adopted and be placed on a clean porcelain dish, cover toilet paper and prevent pollen from meeting with
To destroying；The collection of pollen is preferably selected the flower opened the previous day, and the next morning is acquired；
3) select cigarette strain anosis, that growing way is good as pollination object, the flower of cigarette strain selects not open
Flower, and the most existing redness around, existing redness illustrates copulation success, with shears it around flower
Cutting off, the male flower shears in cigarette strain is cut, and about about 10 minutes by the Canna generalis Bailey pollen being collected and cigarette
Female flower in strain hybridizes.
The Canna generalis Bailey pollen being collected to complete work of pollinating within 2 hours, otherwise needs Resurvey；
Male flower in cigarette strain must process totally, is afraid of that offspring has mixed nature.
Flos Cannae Indicae is a kind of unmanned plantation, and a unwatched class wild flower is grown in limit, ditch or corner
Under, or manure pit limit.Nobody hoes up weeds to it all the year round, and without pest and disease damage, and growing way is vigorous.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the inventive method is simple, and the cigarette strain growing way cultivated is vigorous, yield
Height, in Nicotiana tabacum L., the levels of toxic substances such as nicotine is substantially reduced, and reduces the harm of people's smoking tobaccos,
Detailed description of the invention
For the technological means making the present invention realize, creation characteristic, reach purpose and effect and be readily apparent from
Solve, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that Flos Cannae Indicae of utilization carries out specific hybridization with Nicotiana tabacum L. NC89, it is characterised in that: use
Wild Flos Cannae Indicae is as male parent, and flue-cured tobacco NC89 (north card 89) is as maternal, by the mode of artificial pollination
Hybridize；Nicotiana tabacum L. is contained within the harmful materials such as nicotine, and Flos Cannae Indicae is without tar etc.,
It can be selected to do male parent, and the Nicotiana tabacum L. after hybridization is few containing nicotine；
1) select calm fine day, between time 6-7 in the morning point, temperature between 10-20 DEG C, temperature
Must not exceed 20 DEG C, be otherwise difficult to pollinate；
2) first Canna generalis Bailey pollen is adopted and be placed on a clean porcelain dish, cover toilet paper and prevent pollen from meeting with
To destroying；The collection of pollen is preferably selected the flower opened the previous day, and the next morning is acquired；
3) select cigarette strain anosis, that growing way is good as pollination object, when maternal plant is in the florescence, incite somebody to action
The fruit choosing cigarette strain to tie is cut, and selects unopened flower, and the most not existing redness on the flower of cigarette strain,
Existing redness illustrates copulation success, with shears, it is cut off, exposes stigma, and the male flower in cigarette strain is with cutting
Cutter is cut, and within about about 10 minutes, is hybridized with the female flower in cigarette strain by the Canna generalis Bailey pollen being collected.Institute
The Hybrids F1 collected is gained new lines " HNA ", named increasing longevity grass.
Other step according to Nicotiana tabacum L. Routine Management, reserve seed for planting, the procedure of breeding is carried out.
When pollinating, brush pen semar technique is used to pollinate, with brush pen drunk paternal pollen uniform application
On maternal stigma.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that Flos Cannae Indicae of utilization carries out specific hybridization with Nicotiana tabacum L. NC89, it is characterised in that: use
Wild Flos Cannae Indicae is as male parent, and flue-cured tobacco NC89 (north card 89) is as maternal, by the mode of artificial pollination
Hybridize；Nicotiana tabacum L. is contained within the harmful materials such as nicotine, and Flos Cannae Indicae is without tar etc.,
It can be selected to do male parent, and the Nicotiana tabacum L. after hybridization is few containing nicotine；
1) select calm fine day, between time 6-7 in the morning point, temperature between 10-20 DEG C, temperature
Must not exceed 20 DEG C, be otherwise difficult to pollinate；
2) first Canna generalis Bailey pollen is adopted and be placed on a clean porcelain dish, cover toilet paper and prevent pollen from meeting with
To destroying；The collection of pollen is preferably selected the flower opened the previous day, and the next morning is acquired；
3) select cigarette strain anosis, that growing way is good as pollination object, when maternal plant is in the florescence, incite somebody to action
The fruit choosing cigarette strain to tie is cut, and selects unopened flower, and the most not existing redness on the flower of cigarette strain,
Existing redness illustrates copulation success, with shears, it is cut off, exposes stigma, and the male flower in cigarette strain is with cutting
Cutter is cut, and within about about 10 minutes, is hybridized with the female flower in cigarette strain by the Canna generalis Bailey pollen being collected.Institute
The Hybrids F1 collected is gained new lines " HNA ", named increasing longevity grass；
4) after pollination 3 days, plant leaf is sprayed foliage fertilizer, pollinates and impose appropriate organic selenium fertilization in 10 days
Once；Wherein foliage fertilizer is to be made up of following component: alphamethrin 100-140ml, 25% Tebuconazole
Wettable powder 20-40g, brassin lactones 15-20ml, rootless bean sprouts element 8-12g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
160-180g, water 2-4kg；
Above-mentioned organic selenium fertilization is to be made up of the component of following parts by weight: farm manure 100 parts, yeast rich in selenium 5
Part, pit mud 5 parts, 5 parts of moss, biogas residue 5 parts, tobacco ash 5 parts, sodium selenite 5 parts, Folium Mori ash 5 parts,
Folium Capsici ash 5 parts, powder of straw 5 parts, 5 parts of carbamide, yellow sand 5 parts, Rhizoma Steudnerae Henryanae seedling ash 10 parts, Semen Maydis powder 2 parts,
Yam skin 5 parts, Ovum crusta Gallus domesticus 2 parts, 2 parts of Semen Pini, straw ash 2 parts, 5 parts of distiller grains powder, Bulbus Allii head 2 parts；System
The classification of all raw materials being sent in parcher time standby, the parch time is according to the humid control of different component in batches
At 5-20, parch, to parching completely, uses 90 eye mesh screens to carry out pulverizing.
Other step according to Nicotiana tabacum L. Routine Management, reserve seed for planting, the procedure of breeding is carried out.
The plant growing way of specific hybridization method of the present invention growth is good, plant height 1.8-2 rice, up to 2 meters had with
On.Total blade 48-50 sheet, many reaches more than 50, and bottom blade length is at 50-60 centimetre, wide 20-25
Centimetre；Intermediate blade length is at 80-90 centimetre, wide 40-45 centimetre；Length of blade is at 70-75 centimetre above,
Wide 30-35 centimetre；Every weight at about 8.5 grams, every about mu can receive product very heavy more than.Line-spacing 100
Centimetre, spacing in the rows 50 centimeters, can plant 1333 for every mu.
After tested, nicotine content is within 5%, and tar content declines 40-60%.
During I tested in 14 years, more than 500, hybridization Nicotiana tabacum L. flower, become 3 steamed buns, for the first time bag
Son is to form hybridization in 2003, and not only hybridization in 2007 but also become one, present product is all after it
In generation, become again a fruit, also immaturity this year.
The all samples of following detection was both from Fuquan flue-cured tobacco cultivars comparative test C3F just flue-cured tobacco in 2012
Leaf, wherein K326 and cloud and mist 87 are main cultivation flue-cured tobacco cultivars, and HNA is the hybrid of Flos Cannae Indicae and NC89.
One. latent aromatic substance relative analysis:
1, water-soluble sugar
Water-soluble sugar in junior tobacco leaf is to determine smoke alcohol and the principal element of degree.Generally burning and sucking process
In can regulate acid-base balance, increase flue gas and pliable.Reducing sugar the most therein, fires in cigarette
On the one hand can produce acid reaction, the alkalescence of suppression flue gas neutral and alkali material during suction, make the soda acid of flue gas put down
Weighing apparatus appropriateness, reduces zest, produces the most jealous；On the other hand Nicotiana tabacum L. is in heating and cigarette combustion
During suction, saccharide is the important prerequisite forming aroma substance, when temperature is more than 300 DEG C, and can be independent
Pyrolysis forms multiple aroma substance, and most important of which has furan derivatives, simple ketone and aldehydes etc.
Carbonyl compound.Saccharide and aminoacid can form multiple aroma substance through Maillard reaction, and generation is made us
Happy fragrance, covers the miscellaneous QI that other materials produce.Additionally, the high Nicotiana tabacum L. of water-soluble sugar content compares
Softness, high resilience, bright, pressure and the most broken.At present, the four of Nicotiana tabacum L. have been predominantly detected
The content of water-soluble sugar in kind of Nicotiana tabacum L., mainly includes fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose, but due to
Maltose content relatively low (being all below 0.7mg/g), so the most only comparing fructose, glucose and sugarcane
The content difference of sugar.In Nicotiana tabacum L. mainly the highest with cane sugar content, next to that glucose and fructose.For HNA
For, its cane sugar content ratio K326 and cloud and mist 87 low 18.5% and 21.1% respectively, and glucose is respectively than K326
High with cloud and mist 87 by 18.9% and 14.5%, fructose is respectively than comparison K326 and cloud and mist 87 high 23.9% and 16.7%.
Because fructose and glucose belong to reducing sugar, sucrose then belongs to non-reducing sugar, so HNA preferably coordinates
Ratio between reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar, improves Nicotiana tabacum L. and smokes panel test feature.
2, nicotine and Alkaloid
Alkaloid is mainly reflected in two aspects to the impact of quality of tobacco, and the reaction of positive is that alkaloid can
Producing the resin fragrance of similar Nicotiana tabacum L., if nicotine content is too low simultaneously, strength is little, and it is tasteless to suck；
If nicotine content height, strength is big, and zest strengthens, and produces acid.The reaction of negative is mainly reflected in
Alkaloid is harmful precursor of tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA).So for alkaloid to Nicotiana tabacum L. product
The impact of matter should be treated in terms of two.Different product are investigated with nicotine content individually below from Alkaloid
The differentia influence planted.
Alkaloid in Nicotiana tabacum L. is mainly based on nornicotine, anatabine, anabasine, pin
For HNA, these several alkaloids are significantly lower than K326 and cloud and mist 87, especially for nornicotine
And anatabine, than K326 low 34.2% and 29.6%, lower than cloud and mist 87 by 37.2% and 21.5%.
For total Alkaloid and nicotine content, Alkaloid content constitutes about nicotine and contains
About the 3% of amount, it is generally the case that Alkaloid proportion improves, and the most peculiar Nicotiana tabacum L. is peculiar
Nitrosamine (TSNA) produces, so the content that Alkaloid accounts for total alkaloids is the least, shows Nicotiana tabacum L.
Hazardness less.In HNA, the ratio of Alkaloid is significantly lower than K326 and cloud and mist 87, reduces respectively
16.1% and 22.3%, show preferable less harmful Nicotiana tabacum L. feature.
Two. plant polyphenol:
Polyphenol compound volatility in Nicotiana tabacum L. is relatively low, is directly entered the little of flue gas when burning and sucking, but it
When Nicotiana tabacum L. burns and sucks produce acid reaction, partial alkaline can be neutralized, make jealous alcohol and.Phenol generalization simultaneously
The combination of compound and saliva of buccal cavity protein, makes people feel astringent taste, therefore polyphenol and protein bound
This character is referred to as adstringency or convergence.Its Content of Chlorogenic Acid, rutin are aldehydes matters main in Nicotiana tabacum L.,
Produce, burning and sucking period cracking, the material that some volatility are stronger, smoke perfume is had a direct impact.Below
It is respectively compared the difference of several different cultivars polyphenol content.
Polyphenolic substance in Nicotiana tabacum L. mainly based on rutin and chlorogenic acid, accounts for 80% left side of its total amount
Right.Rutin and chlorogenic acid in HNA are less than K326 and cloud and mist 87, and remaining several polyphenol content difference is not
It is clearly.With regard to polyphenol for qualitative effects, the low meeting of polyphenol content makes the bitterness sense of Nicotiana tabacum L. reduce, special
It not and saliva of buccal cavity protein bound to reduce adstringency or the convergence of Nicotiana tabacum L., substantially improve HNA cigarette
The jealous characteristic of leaf.
Data above is mainly from volatile neutral and the Basic Aroma Component of junior tobacco leaf, and part fragrance
Premise material, preliminary analysis HNA is relative to K326 and the odor characteristic of cloud and mist 87.Analyze from above-mentioned detection
It is apparent that hybridization new product proposed by the invention has significant high fragrance, miscellaneous QI is light, mouthfeel
Good advantage, has the moral character that hybrid cigarette is had, and has good market prospect.
The ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantages of the present invention have more than been shown and described.One's own profession
Skilled person will appreciate that of industry, the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, above-described embodiment and explanation
The principle that the present invention is simply described described in book, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention,
The present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements both fall within claimed invention model
In enclosing.Claimed scope is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. the method utilizing Flos Cannae Indicae to carry out specific hybridization with Nicotiana tabacum L. NC89, uses wild Canna generalis Bailey
Flower is as male parent, and flue-cured tobacco NC89, as female parent, hybridizes by the mode of artificial pollination, it is characterised in that
Specifically comprise the following steps that
1) selecting calm fine day, between time 6-7 in the morning point, temperature is between 10-20 DEG C；
2) first Canna generalis Bailey pollen is adopted and be placed on a clean porcelain dish, cover toilet paper and prevent pollen from meeting with
To destroying；
3) select cigarette strain anosis, that growing way is good as pollination object, the flower of cigarette strain selects not open
Flower, with shears, it is cut off, the male flower shears in cigarette strain is cut, the U.S. being collected after 10 minutes
People's any of several broadleaf plants pollen hybridizes with the female flower in cigarette strain.
The method that the Flos Cannae Indicae of utilization the most according to claim 1 carries out specific hybridization with Nicotiana tabacum L. NC89,
It is characterized in that: the flower that the collection of described Canna generalis Bailey pollen selects open the previous day, the next morning enters
Row gathers.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1104027A (en) * | 1994-04-27 | 1995-06-28 | 丹东市农业科学研究所 | Method for cross breeding of tobacco |
| CN101960986A (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-02-02 | 中国烟草总公司黑龙江省公司牡丹江烟草科学研究所 | Seed production method for tobacco hybrid |
| CN102487730A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-06-13 | 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for improving flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan97 |
| CN102657067A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-09-12 | 苏州远健绿色芽苗菜食品有限公司 | Multifunctional bean sprout cultivating machine |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7667106B2 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2010-02-23 | Alliance One International, Inc. | Tobacco cultivar ‘AOB 175’ |
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2015
- 2015-01-21 CN CN201510030294.7A patent/CN104585022B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1104027A (en) * | 1994-04-27 | 1995-06-28 | 丹东市农业科学研究所 | Method for cross breeding of tobacco |
| CN101960986A (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-02-02 | 中国烟草总公司黑龙江省公司牡丹江烟草科学研究所 | Seed production method for tobacco hybrid |
| CN102487730A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2012-06-13 | 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for improving flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan97 |
| CN102657067A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-09-12 | 苏州远健绿色芽苗菜食品有限公司 | Multifunctional bean sprout cultivating machine |
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| Title |
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| 烟草远缘杂交育种研究概况;王志红;《江西农业学报》;20111231;第23卷(第5期);第132-135页 * |
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