CN104569894B - A kind of partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency sensor performance evaluation method based on time domain parameter - Google Patents

A kind of partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency sensor performance evaluation method based on time domain parameter Download PDF

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CN104569894B
CN104569894B CN201510039766.5A CN201510039766A CN104569894B CN 104569894 B CN104569894 B CN 104569894B CN 201510039766 A CN201510039766 A CN 201510039766A CN 104569894 B CN104569894 B CN 104569894B
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陈孝信
钱勇
许永鹏
舒博
张鸣
张一鸣
盛戈皞
江秀臣
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Shanghai Loading Energy Technology Co ltd
Shanghai Mnai Energy Co ltd
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency sensor performance evaluation method based on time domain parameter, the performance of extra-high video sensor is characterized by time domain parameter, on the basis of gtem cell impulsive measurement system measurement data, time domain parsing impulse response function is obtained via Hilbert conversion, and extracts envelope peak, three kinds of time domain parameters of envelope width and duration of oscillation.Using Guillaume Nahman technologies overcome Frequency Domain Deconvolution ask for time domain parameter during ill-conditioning problem, it is to avoid system impulse response is submerged among frequency glitches.The present invention can more accurately describe behavioural characteristic of the type UHF sensor in return pulse signal compared with existing appraisement system, and the effective contrast and analysis for detecting time domain plethysmographic signal for shelf depreciation UHF provide technical support.

Description

A kind of partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency sensor performance evaluation method based on time domain parameter
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of evaluation method, more particularly to a kind of partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency sensor based on time domain parameter Method of evaluating performance.
Background technology
Superfrequency (ultra-high frequency, UHF) detection technique is current Electric Power Equipment Insulation condition diagnosing neck The widely used Partial Discharge Detection means in domain.When occurring shelf depreciation inside power equipment, very steep pulse electricity will be produced Stream, the rise time is less than 1ns, so as to excite up to number GHz electromagnetic wave.UHF detection techniques are such by receiving and analyzing Electromagnetic wave signal obtains the relevant information of shelf depreciation.
Type UHF sensor is the device that electromagnetic wave signal is converted into voltage signal, is played a key effect in UHF technologies. The working method of type UHF sensor is similar with antenna, and its performance is also characterized by the frequency domain parameter of antenna more.Common antenna frequency domain ginseng Number includes directionality, input impedance, gain, effective area and effective depth etc., is the parameter changed with frequency.Exist at this stage It is main using M.D.Judd et al. frequency domain effective depth parameters proposed and corresponding measurement on type UHF sensor method of evaluating performance System, i.e. gtem cell impulsive measurement system.(bibliography:Judd M D, Farish O.A pulsed GTEM system for UHF sensor calibration[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1998,47 (4):875-880) system is using subnanosecond level pulse signal generator, in gtem cell Produce uniform pulse electromagnetic field.Output signal of the sensor to be measured under the electromagnetic field is recorded by high-speed oscilloscope, tied The incident field intensity that is measured by canonical reference antenna is closed, and it is effectively high just can to try to achieve via fast fourier algorithm the frequency domain of sensor Spend parameter.
But describe type UHF sensor using antenna frequency domain parameter and there is deficiency.Sensor is believed in shelf depreciation UHF detections Number the foundation that whether there is as shelf depreciation of time domain waveform or frequency spectrum, wherein time domain waveform is by directly perceived and tractable spy Main criterion of the point as Site Detection.And the mode characterized using frequency domain parameter ignores the transient response of type UHF sensor, The difference of different sensors time domain waveform under pulse signal can not be fully described.In fact frequency domain parameter is generally used for describing narrow Performance with antenna, i.e. operating frequency of antenna are definite value or the situation of small segment limit.And the pulse signal of type UHF sensor detection For broadband signal, by this antenna for working in pulse condition referred to as time-domain antenna in engineering.Frequency domain parameter is difficult complete display Ground describes behavioural characteristic of the antenna when receiving or launching pulse signal.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing evaluation method, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of part based on time domain parameter Electric discharge superfrequency sensor performance evaluation method, this method characterizes the performance of extra-high video sensor by time domain parameter, in GTEM On the basis of cell impulsive measurement system measurement data, time domain parsing impulse response function is obtained via Hilbert conversion, and carry Take out envelope peak, three kinds of time domain parameters of envelope width and duration of oscillation.Overcome frequency domain using Guillaume-Nahman technologies The ill-conditioning problem during time domain parameter is asked in deconvolution, it is to avoid system impulse response is submerged among frequency glitches.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that:
A kind of partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency sensor performance evaluation method based on time domain parameter, its feature is, this method Comprise the following steps:
Step 1, by the use of gtem cell impulsive measurement system as electromagnetic measurement environment, measure the field strength that clock is sent Input signal x (k) and voltage output sampled signal y (k), k=1, the 2... for being tested extra-high video sensor, N, N is sampling number;
Step 2, to input signal x (k) and output sampled signal y (k) carry out fast fourier transform obtain input signal Frequency spectrum X (n) and output signal spectrum Y (n), n=1,2..., N;
Step 3, calculating estimating system transmission function, formula are as follows:
D (n)=H (n) R (n)
In formula, H (n) is actual measurement system transmission function, and H (n)=Y (n)/X (n), R (n) filters for Guillaume-Nahman Ripple device;
Step 4, construction impulse response function spectrum H+(n), formula is as follows:
In formula:N is sampling number, and [N] represents the maximum integer for being not more than N;
Step 5, to receptance function spectrum H+(n) fast fourier inverse transformation is carried out, estimating impulse response h is obtained+(k);
Step 6, according to estimating impulse response h+(k) time domain parameter related to tested superfrequency sensor performance is extracted, Including envelope peak, envelope width and duration of oscillation.
Further, the constructive formula of the Guillaume-Nahman wave filters described in step 3 is:
In formula:γ is the weight of waveform smoothness, and C (n) is discrete second-order differential operator, C (n)=(2n π/N)2, N is to adopt Number of samples.
According to estimating impulse response h in step 6+(k) time domain parameter related to tested superfrequency sensor performance is extracted, Specifically:
Envelope peak p, formula is as follows:
In formula, t is the time, corresponding to sampled point k and sampling interval t0Product.
Envelope width τFWHM, formula is as follows:
In formula, t1,t2To meet at the time of corresponding conditionses.
Duration of oscillation τα, formula is as follows:
In formula, α is the minimum amplitude of vibration and the ratio of envelope peak.
Type UHF sensor of good performance should have high envelope peak, envelope narrow width and the short feature of duration of oscillation.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:Performance is carried out using time domain parameter to type UHF sensor to comment Valency, can more accurately describe behavioural characteristic of the type UHF sensor in return pulse signal, be shelf depreciation UHF detection signals The effective contrast and analysis of time domain waveform provide technical support.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is two kinds of extra-high video sensors, and 1 is logarithm period sensor, and 2 be oval dipole sensor.
Fig. 2 is the two kinds of extra-high video sensor estimating impulse responses obtained using this evaluation method.
Fig. 3 is time domain waveform of two kinds of extra-high video sensors in actually detected shelf depreciation.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by embodiment combination accompanying drawing, but the protection model of the present invention should not be limited with this Enclose.
A kind of partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency sensor performance evaluation method based on time domain parameter, this method includes following successively Step:
(1) use existing gtem cell impulsive measurement system as electromagnetic measurement environment, measured using high-speed oscilloscope Go out input signal x (k) and the output signal y (k) for being tested extra-high video sensor that clock is sent.The present embodiment is extra-high to two kinds Video sensor carries out performance evaluation, respectively logarithm period sensor and oval dipole sensor, sensor construction such as Fig. 1 institutes Show.The high-speed oscilloscope of selection is Tyke DPO70604B, with 4 passages, 6GHz bandwidth, 25G sample rates.The GTEM of selection is small The long 4200mm in room, wide 2200mm, high 1400mm.
(2) to the input in step (1), output sampled signal x (k), y (k) carries out fast fourier transform and obtains signal Frequency spectrum X (n), Y (n), sampling number N are 1024 points, i.e. k=1,2 ... 1024;N=1,2 ... 1024.
(3) calculation procedure (2) signal spectrum X (n), Y (n) plural ratio, obtains actual measurement system transfer function H (n)=Y (n)/X(n)。
Unavoidably there is noise in measurement process, due to | X (n) | it is intended to zero in high band, | 1/X (n) | it is intended to It is infinite.The small sample perturbations caused by noise will cause H (n) huge deviation in the result of actual measurement.Noise after being exaggerated It is likely to cover whole time-domain signal scope after inverse Fourier transform, so as to mask primary signal, that is, ill-conditioning problem occurs. In order to overcome the problem, it is necessary to carry out Regularization, the impulse response function estimated to actual measurement system transmission function.Pass through choosing Take suitable Regularization wave filter that the impulse response function of estimation can be made to be similar to Exact Solutions.
(4) construction Guillaume-Nahman wave filter R (n), i.e. Regularization wave filter described in step (3), construction Formula is:
In the present embodiment, γ value is taken as 100.
(5) estimating system transmission function D (n)=H (n) R (n) are calculated, after filtering, the surging of HFS is obtained Suppress, the frequency spectrum at low frequency is occupied leading position.
(6) tectonic knot impulse response function spectrum H+(n), constructive formula is:
N is 1024 in the present embodiment, i.e.,:
(7) to H+(n) fast fourier inverse transformation is carried out, estimating impulse response h is obtained+(k), as shown in Figure 2.
(8) it is based on estimating impulse response h+(k) the extraction time domain parameter related to sensor performance, including envelope peak, Envelope width and duration of oscillation.Extracting formula is:
1. envelope peak p:
2. envelope width τFWHM
3. duration of oscillation τα
In the present embodiment, α values are 0.22.
The time domain parameter of two sensorses is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
(9) time domain parameter being based in step (8) is compared and evaluated to type UHF sensor performance, UHF of good performance Sensor should have high envelope peak, envelope narrow width and the short feature of duration of oscillation.Logarithm period sensor is even with ellipse Extremely sub- sensor is compared, with higher envelope peak and narrower envelope width, therefore logarithm period sensor should have It is more easy to the time domain response output of identification.What the former duration of oscillation to be grown simultaneously is more, right if input is continuous multipulse signal One number time, the time domain response output of sensor might have aliasing.Actually detected effect of the two sensorses to partial discharge pulse Fruit is as shown in figure 3, wherein upper waveform is logarithm period sensor, and lower waveform is oval dipole sensor.Oval dipole The peak-to-peak value of sub- sensor detectable voltage signals is 0.82V, and logarithm period sensor detection signal detectable voltage signals peak peak It is worth for 1.08V, i.e. the sensitivity of logarithm period sensor is higher.The former rise time is about 190ps, the rise time of the latter About 180ps, the i.e. pulse of logarithm period sensor is steeper.In addition, logarithm period sensor has more obvious vibration.Sensing The actual Partial Discharge Detection effect of device is consistent with the analytical conclusions obtained according to sensor time domain parameter.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency sensor performance evaluation method based on time domain parameter, it is characterised in that this method bag Include following steps:
Step 1, by the use of gtem cell impulsive measurement system as electromagnetic measurement environment, measure the field strength input that clock is sent Signal x (k) and voltage output sampled signal y (k), k=1, the 2... for being tested extra-high video sensor, N, N is sampling number;
Step 2, fast fourier transform is carried out to field strength input signal x (k) and voltage output sampled signal y (k) inputted Signal spectrum X (n) and output signal spectrum Y (n), n=1,2..., N;
Step 3, calculating estimating system transmission function, formula are as follows:
D (n)=H (n) R (n)
In formula, H (n) is actual measurement system transmission function, and H (n)=Y (n)/X (n), R (n) is Guillaume-Nahman wave filters;
Step 4, construction impulse response function spectrum H+(n), formula is as follows:
<mrow> <msup> <mi>H</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&amp;le;</mo> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> </mrow>
In formula:N is sampling number, and [N] represents the maximum integer for being not more than N;
Step 5, to receptance function spectrum H+(n) fast fourier inverse transformation is carried out, estimating impulse response h is obtained+(k);
Step 6, according to estimating impulse response h+(k) time domain parameter related to tested superfrequency sensor performance, including bag are extracted Network peak value, envelope width and duration of oscillation.
2. a kind of partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency sensor performance evaluation method based on time domain parameter according to claim 1, It is characterized in that:Step 3, the constructive formula of described Guillaume-Nahman wave filters are:
<mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>&amp;gamma;</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>
In formula:γ is the weight of waveform smoothness, and C (n) is discrete second-order differential operator, C (n)=(2n π/N)2, N is sampled point Number.
3. a kind of partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency sensor performance evaluation method based on time domain parameter according to claim 1, It is characterized in that:Step 6, according to estimating impulse response h+(k) the time domain ginseng related to tested superfrequency sensor performance is extracted Number, be specifically:
Envelope peak p, formula is as follows:
Envelope width τFWHM, formula is as follows:
<mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mi>W</mi> <mi>H</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mo>|</mo> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mo>|</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>|</mo> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow>
Duration of oscillation τα, formula is as follows:
<mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;tau;</mi> <mi>&amp;alpha;</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mo>|</mo> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>&amp;alpha;</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mo>|</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>|</mo> <msup> <mi>h</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow>
α is the minimum amplitude of vibration and the ratio of envelope peak.
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